Abstract: A system for choosing a data path through a multi-processor array on a least time and path availability basis. In a preferred embodiment, each processor has an associated path selection element. The element associated with the data source sends out a signal to adjacent elements. The signal is propagated outward through the array until it reaches the path selection element associated with the destination processor. When the signal reaches the destination element, that processor responds by outputting a response signal which is channeled back to the source element via the path selection elements associated with those processors which propagated the preferred path of the original signal, establishing a data path through these elements. Integrated circuits situated as adjuncts to each processor in the array can be fabricated as the elements which implement this system.

Abstract: An electronically tunable phased array antenna element compensates for the variation of input impedance as the scan angle of the array changes. A microstrip feed is used which allows monolithic microwave integrated circuits to easily be incorporated in the radiating element housing. The element improves transmit or receive sensitivity. In addition, this electronic tuning will counteract detuning of the element caused by external influences such as electromagnetic field coupling from other nearby antennas.

Abstract: An electron beam is directed into a first region containing gaseous molecules which capture electrons from the beam and then dissociate to produce negative ions. The ions are accelerated to the desired energy electrostatically and drawn to a second region where they are exposed to an intra-cavity laser beam which traverses their path. The laser is chosen to have a wevelength which will cause photodetachment of electrons to form neutral atoms. Simultaneously with the above, the electron beam and ions are collimated with a magnetic field. The neutral atoms are separated from any remaining ions or electrons by a repelling electrical potential provided by a repeller plate or the like.

Abstract: An electron beam is directed into a first region containing gaseous molecules which capture electrons from the beam and then dissociate to produce negative ions. The ions are accelerated to the desired energy electrostatically and drawn to a second region where they are exposed to an intra-cavity laser beam which traverses their path. The laser is chosen to have a wavelength which will cause photodetachment of electrons to form neutral atoms. Simultaneously with the above, the electron beam and ions are collimated with a magnetic field. The neutral atoms are separated from any remaining ions or electrons by a repelling electrical potential provided by a repeller plate or the like.

Abstract: In an FEL, unwanted sidebands in the laser pulses are suppressed by the introducing of a temporal dispersion of the sideband with respect to the main wavelength, causing a time lag between the main wavelength and the sideband. This is preferably accomplished by the use of diffraction gratings in a grating rhomb within a ring resonator. The first of the gratings in the rhomb has a zero order diffraction which can be used for outcoupling. Tuning in real time is achieved by adjusting the positions of the elements in the ring resonator so that the desired wavelength will be in spatial overlap with the electron pulses in the wiggler.