Abstract: In a 32-channel wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission system, for example, four optical transmitters are grouped in eight groups. Each group is provided with a control optical transmitter. The control light transmitter regulates the level of a control light so that the total level of light transmitted from the corresponding group is equal to the total level of four signal lights. An optical transmission line of the above-mentioned system is normally regulated beforehand so that the wavelength characteristic of the following signal lights is flat when light at the total level of thirty-two signal lights in a predetermined range of wavelengths is transmitted. Therefore, in the system according to the invention, independent of the number of signal lights, the receive level of a signal light is unchangeable.

Abstract: A composite writing utensil comprising a front barrel and a rear barrel, a cam body provided within the barrel unrotatable with respect to the rear barrel, and a slider unrotatable with respect to the front barrel and coupled to each of a plurality of writing shafts. The cam body includes a V-shaped cam projection projecting forward, a cam surface, and a restraining portion. The slider comprises a V-shaped cam projecting rearward, and a slidably-contacted surface extending along the cam that is urged against the cam surface. A relative rotation between front and rear barrels causes the slidably-contacted surface of the cam to slidably contact the cam surface and one of the cams to be restrained by the restraining portion, thus a point of the writing shaft coupled to the slider provided with the cam selectively projects from the point aperture of the barrel.

Abstract: A two-step switch, which may be minimized in radial direction and is suitable for PCB or FPC circuit board, has a first contact spring, having outer peripheral contacts in regular contact with first fixed contacts and having an inner contact inside the outer peripheral contacts and reversed by depressing, and a second contact spring, stacked on the first contact spring via an insulation sheet, having an outer peripheral contact in regular contact with a second fixed contact and having an inner contact inside of the outer peripheral contact and reversed by depressing. Through a first depressing, the inner contact of the first contact spring is reversed and in contact with the inner contact of the second contact spring, whereby a first electric circuit is actuated. Also through a second depressing, the inner contact of the second contact spring is reversed and in contact with the third fixed contact, whereby a second electric circuit is actuated.

Abstract: An optical module includes a waveguide. In one aspect, an optical active element and an optical waveguide are formed separately, with the optical waveguide being optically coupled to the optical active element, and with the optical waveguide including a spot-size conversion region. In another aspect, a refractive index matching resin, having the same-level refractive index as that of the optical waveguide, is provided between the waveguide and the optical active element. In a further aspect, the waveguide is a Y-type branch waveguide in which a single-mode waveguide section is branched into first and second branch waveguide sections. In a yet another aspect, a device which divides lights of different wavelengths is provided to reflect light of a first wavelength and pass light of another wavelength, separating incoming light from outgoing light.

Abstract: A memory cell and method of fabricating the memory cell includes an insulating layer formed on a first electrode layer, the insulating layer having a first opening, a stencil layer formed on the insulating layer, and having a second opening formed in an area of the first opening, a phase-change material layer formed on a surface of the first electrode layer in the first opening, and an electrically conductive layer including a first portion formed on the stencil layer and defining a second electrode layer and a second portion formed on the phase-change material layer.

Abstract: A disk drive device in which emergency unloading at the start of the engine is prevented, a head may have a prolonged life and improved reliability as an HDD is achieved. A disk drive device is driven or the movement of a magnetic head is allowed after an engine start in a vehicle is detected by an engine start detecting part, so that emergency unloading can be prevented at the start of the engine. In order to detect the engine start, voltage values on four power supply lines for a vehicle power supply device are monitored or the outputs of various sensors such as a tachometer, a vibration detection sensor, an engine sound detection sensor, a vehicle speed pulse, a gyro sensor and a parking brake are monitored. In another embodiment, the number of emergency unloading occurrence at the start of the engine is reduced, which allows the head to have a prolonged life, so that the disk drive device has improved reliability as an HDD.

Abstract: JP920010143US1 A liquid crystal display includes liquid crystal cells for forming an image display area on a substrate, a source driver for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cells using a plurality of source driver ICs to which power is supplied in a single stroke of the brush fashion and an LCD controller for processing signals received from a host's side via video I/F and supplying the processed signals to the source driver Ics. The source driver delays the start timing for writing the liquid crystal cells among the plurality of source driver ICs respectively to avoid the concentration of current consumption.

Abstract: A terminal device such as a mobile terminal is provided with two real-time clocks which are powered by different power sources: a first real-time clock which is built in a control section (built-in microcomputer 1, for example) of the terminal device; and a second real-time clock which is provided outside the control section. At power-on of the mobile terminal or on recovery from failure such as a power cut, clock/calendar information is read out from the second real-time clock and is set to the first real-time clock, and thereafter, the control section obtains the clock/calendar information from the first real-time clock. The second real-time clock is connected to the control section directly by a signal line or via a functional device, or the second real-time clock is built in a functional device which is connected to the control section. By such composition and operation, the clock/calendar information can be maintained reliably and correctly even if failure occurred to the control section.

Abstract: To improve the processing speed in a case where a program requiring memory access serialization is executed in a multiprocessor environment with a load instruction out-of-order execution function. Each of CPUs has the function of performing store forwarding (SF) when the address regions of a pair of store and load instructions coincide with each other. Each CPU stops SF and performs store forwarding avoidance (SFA) when the two address regions do not coincide with each other but have an overlap therebetween. Each of SF and SFA is executed with priority over out-of-order execution. Each CPU performs SFA effective in limiting out-of-order execution with respect to a predetermined store instruction on a program and a load instruction mated to the store instruction and given after the store instruction, and ensures that data relating to the store instruction can be observed from other CPUs.

