Abstract: This invention is directed to APE-free polymer binders formed by emulsion polymerization and having specific peel and cure properties. The APE-free polymeric binders have a peel value, when adhered to a heated metal surface, of 35% to 200% of the peel value shown by a standard APE-based polymer binder control (i.e., AIRFLEX® 105 vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer emulsion) and exhibit a cure profile such that at least 55% cure is achieved within 30 seconds at a temperature required for cure. Wet tensile strength is used as a measure of cure. The peel value is determined by a modified release and adhesion test. Binders having the peel and cure properties described herein can be considered for use in crepe processes, especially DRC processes.

Abstract: The present invention elates to a vinyl acetate based polymer latex composition obtained by emulsion polymerization of: (a) polyvinyl alcohol, (c) a monomer mixture comprising vinyl acetate, and (d) optionally one or more additional co-monomer(s), in presence of (c) 0.0001-0.05 wt. % of a chain transfer agent, based on total monomer weight, said vinyl acetate based polymer latex composition having a weight average particle size ≧400 nm and a higher shear thinning factor than the vinyl acetate based polymer latex composition (a), (b) and (d) obtained in the absence of the chain transfer agent (c). According to one embodiment, emulsion polymerization is carried out in presence of 0.001 to 0.05 wt. % of a chain transfer agent selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and chain transfer agents having a similar chain transfer constant with regard to vinyl acetate as the monomer. According to another embodiment, emulsion polymerization is carried out in presence of 0.0001 to 0.01 wt.

Abstract: The invention is the use of a glycolic acid adduct of sodium sulfite as the reducing agent in the redox couple for polymerization of vinyl acetate polymer based emulsions for nonwoven binders which contain formaldehyde, primarily from the self-crosslinking co-monomer N-methylolacrylamide.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for effecting decolorization of an alkanolamine by subjecting the alkanolamine to hydrogenation in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The improvement for removing color, by-products, or both from a dialkylalkanolamine represented by the formula: wherein R and R1 are methyl, ethyl, or a mixture thereof, which comprises: utilizing a catalyst comprised of palladium carried on gamma alumina as the hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Aqueous based emulsion copolymers containing vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and aqueous based poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing emulsion copolymers formed by emulsion copolymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and optionally one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). These emulsion copolymers can be used in a variety of applications such as adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improvement in a process for preparing an aqueous emulsion of pressure-sensitive adhesive based upon acrylic esters having a good balance of adhesive and cohesive properties and to the resulting emulsion. In the basic process, a pressure-sensitive adhesive formulation comprised of at least one ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid is polymerized in the presence of water and an emulsifier thereby forming an emulsion polymerized pressure-sensitive adhesive. The improvement resides in effecting the polymerization of the pressure-sensitive adhesive formulation comprised of at least one ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in the presence of from 5 to 30 percent by weight of a styrene containing polymer containing at least 80 percent by weight styrene.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of dimethylformamide comprising the steps: (a) reacting methyl formate and dimethylamine in a reactive distillation column under conditions to form dimethylformamide and by-product methanol; (b) vaporizing the by-product methanol and generating a liquid dimethylformamide while in said reactive distillation column; (c) removing at least a major portion of the by-product methanol as an overhead from said reactive distillation column; (d) removing a crude liquid dimethylformamide containing residual by-product methanol as a bottoms fraction from said reactive distillation column; (e) introducing said bottoms fraction containing dimethylformamide and residual by-product methanol to a purification column wherein the by-product methanol is removed from said dimethylformamide as an overhead and purified dimethylformamide is removed as a bottoms fraction; and, optionally, (f) recycling the by-product methanol removed as an overhead from the purification column to the reac

Abstract: A method of preparing vicinal difluoro aromatic compounds in high yield from hydroxy aromatic compounds and a method of preparing intermediates thereof. The hydroxy aromatic compound can be a mono-, bi- or tricyclic aromatic in which the rings are separate or fused. One or more of the rings can contain heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and can contain one or more substitutions, in addition to the hydroxy substitution.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the production of stable aqueous dispersions of vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, preferably at high solids, i.e., greater than 65 wt %, preferably >70% which are useful as adhesives. The vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer is comprised of polymerized units of vinyl acetate and ethylene in approximately 60-95 wt % and 5-40 wt % respectively. The copolymers are prepared by the emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene monomers in the presence of a stabilizing system consisting essentially of (1) a poly(vinyl alcohol) which is 75-99+mole % hydrolyzed and has an average degree of polymerization ranging from 100-2200 and (2) a polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000.

