Abstract: Applicants have discovered that the performance of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators can be markedly improved by digressing from the accepted techniques of sensing standing waves set up by resonation in the SAW device. Applicants have developed a SAW resonator which employs one or more unidirectional transducers which are sensitive to traveling rather than standing waves. This construction obviates the deletevious action of direct, broad band, input to output coupling and avoids the high position sensitivity which occurs when bidirectional transducers are utilized to sense standing wave patterns.

Abstract: Applicants discovered that by employing selected transducer geometries, such as unbalanced dual-finger geometries, certain reflections, called "Mechanical electrical loaded" (MEL) reflections, can be generated which tend to cancel reflected waves inherently generated by surface acoustic wave devices.In particular, the disclosure is directed to a transducer for a surface acoustic wave device adapted for coupling to an electrical load and/or source. A pair of interdigitated comb electrodes are formed on an acoustic wave propagating substrate, for example a piezoelectric substrate. Means, such as input or output terminals, are provided for applying an electrical load and/or source across the pair of comb electrodes. Each of the comb electrodes has a plurality of interdigitated electrode fingers.

Abstract: A housing is provided, the housing including a grip portion having an aperture therein to receive the fingers of a hand and a frontal breech-enclosing portion disposed forwardly of the grip portion. A breech is mounted in the frontal housing portion. A barrel is mounted forwardly of the breech, the breech and barrel being aligned with the approximate vertical center of the aperture of the gripping portion. A hammer is mounted behind the breech. A thumb actuated trigger assembly is provided, the trigger assembly including a thumb trigger mounted above and behind the aperture and a trigger linkage adapted to mechanically actuate the hammer upon depression of the thumb trigger. The alignment of the breech and barrel with the approximate center of the gripping fingers effectively places the force of the recoil in alignment with the bone structure of the arm, thereby reducing the pivoting which can be caused by recoil in conventional handguns.

Abstract: A system utilizing a bank of frequency staggered band-pass filters spanning the range in which fat emboli are known to occur is provided for the early detection of fat emboli in blood.

Abstract: The invention is applicable for use in conjunction with hand-held calculators, preferably of the type having a substantial computing and programming capability. The calculator typically has a housing, an input keyboard on the housing, a computing module in the housing which includes input terminals coupled to the keys of the keyboard, and a display coupled to the output of the computing module. In accordance with the invention, there is provided an interface for entering numeric information from a companion device, such as a graphical digitizer, into the computing module of the hand-held calculator. The interface includes a multipin connector element affixed to the housing of the calculator and a plurality of conductors for coupling the pins of the connector element to the input terminals of the computing module, these conductors being connected in parallel with the inputs from the keyboard.