Abstract: A black matrix layer 14 is formed on a counter substrate 13 along the direction where a scanning line 2 extends, so that it continuously covers the upper parts of a common electrode line 3a, the scanning line 2, a space between the common electrode line 3a and the scanning line 2, a TFT 5, a space between the scanning line 2 and a common electrode line 3b, and the common electrode line 3b, and in the portion opposed to the signal line, the black matrix layer is eliminated.

Abstract: A common pilot channel-use reverse diffusion unit generates common pilot data using a received digital signal and a common pilot channel-use reverse diffusion code, while an individual channel-use reverse diffusion unit generates individual channel data using the received digital signal and an individual channel-use reverse diffusion code. Power calculating unit converts respective output data items of the common pilot channel-use reverse diffusion unit and the individual channel-use reverse diffusion unit into power values, a larger one of which is then determined by a comparator. A selector unit selects the data item having thus determined larger power value of those output data items of those reverse diffusion units. A channel estimating unit estimates the channel using data symbols of the data item thus selected by the selector unit.

Abstract: A flip chip type of light-emitting semiconductor device using group III nitride compound comprising a thick positive electrode. The positive electrode, which is made of at least one of silver (Ag), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd), and an alloy including at least one of these metals, is adjacent to a p-type semiconductor layer, and reflect light toward a sapphire substrate. Accordingly, a positive electrode having a high reflectivity and a low contact resistance can be obtained. A first thin-film metal layer, which is made of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), or any combinations of including at least one of these metals, formed between the p-type semiconductor layer and the thick electrode, can improve an adhesion between a contact layer and the thick positive electrode. A thickness of the first thin-film metal electrode should be preferably in the range of 2 ? to 200 ?, more preferably 5 ? to 50 ?. A second thin-film metal layer made of gold (Au) can further improve the adhesion.

Abstract: In a stick-like object receiving member having safety precautions, which receives a stick-like object, a sufficient air passage is secured without exerting an influence on the size of the stick-like object or the receiving member. An eraser receiving member 16, which is the stick-like object receiving member, includes a cylindrical side portion 16b which engages with at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of an eraser 13, and surrounds at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the eraser 13, and a bottom portion 16a which closes one end of the cylindrical side portion 16b. A slit 16e is formed in the cylindrical side portion 16b and bottom portion 16a so as to penetrate the cylindrical side portion 16b and bottom portion 16a in the axial direction, and the slit 16e serves as an air passage.

Abstract: A printer has two or more boards. Each board comprises a pre-editing unit which extracts format information from the start of non-delimited received data to sequentially delimit the data into pages beginning with the start of the received data and calculates a temporary page change position that is the trailing end of one page whose start is the leading end of the non-delimited data, an editing unit which edits data following the temporary page change position, calculates an actual page change position that is the trailing end of one page whose leading end is the temporary page change position, and outputs the editing data of the page, and a drawing unit which performs drawing processing in which the editing data is drawn and video output data is output.

Abstract: An inkjet recording head includes a two-dimensional array of a pressure chambers and corresponding array of piezoelectric elements each for applying a pressure wave to ink in a corresponding pressure chamber. In fabrication, a piezoelectric plate temporarily bonded onto a substrate is subjected to sandblasting to form the plurality of piezoelectric elements After the piezoelectric elements are bonded as a unit onto a diaphragm which constitutes part of the walls of the pressure chambers, the substrate is removed. Dummy patterns equalize the degree of side etching among the piezoelectric elements.

Abstract: A method and structure for a transistor device comprises forming a source, drain, and trench region in a substrate, forming a first insulator over the substrate, forming a gate electrode above the first insulator, forming a pair of insulating spacers adjoining the electrode, converting a portion of the first insulator into a metallic film, converting the metallic film into one of a silicide and a salicide film, forming an interconnect region above the trench region, forming an etch stop layer above the first insulator, the trench region, the gate electrode, and the pair of insulating spacers, forming a second insulator above the etch stop layer, and forming contacts in the second insulator. The first insulator comprises a metal oxide material, which comprises one of a HfOx and a ZrOx.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first TFT for controlling a supply of a display signal to a pixel electrode, a second TFT connected to the first TFT, and a third TFT connected to a data line. The third TFT controls the supply of a display signal to the pixel electrode. The second and third TFTs are connected to a gate line Gn+1, and the first TFT is connected to a gate line Gn+2.

Abstract: Transparent parallel planar plates which are members for retaining an optical waveguide are provided erectly in an optical path of light in a transparent vessel in advance. An optical fiber is fixed into the transparent vessel while the optical fiber penetrates the transparent vessel, and an optical sensor is also disposed adjustably. Next, a first photo-curable resin solution is injected into the transparent vessel, and light with a predetermined wavelength for curing is emitted from the optical fiber so that the optical waveguide is self-formed by polymerization reaction. Because the parallel planar plates are transparent, the optical waveguide is formed so as to be extended again from the emission ports of the parallel planar plates. Finally, the optical waveguide is formed so as to reach a bottom surface of the transparent vessel.

Abstract: A method of performing model to hardware correlation that simulates models based upon design criteria and manufactures devices based upon the design criteria. The method evaluates features of the devices during the manufacturing to produce in-line test parametric data, compares the models to the in-line test parametric data to obtain correlation data, and modifies the simulating according to the correlation data.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a system which generates heat therein, includes a chamber for receiving at least a portion of the heat, the chamber containing a refrigerant therein, a condenser for receiving the refrigerant having been heated in the chamber, the refrigerant being pressurized and cooled in the condenser, and at least one coil coupled to the condenser and leading to a region to be cooled. The at least one coil includes a first portion coupled to the condenser, a second portion downstream from the first portion, and a third portion downstream of the second portion. The second downstream portion contains an orifice for free expansion to cause cooling of the region, and the third downstream portion leads from the region to be cooled back to the chamber.