Abstract: A power meter assembly for enclosure within an electrical wiring raceway comprises a power meter affixed to a mounting plate. The mounting plate is of an arbitrary width down the length of the raceway. The mounting plate includes tabs for attachment to the raceway, facing away from the user, towards the raceway opening. The power meter provides typical electrical power information for viewing by a user, and may include buttons or other mechanisms to enable the user to select a desired data presentation.

Abstract: A power converter circuit senses the output voltage (Vo) and controls the converter's duty cycle (d1) to provide a steady output current (Io) or input power (Pin) in each switching cycle (T). During an initial period (Tramp), the controller provides a possibly smaller target current (Iramp) to reduce the system stress while the output voltage rises to a suitable value (InitVtar).

Abstract: A voltage signal is monitored in comparison to another voltage signal by a differential amplifier. When the first voltage signal value drops below the second voltage signal value an output signal is boosted in response. The output signal returns to a previous state without boost.

Abstract: A controller box comprises an array of switches for arbitrarily connecting loads to any selected power phase of a polyphase supply circuit. By evenly balancing the loads amongst the phases the efficiency of the total power delivered is thereby improved.

Abstract: A method for controlling the plasma etching of semiconductor wafers determines the impedance of a plasma chamber using values representing voltage, current, and the phase angle between them, as provided by a sensor. All or less than all of the data during a first time period may be used to calculate a model. During a second time period, real time data is used to calculate a version of the instant impedance of the chamber. This version of impendence is compared to a time-projected version of the model. The method determines that etching should be stopped when the received data deviates from the extrapolated model by a certain amount. In some embodiments a rolling average is used in the second time period, the rolling average compared to the model to determine the end point condition.

Abstract: A base unit is mechanically connected to the structure of a first electronic device. The base unit is round and includes conductive threads around the inside surface of an outer ring. The base unit may also include a center threaded post with conductive threads. The first electronic device is electrically connected to the base unit. A replaceable unit is sized such that it may screw into the base unit, the replaceable unit including matching threads which engage with the threads of the base unit. The threads of the replaceable unit are also electrically conductive, and are electrically connected to a second electronic device which is encapsulated within the replaceable unit. When the two pieces are screwed together the two electronic devices are thereby electrically connected. The first electronic device may be a solar panel. Another version of the invention does not include electrical connections.

Abstract: A direct current to pulse amplitude modulated (“PAM”) current converter, denominated a “PAMCC”, is connected to an individual source of direct current. The PAMCC receives direct current and provides pulse amplitude modulated current at its output. The pulses are produced at a high frequency relative to the signal modulated on a sequence of pulses. The signal modulated onto a sequence of pulses may represent portions of a lower frequency sine wave or other lower frequency waveform, including DC.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for performing analog to digital signal conversion in shorter time and/or with less power consumption. A predictive guess is supplied as a digital first signal. The digital first signal is converted (D/A) to a counterpart, analog guess signal. A comparison is made between the analog guess signal and a received, analog input sample signal. The result of the comparison is used to improve on the initially supplied guess in a next cycle. Fewer cycles and less power is consumed if the initial guess is within a certain range of the actual magnitude of the analog input sample signal.

Abstract: Electrical components which substantially dissipate the power provided them in the form of heat will change temperature in response to self heating, heat transfer to their surroundings, and heat transferred from one component to another. A method is disclosed for calculating the temperature of a component(s) using a thermal model. In one embodiment the power dissipation of each component is controlled to limit the temperature of the component. In one embodiment the temperature of a component is modified by changing the power dissipation of another component. In some embodiments the power dissipation of a component is modified by modifying its performance. In another embodiment power dissipation is modified by selecting one or more programs for modified execution.

Abstract: A synchronous control system includes a logic controller (e.g., microprocessor) which can be put into low power standby or sleep mode by shutting off its clock. A quick-start oscillator (QSO) remains shut off to conserve power when not needed, but awakens rapidly and supplies clock signals to the logic controller for quickly awakening the controller so the latter can to respond to exigent circumstances. One such circumstance can be the drop of a vital supply voltage below a predefined threshold. A low power comparator (LPTC) detects the drop and starts up the QSO which in turn awakens the controller. The controller determines what the reason for the awakening is, quickly responds to the exigent circumstance and then turns the QSO off to thereby conserve power and put itself (QSO) back to sleep. Disclosures are provided for the QSO and a first calibration subsystem used to maintain QSO output frequency within a desired range.

Abstract: A method for charging a battery is disclosed, wherein a constant current charging current is periodically adjusted as needed such that the change in battery voltage increases approximately linearly during the charging period. In some embodiments the charging is in three phases. An optional first phase charges with a low current until the battery voltages rises to a certain minimum. During a second phase a constant current is provided while the battery voltage is monitored. The second phase constant current is periodically increased if the rate of change of battery voltage is less than a predetermined value and is decreased if the rate of change of battery voltage is more than the predetermined value. When the battery voltage attains a predetermined value, a third phase begins wherein a constant voltage is applied to the battery while the battery current draw is periodically monitored.

Abstract: Methods and devices perform analog to digital signal conversion in shorter time and/or with less power consumption than that of a comparable analog to digital conversion that uses a conventional sequential approximation method based on a binary search. A predictive guess is supplied as a digital first signal. The digital first signal is converted (D/A) to a counterpart, analog guess signal. Fewer cycles and less power is consumed if the initial guess is within a certain range of the actual magnitude of the analog input sample signal. In one embodiment, a digital modeler is used to model a process underlying the analog input sample signal to thereby provide fairly good guesses.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed comprising a suite of sensors for measuring instant static and dynamic pressure and the speed and acceleration of a vehicle, such as a bicycle. A microprocessor receives data from the sensors and calculates power expended by the rider or other power source by finding the total of all forces impinging upon the vehicle and rider, thereafter multiplying by the speed of the ground vehicle. In some embodiments accuracy is improved by calibration techniques, user input of data, or temperature compensation of certain factors. Other data, such as wind speed, distance traveled, altitude, or surface grade may be presented to the user. In one embodiment data is stored for later analysis.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed comprising a suite of sensors for measuring instant static and dynamic pressure and the speed and acceleration of a vehicle, such as a bicycle. A microprocessor receives data from the sensors and calculates power expended by the rider or other power source by finding the total of all forces impinging upon the vehicle and rider, thereafter multiplying by the speed of the ground vehicle. In some embodiments accuracy is improved by calibration techniques, user input of data, or temperature compensation of certain factors. Other data, such as wind speed, distance traveled, altitude, or surface grade may be presented to the user. In one embodiment data is stored for later analysis.

Abstract: A storage means holds a quantity of golf balls for automatic placement upon a tee. An gating mechanism releases a single ball to roll by gravity power to a ball holder. Upon activation by the user an extendable arm causes the ball holder to be positioned over the tee, then the extendable arm rotates downwardly, leaving the ball upon the tee. A sensor signals a controller to reverse a motor, retracting the extendable arm fully. Upon full retraction a next golf ball is released to the ball holder. The user activates a new cycle by placing a golf club head in the vicinity of the invention. The invention may be battery powered and is small enough to be used anywhere.