Abstract: A system for providing services includes service entities, interface entities, and a service bus. Each service entity produces and receives events and includes at least one of a reusable macro function, an application programming interface function, and a management interface function. Each service is implemented with at least one service entity. Each interface entity produces and receives events and is coupled to a communication system and communicates with the communication system using a communication protocol. The service bus couples the interface entities and the service entities and passes events between the interface entities and service entities.

Abstract: A radar signal detecting apparatus is provided. The radar signal detecting apparatus includes a coupler diverging a part of signal from received signal, a local oscillator outputting local signal, a mixer converting the diverged signal multiplied the local signal into low frequency signal and a detector detecting, a radar signal from the low frequency signal by using a threshold above side lobe.

Abstract: An individual identification device and a method for extracting an iris region which can extract the iris region with high accuracy even if the shape of a pupil is not circular as in the case of a horse, cattle or the like. Contour lines of the pupil and an granula iridia are extracted from an image inputted. Part of a circle is applied to a contour line of the pupil and a radius of the contour line outside the iris region is estimated by an angle formed by two lines, one to connect both ends of the pupil and the other to pass the center of the circle. An iris circle is estimated by applying part of the circle to the contour line inside and outside the iris region.

Abstract: The present invention is an automatic focusing apparatus for automatically focusing on a subject in an image plane. The automatic focusing apparatus includes a focus lens for focusing on the subject, drive means for moving the focus lens, an image element for picking up image data from the subject through the focus lens, an image processor for extracting luminance signals of each pixel from the image data picked up by the image element, and a controller for computing contrast value under the luminance signals of each pixel extracted by the image processor, for computing moving quantity of the focus lens by using inverse number of the contrast value, and for controlling the drive means according to the moving quantity.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus in a wireless communication system transmits power-control information on a power-control channel, separate from the traffic channels of the wireless communication system. In a code division multiple access system, the power-control channel has a separate spreading code. The power-control channel provides a steady flow of power-control information, even when traffic channels are used only intermittently.

Abstract: Bit lines to which memory cells having a capacitor formed of a ferroelectric substance are connected are each divided into a plurality of line segments. These line segments can be electrically connected by transistors. To read data from the memory cells to the bit lines, the transistors are rendered conductive, and the parasitic capacitances of the bit lines are increased. To amplify data on a bit line using a sense amplifier, the transistors are rendered off and the parasitic capacitances of the bit lines are reduced.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop ciruit having two requency dividing circuits which are reset in response to reset signals. The reset signals are produced by second and third frequency divided signal generated by combining the divided frequency of a reference clock signal and an output signal from a voltage controlled oscillator. The phase-locked loop ciruit adjusts rapidly the frquency and the phase of the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator to correspond to that of the reference clock signal.

Abstract: In a system that divides data frames into blocks and codes at least some of the blocks by intra-frame coding, errors in decoding these blocks are concealed by two methods: replacement of the erroneous block by its DC component, and replacement of the erroneous block with data from the preceding frame. The selection between these two methods is made according to one or more of the following criteria: reliability of the DC value; motion-vector size; motion-vector change from the preceding frame; and whether intra-frame coding was selected or forced. These selection criteria improve the probability of successful error concealment.

Abstract: A seat has a backrest and a housing space to house a movable tray table in the backrest. The housing space is accessible from the posterior surface of the seat. The movable tray table is movable between a state of nonuse and a state of use. Advertising material is located in the housing space of the backrest and is viewable when the movable tray table is in a state of use by a person facing the posterior surface of the seat. The advertising material is viewable when the movable tray table is in a state of use and is not viewable and inaccessible when the movable tray table is in a state of nonuse.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory of the present invention comprises a memory cell which includes a select transistor whose control electrode, first electrode and second electrode are respectively connected to a word line, a bit line and a first node, a ferroelectric capacitor whose first electrode and second electrode are respectively connected to the first node and connected to a plate line through a second node, and a resistor connected between the first node and the second node.

Abstract: An echo canceller having an adaptive algorithm for canceling an echo signal comprises an adaptive filter, a renewal controller and an initial operation controller. The adaptive filter generates a pseudo echo signal by renewing tap coefficients based on a far-end input signal, a near-end input signal and a residual signal, the renewal controller determines a time average of a renewal amount for each tap coefficients and estimates an initial delay of the echo signal by detecting the time average indicating a maximum renewal amount. The initial operation controller operates the adaptive filter to perform an initial operation to eliminate the tap coefficients corresponding to the initial delay of the echo signal and to renew the remaining tap coefficients corresponding to the echo signal.