Abstract: An interface circuit for use in a data transmission system has a first port for connection to a 16 wire data highway of the type proposed by the I.E.C. (International Electrochemical Commission) for the interconnection of instruments, and a second port capable of being connected to an eight-wire or two-wire data link. The interface circuit includes an encoding circuit operative to encode at least some commands applied to the first port, and an enabling circuit for selectively enabling data applied to the data terminals of the first port and the encoded commands to pass to the second port.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for uniform heating of relatively large blocks of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ using radio frequency (RF) electrical energy that is substantially confined to the volume to be heated and effects of dielectric heating of the formations. An important aspect of the disclosure relates to the fact that certain hydrocarbonaceous earth formations, for example raw unheated oil shale, exhibit dielectric absorption characteristics in the radio frequency range. In accordance with the system of the invention, a plurality of conductors are inserted in the formations and bound a particular volume of the formations. The phrase "bounding a particular volume" is intended to mean that the volume is enclosed on at least two sides thereof. Electrical excitation is provided for establishing alternating electric fields in the volume.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for uniform heating of relatively large blocks of hydrocarbonaceous formations in situ using radio frequency (RF) electrical energy that is substantially confined to the volume to be heated and effects dielectric heating of the formations. An important aspect of the disclosure relates to the fact that certain hydrocarbonaceous earth formations, for example raw unheated oil shale, exhibit dielectric absorption characteristics in the radio frequency range. In accordance with the system of the invention, a plurality of conductors are inserted in the formations and bound a particular volume of the formations. The phrase "bounding a particular volume" is intended to mean that the volume is enclosed on at least two sides thereof. Electrical excitation is provided for establishing alternating electric fields in the volume.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a birefringent crystal as the sensing element in a probe thermometer constructed of certain basic optical components utilized in three separate modes. Thus, all of the modes of the invention are directed to a probe thermometer which uses the temperature dependence of the birefringence of certain single crystals as the temperature sensitive parameter. One such crystal is a Y-cut single crystal of LiTaO.sub.3. Alternative crystals having adequate sensitivity in the desired temperature range may be constructed from LiNbO.sub.3 or BaTiO.sub.3. Polarized light propagates through the crystal in two modes, the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray, which have indices of refraction n.sup.o and n.sup.e. For LiTaO.sub.3 at room temperature, n = 2.2, B = n.sup.e - n.sup.o = 0.004, and dB/dT = 4.4 .times. 10.sup.-5 /.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring temperature or, alternatively, for measuring the flow of thermal power to a substrate maintained at substantially constant temperature. In accordance with the invention there is provided a semiconductor substrate, such as a silicon substrate. A temperature sensing means is formed in the substrate and is operative to generate a first electrical signal as a function of the temperature of the substrate. Means are provided for generating a reference level, and a comparator is reponsive to the first electrical signal and the reference level for generating a control signal. A heater means is formed in the substrate and means are provided for driving the heater means in response to the control signal. Finally, means are provided for measuring the electrical power input to the heater. The measured electrical power input is, in various applications, a useful indication of the temperature of the ambient environment.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus for position determination in a data space, the position determination preferably being in the form of rectangular coordinates. First and second orthogonally oriented elongated microphones are provided. The microphones approximately define adjacent edges of a substantially rectangular data space. A passive movable element, such as a stylus or puck, is provided as being movable in the data space. Means are provided for periodically generating sound waves at a source position spaced from the movable element. Preferably, the source of sound waves is located such that the sound waves emanate from about the corner of the data space defined by the intersection of said adjacent edges. Timing means, coupled to the microphones and synchronized with the generation of the sound waves, are provided for measuring the transit times of the sound waves reflected off the movable element to the microphones.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling internal environment air using energy from the sun. In accordance with the method of the invention, internal environment ("inside") air is circulated over a desiccant and thereby dried. The dried air, which takes on heat as a consequence of the drying operation, is relatively cooled by performing a heat exchange operation with external environment ("outside") air. At this stage, the dried inside air is at a temperature which is only slightly above the temperature of the outside air. Moisture is then added to the dried inside air which had been subjected to the heat exchange operation. The evaporation of the moisture into the dried air restores it to a desired relative humidity and effects a cooling of the air which is then returned to the internal environment. The operation of drying the inside air will, after a time, render the desiccant too wet to perform efficiently. The desiccant is then heated with solar energy so as to remove moisture from the desiccant.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a non-contacting gage apparatus and method of the type wherein radiation attenuation is measured to obtain thickness information. A first function is developed and is representative of the thickness of standard pieces versus measurement values. A second function is developed and is representative of the Absorption Index of alloy material (to be measured) versus thickness. Calibration can then be effected using the two functions and the nominal thickness of material to be measured.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to an optical display apparatus, or fiber optics magnification panel, and a method of making same. In accordance with the disclosed method, a plurality of substantially parallel relatively closely spaced optically conducting elongated strands, such as fiber optic strands, are wrapped about a spacer element. At least one additional spacer element is then positioned over the previously wrapped strands and the plurality of strands is rewrapped over the at least one additional spacer element in spiral fashion. The operation of positioning an additional spacer element over the previously wrapped strands and rewrapping the strands over the additional spacer element is then repeated a desired number of times. The resultant spirally wound construction is then severed substantially along the plane of the first-mentioned spacer element, and a resultant portion of this severing operation is angularly severed to form a pair of wedge-shaped display panels.

