Abstract: The present invention discloses a compact efficient exhaust handling device that is particularly advantageous for use with small two-stroke, piston-type internal combustion engines, which device provides both exhaust scavenging and charge densification in the cylinder of the engine by utilizing a first muffler section formed in a helical or wrapped configuration, and a muffler expansion chamber also formed in a wrapped configuration, and axially displaced from the first section.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes and apparatus for the efficient and rapid conversion of an elastomeric monomer to a polymerized elastomer, and conjointly, reaction of the resultant rubbery polymer into a monovinylaromatic polymerization reaction to form a rubber-modified polymer; and more specifically teaches a method of polymerizing butadiene and reacting it with styrene monomer to form a transparent rubber-modified impact-resistant polystyrene material exhibiting elastomer concentrations that range from as low as 6 weight percent or lower, to as high as about 50 percent.

Abstract: The application relates to a method for preparing a pigment concentrate which is suitable, in particular, for the preparation of a powder coating. The pigment concentrate is prepared by pigment particles being comminuted in the presence of an aqueous binder essentially consisting of a polyester having a glass transition temperature of at least 60 ° C. and an acid value of at least 60, to form a stable paste or suspension, the said paste or suspension formed being subjected to a drying treatment, and the pigment concentrate being collected. The binder used is preferably free of cosolvent, while expediently it is a resin having an acid value of at least 70 ° C. Preferably, no dispersant is used. By using a pigment concentrate formed according to the present method, a powder coating can be formed which no longer has a tinting strength reserve.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for dehydrogenating ethylbenzene into styrene which method and apparatus eliminate the need for multiple reactors and preheaters by providing a single compact reactor which utilizes the principle of ascending-heat thermal reactor by having an internal heat source such as gas heaters or electric elements.

Abstract: High-solids air-drying or semi-drying alkyd paints essentially comprise, as binder, a conventional air-drying or semi-drying long-oil or medium-oil alkyd resin, and as reactive diluent an oligomer of polyol, polyisocyanate and unsaturated fatty acids. Use of the oligomer as reactive diluent is also claimed.

Abstract: 2-trihalogenomethyl-3-halogeno-4-cyano pyrrole derivatives which are substituted in position 5 and optionally in position 1 are used as barnaclecide in antifouling paints, which can therefore be formulated as light- or bright-colored, particularly as bright white. The halogens in positions 2 and 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of florine, chlorine and bromine, preferably florine in position 2 and bromine in position 3. The substituent in position 5 is selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C1-8 monohalogenoalkyl, C5-6 cycloalkyl, C5-6 monohalogenocycloalkyl, benzyl, phenyl, mono- and di-halogeno-benzyl or -phenyl, mono- and di-C1-4 alkyl benzyl or phenyl, and monohalogeno mono-C1-4-alkyl benzyl or phenyl, the halogen being selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine, prefereably chlorine; the most preferred substituent in position 5 is parachlorophenyl.

Abstract: A process for eliminating color from vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene copolymers which process comprises treating the copolymers with a monocarboxylic acid having the general formula R--COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon radical comprising 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R further comprises linear or branched aliphatic radicals, cycloaliphatic radicals, alkenic radicals, aromatic radicals or alkylaromatic radicals.

Abstract: Powder compositions comprising about 5-15 wt % of PVdF-compatible thermoplastic resin, about 50-90 wt % of a thermosetting binder system, about 0-35 wt % of pigments and about 0-3 wt % of leveling agent are disclosed which are particularly suitable for use as primers with a later application of a pigmented PVdF-based top coating. Preferred compositions are based on an epoxy system containing about 8 wt % of PVdF or acrylic thermoplastic resin, 5-25 wt % of pigments and 0.7-1 wt % of leveling agent.

Abstract: An elastomer is blended with bitumen, an alkaline compound is then added which is soluble in the bitumen, and to this mixture is added 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a mixture of vulcanizing agents comprising elemental sulphur and a sulphur-containing derivative of the form: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl radicals or, together R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the formula ##STR2## and where M, which is optional, is Zn, Ba or Cu.

