Abstract: The invention relates to a method of transmitting data on an ISDN subscriber line having a data channel (D16) and two or more voice- or data-carrying channels (B64), using the data channel.

Abstract: The rotation speed of an electric motor (9) is controlled by a controller (6) which receives its setpoint from a characteristic function (23). The characteristic function (23) calculates a setpoint for the controller (6) on the basis of an originally analog variable A (2) that is converted to digital by an A/D converter AD (10), with the aid of support values of a “MEM+DATA” characteristic that are stored in a memory (4); those values not predefined by the support values are calculated by interpolation.

Abstract: An improved method, for obtaining a datum concerning the rotation speed (n) of a rotating object, such as a motor rotor (32), offers high precision. Typically, the motor has a sensor (61) which supplies a sensor signal that has, for each revolution of the rotor, a plurality A of events such as pulses or pulse edges which are counted by a microprocessor (23) associated with the motor. In order to keep the computation load on the microprocessor from increasing as the rotor speed increases, yet maintain high precision, the measurement is done over a full rotation of the rotor, starts at a first signal event (176), and ends after a third or nth signal event (182) which happens at the same rotational position as the first signal event.

Abstract: A watchdog circuit for a microprocessor which has a reset input and a control output, which output, when operation is normal, periodically delivers, under program control, a signal (P0B2) of predefined duration (t1); and having a capacitor (32) that can be charged via a charging circuit; having a discharging circuit (40, 42), controlled by the control output, for said capacitor (32), for periodic discharge thereof during the predefined duration (t1); the charging circuit and discharging circuit being adapted to the program sequence of the microprocessor such that when the microprocessor is operating normally, charging of the capacitor via the charging circuit corresponds respectively to discharge thereof via the discharging circuit; so that the voltage at said capacitor rises and falls within a predefined voltage range; and having an apparatus (30), for monitoring the charge state of said capacitor (32), which, in the presence of a charge state thereof that does not occur in normal operation, effects a reset

Abstract: An electronically commutated direct-current motor has a permanent-magnet rotor (19), a stator (2) that has at least one drive winding (25), and an H-bridge circuit (52) in which two bridge elements are configured as transistors (54, 56) and the other two bridge elements as resistors (58, 60), the drive winding (25) being arranged on the diagonal of said H-bridge circuit (52); and it has a commutation circuit for alternate activation and deactivation of the two transistors (54, 56) of the H-bridge circuit (52). The motor operates quietly and with unusual reliability, and is well adapted for driving a fan.

Abstract: In an electronically commutated motor, both the driving current (i2) and the braking current (i2′) are monitored. When excessive driving current occurs, a pulse duty factor which regulates the current is reduced. When excessive braking current occurs, this pulse duty factor is increased. For this purpose, an analog circuit with two current limiting members is disclosed, as well as a circuit in which these functions are implemented by software in a microcontroller, so that current measurement can be dispensed with. Finally, a combination of these features is disclosed, in which hardware current limitation and software current limitation work together.

Abstract: An electronically commutated motor (4) has a permanent-magnet rotor (28) and has a stator (14) that has two winding phases (25, 26). During one rotor rotation of 360° el., firstly current is delivered to the one winding phase (25) within a first rotation angle range via an associated first semiconductor switch (68); and within a subsequent second rotation angle range, current is delivered to the other winding phase (26) via an associated second semiconductor switch (70). The motor further has a commutation apparatus for alternatingly switching ON the first semiconductor switch (68) and the second semiconductor switch (70).

Abstract: An electronically commutated motor (4) has a stator (14) with two winding phases (25, 26) which are alternatingly supplied with current during one rotor rotation through 360° cl. The motor also has a permanent-magnet rotor (28) which, when the motor (4) is currentless, assumes at least one predefined rotational position from which the rotor starts in a desired rotation direction upon excitation of a predefined winding phase. A bistable multivibrator (64), which is controlled by the voltage that is induced by the rotor in the instantaneously currentless winding phase, is provided for alternatingly switching on the two winding phases. The bistable multivibrator (64) has an electrical preferred position (92) that it assumes when the motor (4) is switched on, in order to supply power, during the switching-on operation, to the predefined winding phase and thereby to allow the rotor to start in the desired rotation direction.