Abstract: Water-borne paints having an ASTM 60° gloss value of at least 10 are formulated with a latex of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene or alkyl acrylate having a dry glass transition temperature (Tg) below 20° C. and a latex of a polymer of vinyl acetate having a dry Tg above room temperature but a Tg when wet below 23° C. so that it is film-forming from the latex at room temperature. These paints are suitable for service as satin, semi-gloss or high gloss coatings but preferably are used as semi-gloss paints. The addition of the higher Tg polymer of vinyl acetate to the lower Tg copolymer provides a paint free with low to no volatile organic content but exhibiting improved blocking resistance without significant reduction in gloss.

Abstract: The reaction of unsaturated carbonates such as vinyl ethylene carbonate with N-aminoethylimidazolidone (TAM) under mild conditions generates a mixture of two vinyl and hydroxy functional imidazolidone carbamates which polymerize readily into acrylate or vinyl acetate based emulsion polymers. The polymers show enhanced wet adhesion (wet scrubbability) in latex paints and coatings.

Abstract: Aqueous based emulsion copolymers containing vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and aqueous based poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing emulsion copolymers formed by emulsion copolymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and optionally one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). These emulsion copolymers can be used in a variety of applications such as adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: A method of forming a low dielectric constant interlayer dielectric film on a substrate by reacting, under chemical vapor deposition conditions sufficient to deposit the film on the substrate, an organosilicon precursor comprising a silyl ether, a silyl ether oligomer, or an organosilicon compound containing one or more reactive groups, to form an interlayer dielectric film having a dielectric constant of 3.5 or less. The films formed by the above method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a laminate suited for use in producing disposable absorbent products comprising a nonwoven web formed from randomly dispersed fibers bonded with a crosslinked vinyl acetate/ethylene adhesive and a particulate polymeric absorbent entrapped within the laminate in fixed location by means of adhesively bonding the nonwoven web to itself or to another substrate, the improvement which comprises utilizing a nonwoven web incorporating an acrylic or vinyl acetate/ethylene adhesive having the following characteristics, and further, said nonwoven web adhesively bonded to itself or to another substrate through the crosslinked acrylic or crosslinked vinyl acetate/ethylene adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vinyl acetate based polymer latex composition obtained by emulsion polymerization, the polymer comprising PVOH, and a monomer mixture, said monomer mixture comprising vinyl acetate, and a pre-crosslinking monomer selected from one or more polyethylenically unsaturated compounds wherein said pre-crosslinking monomer is present in amount of less than 0.01% by weight based on the total monomer content and which pre-crosslinking monomer is initially charged to the polymerization reaction mixture. The invention further relates to use of the vinyl acetate based polymer latex in an adhesive, preferably a woodworking adhesive and to an adhesive, preferably a woodworking adhesive comprising said latex.

Abstract: The reaction of unsaturated carbonates such as vinyl ethylene carbonate with N-aminoethylimidazolidone (TAM) under mild conditions generates a mixture of two vinyl and hydroxy functional imidazolidone carbamates which polymerize readily into acrylate or vinyl acetate based emulsion polymers. The polymers show enhanced wet adhesion (wet scrubbability) in latex paints and coatings.

Abstract: According to the present invention, hydrogen/carbon monoxide synthesis gas (also called syngas) is produced by injection of a second reactant stream into a hydrocarbon reformer at a location between the entry and discharge ends of the reformer. The second reactant stream can contain: carbon dioxide; a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon; a mixture of hydrocarbon and steam, a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam; or a mixture of carbon dioxide with hydrocarbon and steam. All or part of the mixtures containing hydrocarbon and steam can be prereformed hydrocarbon in steam.

Abstract: Novel acid-blocked amine catalysts and their use in the preparation of polyurethanes. The acid-blocked amine catalysts have the general structure shown below: wherein A is the residue of an organic acid anhydride; R1 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; R2 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; n is an integer of 0 to 10; and B is a compound containing a protonated amine and one or more primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: Active fluoride catalysts that are useful in producing electrophilic fluorination agents; especially useful in producing BDM from the reaction of fluorine with carbon dioxide and FTM from the reaction of fluorine with carbonyl fluoride. The fluoride catalyst comprises a mixture of two or more fluorides selected from a transition metal fluoride, an alkali metal fluoride and/or an alkaline earth metal fluoride. Alternately, the fluoride catalyst is one or more fluorides, such as alkali metal fluorides, alkaline earth metal fluorides, and/or transition metal fluorides, deposited on an inert support.

Abstract: The use of 3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-propionamide (Formula I) and 3,3′-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]imino}bis-propanamide (Formula II) as catalysts in the production of polyurethanes. The use of 3-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}-propionamide (Formula I) and 3,3′-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]imino}bis-propanamide (Formula II) as catalysts in the production of polyurethanes.