Abstract: Analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F in which the C.sub.13 -C.sub.20 chain of the natural prostaglandins is replaced by a cycloalkenyl or a hydroxycycloalkenyl moiety such that vinylene radical and the hydroxyl group of the ring respectively retain their natural sequential positions at C.sub.13 -C.sub.14 and C.sub.15, inhibit aggregation of platelets in vitro and exhibit useful cardiovascular activity in vivo.

Abstract: Analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F in which the C.sub.13 -C.sub.20 chain of the natural prostaglandins is replaced by a cycloalkenyl or a hydroxycycloalkenyl moiety such that vinylene radical and the hydroxyl group of the ring respectively retain their natural sequential positions at C.sub.13 -C.sub.14 and C.sub.15, inhibit aggregation of platelets in vitro and exhibit useful cardiovascular activity in vivo.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene, or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methine; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper (I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methine; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper(I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Disclosed are prostaglandin analogues having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which: T is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or cyano;M is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymethylene;L is selected from the group consisting of methylene or methine, provided L is methine only if J is methine;J is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, R-hydroxymethylene, S-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided J is methine only if L is methine;W is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms; T.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or phenyl, provided T.sub.1 is phenyl only if T.sub.2 is lower alkyl;T.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl or lower alkyl, provided T.sub.2 is lower alkyl only if T.sub.1 is phenyl;Or T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are joined together to form an alkylene group of 4 or 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are prostaglandin analogues having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which: T is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or cyano;M is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymetylene;L is selected from the group consisting of methylene or methine, provided L is methine only if J is methine;J is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, R-hydroxymethylene, S-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided J is methine only if L is methine;W is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms; T.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or phenyl, provided T.sub.1 is phenyl only if T.sub.2 is lower alkyl;T.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl or lower alkyl, provided T.sub.2 is lower alkyl only if T.sub.1 is phenyl;Or T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are joined together to form an alkylene group of 4 or 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are prostaglandin analogues having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which: T is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or cyano;M is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymethylene;L is selected from the group consisting of methylene or methine, provided L is methine only if J is methine;J is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, R-hydroxymethylene, S-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided J is methine only if L is methine;W is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms; T.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or phenyl, provided T.sub.1 is phenyl only if T.sub.2 is lower alkyl;T.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl or lower alkyl, provided T.sub.2 is lower alkyl only if T.sub.1 is phenyl; orT.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are joined together to form an alkylene group of 4 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene, or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methine; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper(I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene, or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methine; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper (I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene, or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methin; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper(I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Disclosed are prostaglandin analogues having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which: T is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or cyano;M is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymethylene;L is selected from the group consisting of methylene or methine, provided L is methine only if J is methine;J is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, R-hydroxymethylene, S-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided J is methine only if L is methine;W is selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 --CH-- or trans --CH.dbd.C--;T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms;T.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or phenyl, provided T.sub.1 is phenyl only if T.sub.2 is lower alkyl;T.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl or lower alkyl, provided T.sub.2 is lower alkyl only if T.sub.1 is phenyl;Or T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are joined together to form an alkylene group of 4 or 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Synthesis of 5-substituted tetrazoles via reaction of an organic nitrile with azide anion is improved by performing the reaction in an amine as solvent and in the presence of an acid-addition salt of the amine as catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are prostaglandin analogues having the structural formula, ##STR1## in which: T is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or cyano;M is selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, R-hydroxymethylene or S-hydroxymethylene;L is selected from the group consisting of methylene or methine, provided L is methine only if J is methine;J is selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, R-hydroxymethylene, S-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided J is methine only if L is methine;W is selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 --CH-- or trans --CH.dbd.C--;T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are attached to adjacent carbon atoms;T.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or phenyl, provided T.sub.1 is phenyl only if T.sub.2 is lower alkyl;T.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of n-pentyl or lower alkyl, provided T.sub.2 is lower alkyl only if T.sub.1 is phenyl;Or T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are joined together to form an alkylene group of 4 or 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Depentyl analogues of prostaglandins A, E, and F having no C-16 to C-20 carbon atoms. The analogues correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein: L is methylene, ethylene, or trimethylene;K is ethylene or cis-vinylene;M is carbonyl, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene, or .beta.-hydroxymethylene;N is methylene or methine, provided that N is methine only if P is methine and M is carbonyl;P is methylene, ethylene, .alpha.-hydroxymethylene or methine, provided that P is methine only if N is methine; and,R is carboxyl; hydroxymethylene, alkoxycarbonyl, the alkyl portion of said alkoxycarbonyl being a lower alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable non-toxic carboxy salt.The analogues are prepared by first converting a trans-1-iodo-3-alkoxy-1-propene to the corresponding lithio compound. This lithio compound then combines with the hexamethylphosphorous triamide complex of copper (I) pentyne to give an alkenylcopper species.

Abstract: Analogues of prostaglandins E and F, in which the C.sub.15 hydroxyl group is incorporated into a cycloalkylidene moiety, stimulate smooth muscle.

Abstract: Reaction of a 2-methyl-2-(alkenyl)-1,3-dioxolane with an .alpha.,.omega.-dihalogenoalkane to obtain a 2-methyl-2-(.omega.-chloroalkynyl)-dioxolane, conversion of the latter to a corresponding nitrile, and hydrolysis of the nitrile to form a ketoalkynoic acid is a novel process for preparing the acid.Use of the process in the synthesis of 2-(substituted)-cyclopentane-1,3,4-triones improves that synthesis.

Abstract: The reaction of thebaine or dihydrothebaine-.phi. with potassium in liquid ammonia respectively in the absence or presence of catalyst yields .beta.-dihydrothebaine.

Abstract: Administration of a therapeutically effective dose of 15(S)-1,11.alpha.,15.alpha.-trihydroxy-9-oxo-13-trans-prostene (1-decarboxy-1-hydroxymethyl-PGE.sub.1) produces bronchodilation in an individual in whom that therapy is indicated.

Abstract: 3-substituted-5,5-diphenylhydantoin derivatives in which the 5,5-diphenylhydantoin moiety is attached at C.sub.3 by a loweralkylene bridge to a 4-phenyl-1-piperidyl, 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-piperidyl, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl, 4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl, or loweralkylamino group are useful in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in mammals. One or both of the 5,5-diphenyl substituents optionally can be substituted in the ortho-, meta-, or para-positions with halogeno, lowerakyl, loweralkoxy, amino or nitro groups.

Abstract: This invention relates to chemical conjugates of acid polysaccharides and biochemically active complex organic molecules and particularly to such conjugates which are capable of forming soluble sodium salts and insoluble calcium salts.