Abstract: With the method acoustic signals, e.g. in hearing aids, are processed in loudness-controlled manner in such a way that the loudness subjectively received by the hearing impaired person again always corresponds to the loudness received by listeners with normal hearing. Signal processing takes place without Fourier transformation and without subdivision of the signal into subband signals in iterative manner and completely in the time domain. This eliminates the disadvantage of unacceptably long signal delay times of known methods and permits a practical use. The apparatus for performing the method contains a processing stage (4) for the iterative calculation of a loudness-characteristic control quantity (&psgr;) and a correcting filter stage (7) controlled in time-dependent manner therewith.

Abstract: A Hybrid Fiber-Coax [HFC] telecommunication system including several modulation devices (MC1-MCn) and a combiner device (CSN) coupled thereto. The modulation devices provide modulated telecommunication signals under the form of output currents that are applied to the combiner device that is further connected to a coaxial cable (COAX) for transmitting thereon these modulated signals in predetermined frequency channels according to the Frequency Division Multiple Access [FDMA] structure. The invention comprises in operating the combiner device as a current-mode summing node instead as of a voltage-mode summing node. As a result, the implementation is relatively easy, because a current summing node may be just a single junction point, and its linearity is thus obviously high.

Abstract: A communication terminal (MT) is equipped with a first communication unit (KOM1) for communicating with radio network base stations (DECTS) via a first radio interface (RI1), and with a second communication unit (KOM2) for communicating with a mobile radio network (MN) via a second radio interface (RI2). The terminal (MT) determines whether it has moved into the range covered by the radio network base stations. If it has moved into the range (RADECT) covered by a selected radio network base station (DECTS), it initiates a switch-over of the network-side routing of connection requests which are directed to the terminal (MT), and routes them via the selected radio network base station (DECTS). The initiation of the switch-over takes place by signalling the mobile radio network (MN).

Abstract: An electronically commutated motor has at least two winding phases (112, 114) which are wound together or otherwise inductively coupled. Current in each phase is controlled by a respective power transistor (124, 128). An integrated circuit controller (146) receives signals from a Hall sensor (118) and generates rotor position output signals (OUT1, OUT2) which are oppositely phased and are applied to the bases of the respective power transistors (124, 128) so that the power transistors never both conduct at the same time. Further, a pair of latching transistors (162, 172) and a pair of base drain resistors (164, 174), connected to respective bases of the power transistors (124, 128) are provided, in order to assure “soft” switching of the power transistors at low RPM, yet prompter switching and higher efficiency at high RPM. These additional components also ensure a sufficiently long current gap between switch-off of one power transistor and switch-on of the other power transistor.

