Abstract: A method of inhibiting and preventing scale in an aqueous system is described which comprises incorporating in the water at least one amino carboxylate having the formula:RN[--(CH.sub.2).sub.x --Z].sub.2in which x is 1 or 2, R represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.x --Z or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N[--(CH.sub.2).sub.x --Z].sub.2 and Z represents a --COOH group, or a salt thereof, and at least one water-soluble copolymer possessing recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl or --CH.sub.2 COOH, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, X represents --COOH and Z represents hydrogen or --COOH, or X and Z together represent --CO--O--CO--, and Y represents --SO.sub.3 H, --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SO.sub.3 H (para) or --CONHQ(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4) SO.sub.3 H in which Q represents --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently represent hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C 1-12 linear or branched alkyl or C 3-12 cycloalkyl, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Method of dispersing particulate matter, e.g., sludge, in water comprising adding thereto a copolymer, preferably methacrylic acid and acrylamide in a 1:1 mole ratio.

Abstract: The generation of dust by coal and other solid particulate materials is suppressed by the application of a foam which comprises water, a foaming agent, and an elastomeric water insoluble polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the elimination of bacterial deposits in cooling water systems and in water systems used in paper making. This is achieved by using a combination of glutaraldehyde and isothiazolone.

Abstract: Dentifrice compositions containing a hydrous silica gel having a water content of from about 20 to about 60 weight percent are disclosed. The abrasiveness of the gel is increased by contacting the gel with an alkaline medium to provide a gel pH of about 6 to about 10 and/or preparing the gel by drying and grinding a silica hydrogel that has been washed with an aqueous acidic solution having a temperature of from about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. F.

Abstract: Suspended particles in exhaust gases, such as carbon and lead particles in internal combustion engine exhaust gases, are removed by passing the gases through a coarse filter and then through a fine filter. The filters may comprise a ceramic foam material and a catalyst material effective for the conversion of the carbon particles and/or gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gases to innocuous entities may be deposited on the filters.

Abstract: A catalyst that is especially useful in the production of aromatic nitriles by a fluidized bed process comprises highly attrition-resistant microspherical particles of vanadia and an inert support and is prepared by spray drying an aqueous slurry of finely divided particles of vanadia and the support.

Abstract: A refractory inorganic oxide support is impregnated with a mixture of a platinum sulfito complex solution and a rhodium nitrate solution or with a mixture of a platinum sulfito complex solution, a rhodium nitrate solution, and a rhodium sulfito complex solution and the impregnated support is activated. The method produces a catalyst which has a maximum platinum concentration within 20 microns of the external surface of the support and at least about 70 percent of the total platinum located within 100 microns of the external surface of the support. The catalyst also has at least about 30 percent of the total rhodium located within 20 microns of the external surface of the support and at least about 40 percent of the total rhodium located at 20 to 100 microns from the external surface of the support.

Abstract: A method for treating water to retard corrosion due to dissolved oxygen, especially boiler feed waters and boiler water condensates, is disclosed. Semicarbazide and its salts are highly effective oxygen scavengers for use in aqueous systems and thereby effect reduction of corrosion resulting from dissolved oxygen.

Abstract: Spheroidal alumina particles have a combination of high macroporosity, surface area, crush strength and low attrition loss and bulk density. The particles are prepared by an improved external gelation oil-drop process. In the process a slurry of alumina, preferably a microcrystalline boehmite-pseudoboehmite intermediate, is prepared in an acidic aqueous medium and droplets of the slurry are passed through air into a column containing an upper body of water-immiscible liquid and ammonia and a lower body of aqueous coagulating agent. Catalysts employing the particles as a support and having catalytic agents distributed at controlled depths in the particle have excellent initial and sustained activity and durability, especially for eliminating pollutants in automotive exhaust streams.

