Abstract: Method for producing structures from metal workpieces which may or may not be capable of superplastic forming, such as titanium alloy and steel, using a forming die having a predetermined contour or shape and a cooperating pressure diaphragm formed of a metal capable of superplastic forming. Fluid pressure is applied to one side of the pressure diaphragm to cause stretching or expansion thereof by superplastic forming, and forcing the diaphragm against the workpiece, which in turn is caused to move or expand into contact with the forming die, to produce a structural component of predetermined shape. With the proper application of pressure, temperature and time, metal parts, e.g. 8 to 12 inches thick, can be formed in addition to parts formed from comparatively thin sheet metal.

Abstract: System and method for producing a composite, particularly applicable for repairing damage to a structural component, wherein an electrical resistance heating element basically in the form of a layer of conductive carbon or graphite, e.g., in fiber form, becomes bonded to and forms a part of the cured composite. In the repair of a parent structure, a patch comprising a heat curable resinous material is applied to the parent structure, and a heat bondable adhesive film is positioned between the parent structure and the patch. An electrical resistance heating element in the form of a layer of graphite fibers is provided in contact with, or forming a part of, the patch, the heating element being capable of bonding the patch to the parent structure upon heating the adhesive bond to a predetermined temperature, to form a unitary structure comprised of the damaged parent structure, the patch and the heating element.

Abstract: A process for producing amorphous or crystalline silicon nitride is disclosed which comprises reacting silicon disulfide ammonia gas at elevated temperature. In a preferred embodiment silicon disulfide in the form of "whiskers" or needles is heated at temperature ranging from about 900.degree. C. to about 1200.degree. C. to produce silicon nitride which retains the whisker or needle morphological characteristics of the silicon disulfide. Silicon carbide, e.g. in the form of whiskers, also can be prepared by reacting substituted ammonia, e.g. methylamine, or a hydrocarbon containing active hydrogen-containing groups, such as ethylene, with silicon disulfide, at elevated temperature, e.g. 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for high speed soldering of components in electronic circuits, whereby movement of components is avoided and essentially no solder balls are formed, comprising between 10 and 14% of a vehicle and between 86 and 90% of solder metal dispersed in the vehicle, preferably employing solder metal of particle size ranging from about 40 to about 70 microns, and utilizing as solvent in the vehicle a low volatile high molecular weight alcohol, preferably a primary aliphatic monoalcohol containing about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, e.g., cetyl alcohol, in an amount of about 10 to about 50% by weight of the vehicle.

Abstract: A liquid .beta.-streptococcus selective medium for the growth and detection of .beta.-hemolytic streptococci without allowing the growth of enterococci and other non-.beta.-hemolytic streptococci, consisting essentially of 0.2-0.4 gm. pullulan as carbohydrate source based on 93-72 ml water, a protein source such as a combination of Proteose Peptone #3, (a dried meat digest) and Biosate (pancreatic digest of casein combined with yeast autolysate), an inhibitor of the growth of Pseudomonas, such as thallous acetate, an inhibitor of the growth of gram negative organisms other than Pseudomonas, such as nalidixic acid, an inhibitor of the growth of staphylococci such as Gentamycin, and reduced aniline blue indicator.

Abstract: Process for producing metallic structures such as T-cap structures of a metal capable of diffusion bonding and superplastic forming, which comprises inserting at least two metal workpieces, for example, a titanium alloy, preferably in the form of sheets or diaphragms, in contact with each other in a tooling apparatus, and providing a space or cavity, e.g., of triangular shape, in the tooling above and below the workpieces along an area thereof. A sharp ridge is provided in the tooling at one end of the cavity to pinch off the workpieces at that point. The workpieces are diffusion bonded at preselected contacting areas thereof. The unbonded areas of the workpieces are then expanded by superplastic forming into contact with a wall of the tooling cavity, forming a hollow, e.g., triangular, cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: Novel solder composition or solder cream, particularly adapted for soldering components in high-density electronic circuits, e.g., fusing electrical components to small pads of the order of 10 mils square or smaller, comprising a narrow range of between 10 and 14% flux-containing vehicle and between 86 and 90% of solder metal, and employing solder metal of particle size ranging from about 0.2 to about 35 microns.