Abstract: Structured surfaces are generated in a coil coating line operating at least at 60 m/min by a process comprising the step of passing the wet layer of paint under a roll having a raised pattern on its surface that imparts a structure to the wet layer before heating to form a coating having a structured surface. The paint has a viscosity of 30 to 200 s (DIN 4 cup; DIN 53211).

Abstract: Sulphur-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks are desulphurized prior to being subjected to steam cracking in the presence of one or more thiohydrocarbons wherein the sulphur is part of aromatic heterocycles, preferably thiophene and/or benzothiophene. Optimum results are obtained in terms of the combination of reduced coking rate and reduced carbon monoxide formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bituminous compositions used for roofing and waterproofing membranes or material comprising asymmetrical linear polyvinyl aromatic-polydiene block copolymers having improved physical properties over broader ranges of service temperatures than those obtained from bituminous compositions prepared with symmetrical block copolymers of similar type.The asymmetry of the copolymer which is characterised by polyvinyl aromatic endblocks of at least two different molecular weights, one high and one low, ensures improved physical performance to roofing and waterproofing membranes made from such compositions.

Abstract: Aqueous multiphase dispersions for multicolor coatings are produced by a process essentially comprising the steps of:providing one or more emulsion paints;adding at least one linear colloid capable of being insolubilised by borate ions and at least one hydrophilic inorganic clay to said paints to form base paints;providing an aqueous medium containing at least one hydrophilic inorganic clay;adding said base paints into said aqueous medium;adding borate ions to said aqueous medium;adding at least one emulsified binder to said medium;each of the emulsion paints having a different color.It is preferred to use galactomannoglycans as colloid (most preferably guar gum) and synthetic clays (most preferably of the smectite or hectorite types).

Abstract: A process for dewaxing middle distillate petroleum products includes the steps of introducing a middle distillate petroleum fraction having a boiling point in the range of from about 160.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. into a reaction zone and contacting the middle distillate petroleum fraction in the reaction zone at temperatures of from about 500.degree. F. To about 700.degree. F. And pressures of from about 300 psig to about 2000 psig with a nickel-containing silicate catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a firearms safety system for adapting conventional handheld firearms to fire non-deadly simulated training ammunition, which system provides a series of gas relief ports and passages to prevent the successful firing of live ammunition in the firearm. The system can be advantageously utilized in modified M16 type military type rifles which have been previously adapted to fire pistol cartridges such as the 9 mm and .40 S&W calibers. The system is also particularly advantageous for use in handheld firearms such as pistols and revolvers, as well as in conventional long guns such as bolt action rifles, and all shotguns.

Abstract: Powder compositions comprising about 5-15 wt % of PVdF-compatible thermoplastic resin, about 50-90 wt % of a thermosetting binder system, about 0-35 wt % of pigments and about 0-3 wt % of leveling agent are disclosed which are particularly suitable for use as primers with a later application of a pigmented PVdF-based top coating. Preferred compositions are based on an epoxy system containing about 8 wt % of PVdF or acrylic thermoplastic resin, 5-25 wt % of pigments and 0.7-1 wt % of leveling agent.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a composition of matter consisting of a high impact polystyrene exhibiting improved environmental stress crack resistance. The HIPS material is formed utilizing polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and copolymers thereof with styrene, having a Mooney viscosity exceeding about 35 and a gel content of up to about 28%. The present invention discloses the use of a combination of lubricant additives to obtain a HIPS material with higher ESCR values than either additive alone could provide, and also discloses the optimum level of each additive.

Abstract: Bituminous compositions modified with self-adhesive cold-application polymers generally used for manufacturing of watertight panels, said compositions comprising a mixture containing a rubbery styrene-diene polymeric mixture, one or more tackifying resins, and bitumen.

Abstract: Medium-chain olefins containing as impurities 2-alkyl substituted isomers having a close boiling point are purified by (i) passing over a solid acid catalyst under mild conditions to selectively double-bond isomerise said impurities, and (ii) separating said isomerised olefins by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a firearms safety system for adapting conventional handheld firearms to fire non-deadly simulated training ammunition, which system provides a series of gas relief ports and passages to prevent the successful firing of live ammunition in the firearm. The system can be advantageously utilized in modified M16 type military type rifles which have been previously adapted to fire pistol cartridges such as the 9 mm and .40 S&W calibers.