Abstract: A method for producing an alkyl substituted lactone including the steps of alkylating an unsaturated ketone with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl organometallic reagent such as a Grignard reagent or an alkali metal alkyl, to form an unsaturated alcohol, and oxidatively cleaving the unsaturated alcohol to form the lactone, and recovering the lactone.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cyclic terpenoid amines which can be prepared by cyclizing the corresponding acyclic terpenoid amine.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing substituted 2-cyclopentenones represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or lower aliphatic hydrocarbyl groups. The process comprises treating a nitroalkane with a substituted acrylic acid ester in the presence of a base, followed by saponification, to yield a substituted 4-nitropentanoic acid which acid is then treated with strong acid under dehydrative conditions to yield the subject 2-cyclopentenone.

Abstract: Improved conversions of primary allylic and benzylic alcohols are obtained in an Oppenauer oxidation process, under Oppenauer oxidation conditions, by carrying out the oxidation employing furfural as the hydrogen acceptor. Primary alcohols to which the present invention relates are allylic alcohols substituted in at least the 2-position with a hydrocarbon radical and benzylic alcohols.

Abstract: A process for producing (+)-cis-homocaronic acid from 2-caren-4-ol, 2-caren-4-one, 3-caren-2-ol, or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The reactants are ozonized, the ozonides produced are treated with an oxidizing agent, and the (+)-cis-homocaronic acid is recovered. The oxidizing agent can be hydrogen peroxide in either a basic or an acid medium.

Abstract: A four-step process for producing (-)-dihydrochrysanthemolactone from 2-caren-4-one is disclosed. The four steps in order are methylating 2-caren-4-one, oxidizing, methylating the tautomeric mixture resulting from the oxidation, and finally lactonizing the single hydroxy acid resulting from the second methylation. Additionally, three novel intermediate compounds that are produced by the steps in the process are disclosed.

Abstract: Cis- and trans-limonene oxides can be separated effectively one from the other by either fractional distillation or by substantially selectively rearranging with acid catalysis at mild temperature said cis-isomer into trans-dihydrocarvone. The distillatively-separated limonene oxide isomers or the remaining unreacted trans-limonene oxide isomer then is available for discrete conversion into a corresponding dihydrocarvone isomer with minimal equilibration by further acid-catalyzed rearranging at mild temperature.

Abstract: The present invention resides broadly in a method for the preparation of paper having improved water and/or solvent resistance which comprises applying to a base paper a plastic particle containing formulation, and then wetting the formed coating with a solvent to which the plastic particles are sensitive. The present invention is particularly applicable to the preparation of electrostatic paper masters of improved water resistance for lithographic printing having a photoconductive layer and a barrier coat to which the photoconductive layer is applied. The barrier coat contains a binding amount of a binder resin and filler at least a portion of which is an amount of said plastic particles sensitive to the solvent system of the photoconductive layer, the amount of plastic particles and sensitivity being sufficient to materially increase water resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition on the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: An apparatus for a wheeled vehicle for slashing pine trees to enhance the production by natural means of terpenoid materials, and comprising a tree slashing device pivotally mounted at the end of an arm extending from the vehicle, and irritant applicator also carried on said tree slashing device for applying an irritant material to the freshly slashed wound in the stem of the tree.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the coupling of a Grignard reagent RMgX with an allylic halide in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent wherein the improvement, for obtaining improved yield and selectivity, comprises adding a catalyst to said Grignard or allylic halide and then carrying out the coupling reaction by the addition of the Grignard reagent to the allylic halide, said reaction being characterized by the displacement at the gamma position (relative to the halide) of the allylic halide with R of the Grignard reagent, migration of the allylic double bond in the direction of the halogen atom and loss of halogen. The present invention also resides in the discovery of certain novel procedures for the synthesis of Vitamin E. Specific embodiments of this aspect of the invention reside in the syntheses of 6,7-dehydrophytol, 10,11-dihydrofarnesene, phytone, hexahydropseudoionone, and related compounds as precursors for Vitamin E.

Abstract: Alkali metal oxides of cis- and trans-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)-heptan-2-ol are surprisingly effective bases in organic reactions calling for the use of a strong base, especially those reactions wherein abstraction of a proton from attachment to a carbon atom is postulated to occur in the mechanism.

Abstract: A flavored comestible spread consisting essentially of an oil-in-water dispersion of water; a partial glyceride ester composition containing about 38-48% diglyceride, monoglyceride in the ratio of about 1:5 to 1:1.5 based on the diglyceride content, and triglyceride in an amount less than the mono- and diglyceride contents combined, said partial glyceride having a Capillary Melting Point less than about 120.degree. F.; surface active cellulosic thickener; and at least a threshold proportion of flavorant and/or colorant.

Abstract: Para-menth-1-ene-7-sulfonate salts are made by reacting .beta.-pinene with a bisulfite salt under free radical conditions.

Abstract: Vanadium impurities in chlorinated titaniferous materials are rendered easily removable by reacting said chlorinated titaniferous materials with a high surface area carbon at an elevated temperature. A process for preparing said high surface are a carbon is also described.

Abstract: A process for dispersion strengthening metal alloys comprising the steps of separating metal powder particles larger than about 180 microns, flattening the particles to provide flake particles having a thickness less than 180 microns, and then internally oxidizing the flake particles. The flaked particles can be combined and consolidated with atomized particles less than about 180 microns on a 20% to 80% and preferably 40% to 60% weight basis to provide improved dispersion strengthened metal products.

Abstract: Improved soldering or brazing paste compositions comprising a metal alloy powder and a vehicle therefor have been developed. The vehicle comprises hydroxypropyl cellulose blended with glycerine and/or water further blended with a mixture of polyalkoxyalkanols. Said vehicle is totally fugitive, leaving exceptionally low residue and maintains stable viscosity during extended storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cyclic terpenoid amines which can be prepared by cyclizing the corresponding acyclic terpenoid amine.