Abstract: An inventive method of forming a Ti film above an oxide material electrode in a semiconductor device involves forming a contact hole to an upper electrode and a lower electrode, forming a TiN film by a sputtering method, then remaining TiN film on the bottom of the contact when, by a lift off method, the other TiN film is removed. Forming of TiOx on the oxide material electrode and peeling can thereby be prevented. The bottom of the diffusion layer contact to a diffusion layer is formed by the multilayer metal of Ti film and Al film; a loose contact with a Si substrate can thereby be prevented.

Abstract: The wavelength of light modulated according to a modulating signal is monitored by generating criterion light having a stable wavelength, combining part of the modulated light with the criterion light, comparing the combined light with the modulating signal, and calculating an error rate indicating how frequently the combined light disagrees with the modulating signal. A high error rate indicates that the modulated light has the same wavelength as the criterion light, leading to interference when the two are combined. In a monitoring system, an alarm signal is output if the error rate is too low. In a wavelength stabilizing system, the wavelength of the modulated light is controlled so as to maximize the error rate.

Abstract: To remove the echo of a received signal from a local input signal, an echo canceler adaptively estimates the transfer characteristics of the echo path. When a double-talk condition is detected, the echo canceler reverses the adaptation process and returns to a set of estimated transfer characteristics that were in use before the double-talk condition began. Imperfect echo cancellation due to incorrect estimation caused by double-talk is thus prevented inexpensively.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a drift region in which a drift current flows if it is in the ON mode and which is depleted if it is in the OFF mode. The drift region is formed as a structure having a plurality of first conductive type divided drift regions and a plurality of second conductive type compartment regions in which each of the compartment regions is positioned among the adjacent drift regions in parallel to make p-n junctions, respectively.

Abstract: In an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, ATM cells received are classified to the queues appropriate to the service classes required by the ATM cells. The status registers manage the controlled delay of the ATM cells for the service classes and the queue length of the ATM cells which queue up in the queues. On the basis of the controlled delay and the queue length, the scheduler adaptively determines a weight, on the basis of which the ATM cells queuing up in the queues are to be forwarded to thereby effectively control the delay of ATM cells to be forwarded.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an impulse radio signal obtains a template pulse train and a received impulse radio signal. The system compares the template pulse train and the received impulse radio signal to obtain a comparison result. The system performs a threshold check on the comparison result. If the comparison result passes the threshold check, the system locks on the received impulse radio signal. The system may also perform a quick check, a sychronization check, and/or a command check of the impulse radio signal.

Abstract: A resonator-type SAW filter has a ladder network of SAW resonators with respective interdigital transducers and reflectors. Individual ground patterns are provided for each interdigital transducer and each reflector in the shunt-arm SAW resonators. These ground patterns are electrically isolated from one another, and are grounded through separate bonding wires or other conductors that couple the ground patterns to a ground lead. This independent grounding scheme is found to improve the attenuation characteristic of the filter on the low side of the passband.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for identifying an iris that can compare new identification code with registered identification code regardless of the slant of the face of a person to be identified because the identification code produced using a standard line does not influence the slant of the face of the person. The apparatus provides a photographing part, a standard line deriving part, an iris extracting part, a code producing part, a code registering part, and a comparison part. The photographing part photographs an area including both eyes. The standard line deriving part calculates a standard line passing through the center of both eyes. The iris extracting part extracts an iris area on the standard line by luminance distribution. The code producing part divides the iris area into a plurality of pieces, calculates a luminance for each piece and codes the luminance distribution of the pieces on the basis of the standard line.

Abstract: A slot array antenna includes a feed waveguide plate, a radiating waveguide plate and a slot plate adhered or connected together. The feed waveguide plate is formed with a first feed port and a feed waveguide to which an electromagnetic wave is fed via the feed port. The radiating waveguide plate is formed with second feed ports communicated to the feed waveguide, and radiating waveguides communicated to the second feed ports. The slot plate is formed with slots for radiating electromagnetic waves fed via the radiating waveguides. The first feed port is positioned substantially at the center of the length of the feed waveguide. The slot array antenna allows a polarization direction of the antenna to be freely adjusted while minimizing a wasteful space otherwise allotted to peripheral circuits and is therefore miniaturized.