Abstract: In a process for diffusion bonding of at least two metal workpieces of a reactive metal, particularly titanium, the improvement for expelling entrapped air from between surfaces of such workpieces prior to diffusion bonding, which comprises precoating the metal surfaces of the workpieces which are to be diffusion bonded with a substance capable of decomposing at a temperature above about 800.degree. F. and below the diffusion bonding temperature of the workpieces, e.g. of the order about 1300.degree. F., such substance being preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, to form an inert gas having a density greater than air, heating the workpieces to a temperature above about 800.degree. F. and causing decomposition or pyrolysis of such substance and forming an inert gas having a density greater than air, and flushing the inert gas together with the entrapped air out of contact with the surfaces of the workpieces, preferably by means of argon having a density greater than the pyrolysis products or the inert gas.

Abstract: A method for producing T-section integrally stiffened reinforced panels formed of parallel stringers or stiffeners having a T-section, formed of fiber reinforced resin, co-cured to a skin component to be reinforced, also formed of fiber reinforced resin, comprises first forming a rubber-like, e.g., silicone rubber, form block containing T-shaped grooves corresponding to the T-section stiffeners. Lay-ups in the form of fiber reinforced partially cured thermosetting resin T-shaped stiffeners are then forced into the grooves of the rubber-like form block in spaced parallel relation therein, and the center of the T-section stiffeners between the flanges thereof is filled with unidirectional tape comprised of fiber reinforced partially cured thermosetting resin. An outer skin formed of fiber reinforced partially cured thermosetting resin fabric is then placed over the rubber-like form block and the T-section stiffeners therein.

Abstract: A method for fabricating superplastically formed/diffusion bonded structures wherein metal blanks of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having an oxide surface layer are joined at selected areas by diffusion bonding and expanded superplastically to form a desired sandwich or integrally stiffened structure. According to such method, a suitable mask is applied to selected areas of the aluminum or aluminum alloy blanks. The assembly is then placed in a vacuum chamber and at a suitable low pressure and suitable voltage a glow discharge is created between the metal blank or blanks functioning as cathode or sputtering target, and an anode to selectively remove the oxide from the metal blanks and deposit the oxide debris on the anode.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are disclosed for utilizing solar radiation and the energy contained therein for the carbothermic reduction of a metal oxide to a metal carbide. The apparatus comprises a reflective surface which collects and focuses solar radiation onto a focal mirror which consequentially reflects and focuses the solar light rays into a reaction chamber through a Fresnel lens and a transparent window provided on the chamber. The solar light rays are focused by the reflective surface focal mirror and Fresnel lens such that the energy absorbed by reactants in the reaction chamber is sufficient for the carbothermic reduction of the metal oxide.

Abstract: Cryogenic insulation system for containers for storage of cryogenic liquefied gases such as LNG (liquid natural gas), comprised of a low temperature resistant metal, preferably high nickel steel, membrane or liner supported by a layer of reinforced foam insulation. There is provided at corners, for example at 90.degree. corners, and disposed within the foam insulation layer, a corner structure comprised of a low temperature resistant metal, preferably high nickel steel, e.g. Invar, angle member, to which such membrane is attached, a support or back-up member for such angle member, a plurality of low thermal conductivity high strength metal, e.g. stainless steel, strips or fingers attached as by welding, to the angle member, such fingers being in the plane of the membrane, the fingers being attached at their outer ends to connectors which are attached to the container wall or ship hull. The fingers transmit loads from the metal membrane through the container wall or ship hull.

Abstract: A filter system particularly adapted to remove particulate aerosol and vapor contamination from air comprising, an outer shell having a contaminated air inlet cap connected to one end and a clean air outlet cap connected to the other end, and a plurality of filter units mounted axially in the shell, each of said units comprising two containers, one of the containers having a particle/aerosol filter element therein such as paper, and the other of the containers having a vapor filter element therein, such as charcoal, the two containers of each filter unit being positioned in contiguous relation. A vapor passage is provided from one container to the other container of each unit and an annulus is provided between the outer periphery of the containers and the inner surface of the shell.

