Abstract: A capping head for the rotary application of a cap on a container wherein a housing adapted to be secured to a rotary spindle rotatably carries a chuck of minimal inertial mass in coaxial alignment with the spindle and an improved nonfrictional magnetic clutch transmits torque from the rotating housing to the chuck to drive the chuck in rotation and thereby carry out a capping operation.

Abstract: A snap-type cap for sealing against escape of gases through an opening in an end closure of a container having contents therein which dissociate a gas therefrom. The cap includes a seal portion to engage with a sealing lip around the opening in the container end to provide an initial low pressure seal and a second high pressure seal as progressively higher pressures within the container exceed the sealing limit of the initial low pressure seal. The cap may further include an opening portion adapted for contacting an opening panel in the container end and effecting an opening in the container by applying pressure against the opening panel through the opening portion. An improved easy open container end having a smooth sealing lip for cooperating with the cap for resealing and a method of making such an end are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reforming at least a portion of a multiple necked-in can body to provide at least an essentially right cylindrical-shaped portion adjacent a last necked-in portion by contacting at least the portion adjacent above and below the last necked-in portion with a rotating roll and providing relative movement of the periphery of the can body with respect to the rotating roll.

Abstract: A tamper-evident closure adapted for assembly with a container includes a band which, upon first opening, completely separates from a cap portion and which, upon reclosing the container with the cap, is dislodged from engagement with the container to insure that the band falls freely around a neck portion of the container to provide a substantial space between the cap and the band and thereby provide readily discernible evidence that the container has been previously opened.

Abstract: A device for attaching a fitment to an open mouth container and for tamper-evident sealing of the fitment with the fitment attached thereto. The device includes a closure portion having a first skirt portion adapted for rolling a thread to engage a cooperating thread on the fitment. Other skirt portions are adapted for rolling such portions into engagement with the fitment and the container to firmly attach the fitment to the container, and a fracturable line of weakening is provided between the first skirt portion and the other skirt portions to provide evidence that the container has been opened upon a first unthreading of the closure.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy food can body and a method of forming the same whereby an uncoated high strength aluminum alloy sheet stock is blanked and drawn into a sized cup and redrawn by one or more redraws to form the sized can body. The end wall of the can body is formed into a pressure resistant profile, the side wall adjacent the open end is trimmed and outwardly flanged, a plurality of annular beads is formed in a central portion of the side wall, and at least the interior of the can body is coated with a material compatible with the food product to be packaged in the can. An end portion of the can side wall is ironed to reduce its thickness during at least one of the redraw operations.

Abstract: A process for producing a refractory material comprising essentially beta'-SiAlON wherein initial reactants comprising Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 are nitrided for sufficient times and temperatures to convert at least a portion of the initial reactants to at least a portion of effective reactants and the effective reactants are then further heated to produce an essentially beta'-SiAlON refractory material.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing frozen electrolyte bath from surface portions of an electrode body, the apparatus having crust breakers adapted to penetrate and fracture the crust which breaks into discrete pieces and which separates from the body. The crust breakers are attached to a frame through a linkage system which is adapted to move the breakers along a line of travel substantially adjacent to the salt encrusted surfaces of the body. With application of sufficient power to the crust breakers to penetrate and fracture the crust, substantially all of the crust is removed from the electrode body with minimal generation of dust and noise.

Abstract: A process for producing a refractory material comprising essentially beta'-SiAlON wherein the initial reactants include discrete particles of an SiO.sub.2 source and discrete particles of an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 source.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor attached to a ceramic electrode body by a metal bond on a portion of the body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect a metal bond.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor and a ceramic electrode body connected by a friction weld between a portion of the body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect such a friction weld and a portion of the metal conductor.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a metal conductor diffusion welded to a portion of a ceramic electrode body having a level of free metal or metal alloy sufficient to effect a metal bond.

Abstract: A nonconsumable electrode assembly suitable for use in the production of metal by electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt, the assembly comprising a ceramic electrode body and a metal subassembly of a metal conductor rod and at least one metal strap affixed to an end of the rod with opposing portions extending radially outwardly from the rod axis and having the ends of the strap attached to the electrode body.

Abstract: An electrode assembly comprising an electrically conductive ceramic electrode body having an opening therein and a metal stub retained in the opening with at least a surface of the stub in intimate contact with a surface of the body and the stub adapted with a spring to flex and prevent damage to the body from expansion of the stub when subjected to a temperature differential.

Abstract: A housing for a ball in a nonrefillable pour fitment for assembly with a bottle having an open mouth to prevent fraudulent refilling of the bottle. The housing is comprised of a hollow cylinder adapted for assembly with the bottle and a cup-shaped ball enclosure contained within the cylinder, the enclosure having a diameter or greatest dimension across the cup mouth less than the inside diameter of the hollow cylinder. The ball enclosure is coaxially disposed within the cylinder with the cup mouth recessed inwardly from the cylinder end to be directed toward the interior of the bottle when assembled with the bottle. The enclosure is maintained in a spaced relationship between the cylinder wall and the cup wall defining the cup mouth by a plurality of bridges connecting portions of the cylinder wall with portions of the cup wall defining and projecting away from the cup mouth.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ceramic electrode body having an opening therein is threadably engaged with a metal stub having at least a slot therein to provide space for expansion of the stub without damage to the electrode body.

Abstract: A Darrieus-type vertical axis wind turbine is disclosed which includes a vertically extending rotor tube mounted on a support structure with two or three rotor blades of troposkein configuration on the rotor tube for rotating the tube in response to wind energy and thereby drive a generator to produce electrical power. The turbine includes an erection hinge which permits assembly of the rotor tube and blades at close to ground level followed by upward hinging of the rotor assembly to a vertical position. It also includes a system for automatically lubricating the top bearing upon erection and a system for visually tensioning the guy cables.

Abstract: A siding panel system is provided including a clip device located between overlapping and interlocking siding panels to restrain movement of a horizontal siding panel which may become disengaged from an adjacent lower course of siding due to wood floor joist shrinkage in the vertical direction. The siding panels generally have a fastening portion along the upper edge and a longitudinal groove opening away from the upper edge on the panel face below the fastening portion. A hooked flange portion along the lower panel edge projects at an angle toward the panel back for engagement with the groove on the face of an adjacent panel. The clip device includes an upper fastening leg having a generally vertically elongated opening therethrough and an integral medial leg projecting downwardly from the terminal end of the fastening leg and outwardly from the building structure.

Abstract: A method for making spherical binderless pellets using a rotating drum mixer whereby at least a portion of the particles comprising the pellets is comprised of coking coal particles.

Abstract: A tear-off closure having a collar flaring downwardly and outwardly from a terminal edge of a cap portion of the closure, the collar provided to shield a portion of a bottle with the closure applied thereon from contamination. At least one line of weakening is provided in the collar to enable tearing at least the collar for convenient removal of the closure from a bottle.