Abstract: Silica hydrogel is prepared by electrolysis of an aqueous anolyte solution containing an alkali metal silicate and a salt of a non-siliceous anion, such as sodium nitrate or sodium sulfate, in a cell with a cation permselective membrane separating the anolyte and an aqueous catholyte. The electrolysis is effected in the presence of the salt to deposit silica hydrogel on the anode. The hydrogel can be easily recovered from the anode and dried to produce regular and intermediate density silica xerogels having narrow pore size distributions.

Abstract: A method of preparing ceramic monolithic structures having flow channels and their use as heat exchangers, filters, and catalyst supports are disclosed. In the method, a substantially uniform mixture of a composition comprising a ceramic powder, a polyolefin binder, and a plasticizer is shaped to form flat sheets and a series of ribs is formed on a first side of at least a portion of the sheets. After extraction of the plasticizer, a ceramic cement composition is applied to the ribs or to the second side of the sheets and the sheets are positioned in a layered structure such that the ceramic cement composition is in adhesive contact with a surface of the adjacent sheet. Firing the layered structure to sinter the ceramic powder and the cement composition and to decompose the polyolefin provides a monolithic structure of desirable strength and controlled porosity.

Abstract: An alumina composition comprising a microcrystalline boehmite-pseudoboehmite intermediate having from about 70 to about 85 weight percent of the total amount of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in crystalline form. The composition is prepared by adding aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate solutions to a mixture of water and aluminum sulfate solution to precipitate alumina and adjusting the pH to a pH higher than the precipitation pH. The reactant concentrations, and rates of addition, temperatures, and pH's in the precipitation are specifically controlled to form the boehmite-pseudoboehmite intermediate.

Abstract: A refractory inorganic oxide support is impregnated with a mixture which contains a platinum sulfito complex solution, a palladium sulfito complex solution, and a rhodium nitrate solution and has a pH of from about 1 to about 5. Activation of the impregnated support provides a three-way automotive exhaust catalyst having high efficiency and improved durability by a single impregnation method.

Abstract: Uncalcined vermiculite is injected into the coal fired furnace, at 3000.degree.-1200.degree. F., thereby facilitating removal of deposits that accumulate on line within the furnace.

Abstract: A mixture of an alkyl amine, e.g., tri-n-propylamine and an SO.sub.3 -containing acid, preferably, sulfamic acid is injected into the flue gas stream of a coal-fired utility boiler to reduce the electrical resistivity of the fly-ash particles and to increase their mean particle size, thereby improving their recovery by electrostatic precipitation or by mechanical separation, with consequent reduction in stack emissions.

Abstract: Corrosion in steam condensate lines is inhibited by maintaining a mix of a hydroxylamine compound and a neutralizing amine in the water.

Abstract: Dentifrice compositions containing a hydrous silica gel having a water content of from about 20 to about 60 weight percent are disclosed. The abrasiveness of the gel is increased by contacting the gel with an alkaline medium to provide a gel pH of about 6 to about 10 and/or preparing the gel by drying and grinding a silica hydrogel that has been washed with an aqueous acidic solution having a temperature of from about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. F.

Abstract: A catalyst which is particularly useful in the treatment of diesel exhaust emissions is described. The catalyst comprises a mixture of a supported noble metal and/or chromium component and a bulk first transition series, silver, and/or hafnium component. The supported component catalyzes hydrocarbon conversions and the bulk component catalyzes combustion of carbon particulates in diesel exhaust gases.

Abstract: Spheroidal alumina particles have a combination of high macroporosity, surface area, crush strength and low attrition loss and bulk density. The particles are prepared by an improved external gelation oil-drop process. In the process a slurry of alumina, preferably a microcrystalline boehmite-pseudoboehmite intermediate, is prepared in an acidic aqueous medium and droplets of the slurry are passed through air into a column containing an upper body of water-immiscible liquid and ammonia and a lower body of aqueous coagulating agent. Catalysts employing the particles as a support and having catalytic agents distributed at controlled depths in the particle have excellent initial and sustained activity and durability, especially for eliminating pollutants in automotive exhaust streams.