Abstract: An electronically commutated claw pole motor has an external rotor (42) with a shaft (40) and a rotor magnet (62). The claw pole motor contains a stator (64) which has a first soft ferromagnetic stator pole piece (74) located on its side facing away from the external rotor (42). The stator pole piece is provided with first claw poles (82, 84) projecting toward the external rotor (42). The stator has a second soft ferromagnetic stator pole piece (76) located on its side facing the external rotor (42). The second soft ferromagnetic pole piece is provided with second claw poles (88, 90) extending from the external rotor (42) and having a larger axial extension (h2) than the first claw poles (82, 84) and projecting into gaps (92) between the first claw poles (82, 84). An axial bearing (44, 46) supports the end (44) of the shaft (40) which faces away from the external rotor (42).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of setting and performing freely programmable functions of a telecommunications terminal (U) with function control keys (KB) and a control unit (Ctrl) for initiating functions which are selected by actuating the function control keys, and with an access unit (UIC) providing access to the telecommunications network (N), wherein for the purpose of setting or performing a function, a connection is established between the control unit and a service unit (S1, S2) via the access unit, and wherein the setting or performance of the function takes place from this service unit, and to a telecommunications terminal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an injection device (10) having a housing (15) and an injection fluid container (12) which can move, in relation to this housing, between a distal and proximal end position, and also having a pushrod (14) to act on a plunger (23) in this container (12) for the purpose of expelling fluid from the container. A drive connection (27) is provided between the pushrod (14) and the container (12) and, in the distal end position of the container, this drive connection is effective in both the proximal and the distal direction, but in the proximal end position of the container (12), it is only effective when the pushrod (14) is moved in the distal direction.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for transmitting data packets in wide area networks (WAN) by way of a synchronous digital data transmission network (SDH), wherein the data packets are packed into synchronous transport modules (STM-N) and are transmitted by way of virtual connections formed by subunits of synchronous transport modules of the same size. The virtual connections are entered into an address table and an evaluation of the target address of the data packets takes place in one of the network elements of the synchronous digital data transmission network. On the basis of the address table and the target address, at least for a part of the data packets, a decision is made by at least one of the network elements of the synchronous digital data transmission network as to which one of the virtual connections is used to transmit this data packet. Furthermore, a network element is disclosed, which operates in accordance with the transmission method.

Abstract: An injection device has a housing (112,116) wherein there is a longitudinally movable expressing member (186) for expressing an injection fluid from a fluid container (118). In order to displace the expressing member (186) longitudinally within the housing, an actuating member (170, 172) is associated therewith. The actuating member is displaceable between a proximal end position and a distal end position. Between the actuating member (170, 172) and the expressing member (186), a position-dependent connecting device (166″, 167″, 198, 210, 212) is provided, which is disabled in the distal end position of the actuating member (170, 172) and is enabled in a position range adjacent to the distal end position of the actuating member (170, 172) including its proximal end position. One thus obtains an injection device which is simple to operate, and which is especially adapted to permit a patient to repeatedly administer the same constant injection dose.

Abstract: A requesting terminal signals a call request (CALL) to a control unit of a first communications network. The control unit then determines whether sufficient capacity is available in the first communications network to establish the connection requested by the call request. In the event of insufficient capacity, the control unit transmits an overload message (DAT) to the requesting terminal. It only initiates an alternative establishment of the requested connection via another, second communications network after it receives an acknowledge message (ACK) issued by the requesting terminal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a needle arrangement for an injection device (16). It has a hollow needle carrier (10) on which a hollow needle (12) is mounted and which is configured for mounting on the injection device (16). The arrangement has a cap (32) which is displaceable on the hollow needle carrier (10) approximately parallel to the longitudinal extension of the hollow needle (12), is equipped at its proximal end segment with a passthrough opening (42) for the hollow needle (12), and in its proximal end position substantially conceals the hollow needle (12). A compression spring (26) is arranged between the hollow needle carrier (10) and cap (32) in order to displace the cap (32) into its proximal end position. Also provided is a covering cap (66) which surrounds the displaceable cap (32), the hollow needle (12), and the hollow needle carrier (10), and is sealed on its open side by a sealing member (71) that is removable by the user. A needle arrangement of this kind can easily be replaced after an injection.

Abstract: A method of establishing logical connections in a synchronous communications network (SDH) comprising a plurality of at least partially interconnected network elements (NE1, NEn; CC1-CC3) and designed for the transmission of data packets containing a destination address involves monitoring destination addresses of the data packets to be transmitted, determining the traffic volume between the individual network elements (NE1, NEn; CC1-CC3) with the aid of the destination addresses, and determining an optimized configuration of logical connections based on the traffic volume and existing logical connections. In this manner, the communications network is adapted to the current traffic situation, and the transmission capacities of the network are utilized in the best possible manner. The monitoring is advantageously done in at least part of the network elements, while the determination of the traffic volume and the optimized configuration is performed by a central management system (TMN).