Abstract: Magnetizable recording medium for nondestructive magnetic particle inspection of an object or part, for detection of defects and metallurgical conditions therein, in the form of a rubber-like resilient pad, e.g. a cast silicone rubber pad, having dispersed therein magnetic oxides, e.g. ferromagnetic particles, of high magnetic retentivity, and having high magnetic remanent flux density, e.g. of the order of about 1,850 gauss, or higher, and a magnetic coercive force of the order of about 280 oersteds, or higher. There can be embedded or sandwiched into the magnetizable rubber-like pad an open-mesh fabric, e.g. a silk layer, to provide magnetic recordable pads of improved dimensional stability and reuseability.

Abstract: A process for enhancing adhesive bonding of a metal substrate, particularly aluminum, which comprises treating the aluminum substrate, after optional cleaning thereof in an alkaline solution, with an ammoniacal solution of a copper salt, e.g. copper sulfate, to form a cuprammonium, i.e. [Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4 ]SO.sub.4, solution containing the complex Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.++ ion. Such treatment provides a controlled etch of the aluminum substrate and increases the surface area thereof, resulting in enhanced reactivity of each surface with an adhesive during adhesive bonding, and providing a strong adhesive bond between the adhesive coating and the metal substrate. When such cuprammonium treatment of an aluminum surface is followed by electrodeposition of an organic coating, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,180,442, prior to application of an adhesive coating, a strong adhesive bond having consistently high lap shear values is obtained.

Abstract: Individual plies of woven cloth having different fiber orientation patterns are prelocated with respect to each other and by continuous means, such plies are arranged into a stacked package and sewn together to secure the plies in a predetermined position with respect to each other.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the electrodeposition of a coating of a phosphorylated amide on a metal such as aluminum, and the formation of a chemical bond between the metal and the coating, such amide being in the form of (a) an organic polymer consisting of a poly (phosphinohydrazide), a poly (phosphinoguanide) or a poly (phosphinoureide), including homopolymers and copolymers thereof, and their thio analogs or (b) a 2:1 molar adduct of a nitrogen-containing compound such as hydrazine, guanidine or urea or its thio analog, and an organic phosphite or phosphonate. In the method of electrolytically depositing such coating on the metal substrate, e.g., aluminum, the substrate is employed as the anode in a non-aqueous or aqueous electrolyte containing a phosphorylated amide of the type noted above, e.g.

Abstract: Highly fire resistant composites or laminates particularly applicable as structural components in aircraft, e.g. in the engine nacelle, as part of the acoustic panel-fire wall structure, and capable of withstanding a 2,000.degree. F. flame temperature, comprising incorporating an additive in the form of a polymeric phosphorylated amide, into a resin, e.g., a polyimide or an epoxy resin, such additive being soluble in the resin. The resulting resin containing the additive is then applied to or impregnated into a substrate such as glass fiber cloth or graphite fiber, to form a composite structure which is then cured. The resulting cured composite when subjected to high temperatures of the order of, e.g., a 2,000.degree. F. flame temperature, forms a resin char of reduced thermal conductivity which holds the fibers of the laminate together and maintains the structural stability and integrity of the laminate.

Abstract: A cassette tape, preferably formed of plastic, comprising a body portion, an open end therein for insertion of a cassette tape, a hinged cover mounted adjacent the open end of such body portion, and having a closed end and side portions, said cover arranged to fit over and around the open end of the body portion to close said case, pins mounted on the side portions of the cover and a pair of curved notches in opposite sides of the body portion of the case adjacent the open end thereof, to accommodate such pins. A cassette tape having a raised flat surface on opposite sides thereof is adapted to be received within the case in the closed position of the cover, for storage in the case.

Abstract: A liquid dye penetrant composition for use in non-destructive testing of objects to locate cracks and other defects or flaws therein, said composition comprising (1) a nonionic surfactant, such as an oxyalkylated aliphatic alcohol, (2) a small amount of a dye soluble in the surfactant and (3) a substantial and preferably a major proportion, of an N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, as extender. Such composition is applied to the surface of an object containing cracks and other defects, water is applied to the surface of the object to remove excess liquid dye penetrant composition from the surface without removing such penetrant from such cracks and other defects, and with or without a developer, the surface of the object is viewed under suitable lighting conditions, e.g.