Abstract: An apparatus for recognizing the occurrence of a command word within continuous speech, features an improved sequential processing of feature signals derived from the input speech: feature subsets are compared with previously stored subset signals to determine the time interval or boundary of command word candidates. The occurrence decision and indication of the command word is made from a comparison of a feature signal matrix versus a previously stored training matrix.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for receiving optical radiation representative of a scene and for generating a processed image having periodic spatial amplitude modulations; i.e., a sampled image which does not suffer substantial loss of overall illumination. In accordance with the invention there is provided a means for generating a plurality of ordered images of the scene, at least one of the ordered images being out of phase with respect to the other ordered images. Phase shift means are provided for imparting a phase shift to said at least one ordered image so that it is substantially in phase with respect to the other ordered images. Focusing means are provided for collecting the ordered images to obtain the processed image. In the preferred embodiment of the invention the plurality of ordered images are substantially non-overlapping. In this embodiment, the means for generating a plurality of ordered images includes a phase grating and a lens adjacent the phase grating.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus for inspecting the surface of an object at an inspection position. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, source means are provided for generating a relatively narrow collimated beam of radiation, the source preferably, but not necessarily, being a laser. A scanning means, spaced from the inspection position, is provided for effecting a substantially circularly shaped scan of the laser beam at the inspection position. The scanning means may typically comprise a tilted rotatable mirror which is rotated at the scan rate. A reflector means is disposed between the scanning means and the inspection position. The reflector means, typcially a mirror, has an aperture therein to allow passage of the scanning beam travelling toward the inspection position. The mirror reflective surface is oriented angularly with respect to the axis of the scan so that radiation received from the object is reflected toward an off-axis region.

Abstract: The invention is applicable to an apparatus which receives a sequence of character-representative signals and which generates stroke signals that are suitable for controlling a scanned display to present the sequence of characters on the display. This type of system typically includes timing generator means for generating timing signals which are synchronized with the display scan and character storage means for storing the character-representative signals and periodically reading out character-representative signals which correspond to a character in the sequence. This type of apparatus also typically includes stroke generating means responsive to the timing signals and the character-representative signals for producing a stroke of a character to be displayed. In accordance with the invention there is provided a system for presenting predetermined adjacent characters in overlapping positions on the display.

Abstract: The invention is utilized in an apparatus for imaging sections of a body by transmitting ultrasonic energy into the body and determining the characteristics of the ultrasonic energy reflected therefrom. Such an apparatus typically includes a timer for generating timing signals, an energizing/receiving device alternately operative in response to the timing signals, and a display/record device, synchronized by the timing signals, for displaying and/or receiving image-representative electronic signals from the energizing/receiving device. In accordance with the invention there is provided a portable scanning module, suitable for being hand held, which comprises fluid-tight enclosure having a scanning window formed of a flexible material. A transducer is provided for converting energy from the energizing/receiving device to periodic ultrasonic energy and for converting reflected ultrasonic energy to electrical signals, the transducer having a plurality of defined segments.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for generating the two-dimensional filtered back-projected image of a slice of an object. In accordance with the invention there is provided a photodetector means and illuminating means directed toward the photodetector means. A carrier means is disposed between the illuminating means and the photodetector means, the carrier means having a plurality of substantially parallel elongated projections on the surface thereof. Each projection has an optical characteristic (transmissivity or reflectivity) representing the density characteristic of the slice of the object as measured at a particular relative rotational angle. A mask means is disposed between the illuminating means and the photodetector, the mask means comprising a plurality of cycles of a substantially sinusoidally shaped pattern of varying amplitude. Means are provided for moving the carrier means and the mask means with respect to each other.