Abstract: The detection device comprises at least two electrically conductive elements (2, 4) arranged outside the refractory brick (1), at least one (4) of the two conductive elements from the rear face of the brick to a predetermined distance from the front face, in contact with the liquid metal, and the two conductive elements being connected to an electrical detection circuit (8, 9), in such a way that when the wear of the brick (1) reaches the end of the conductive element (4) the two conductive elements (2, 4) are put into contact with one another by the liquid metal, and this can be detected on the indicator instrument (9).The invention is used especially in steel metallurgy.

Abstract: An automatic guidance device for an electrically driven vehicle inductively coupled by a power receiver core to a roadway core connected to power source. The device which is attached to the power receiver core or to a ferrous bar connected to the underside of the vehicle comprises at least two sensor coils equally spaced from the midpoint of the power receiver core which is on the vehicle centerline. End portions of the vehicle core or bar which extend beyond the coils comprises magnetic poles which receive flux from the roadway inductor. Flux through the coils produces voltages which vary in proportion to their distance from the roadway inductor centerline and are compared to produce error signals used to control a steering servo on the vehicle. In event of roadway power failure a circuit is provided to enable the utilization of battery power to produce sufficient flux to maintain the production of error signals and thus steering control.

Abstract: A method and the product resulting from the method, for making a microminiature structure with two or more members measuring less than 1000 micrometers in any linear dimension and relatively movable to each other, comprising the steps of (a) providing a first sacrificial coating over a substrate having openings therethrough to expose a portion of the substrate, (b) depositing a first structural layer over the first sacrificial coating and the exposed portion of the substrate, with openings therethrough to expose a second portion of the substrate, (c) providing a second sacrificial coating over the second exposed portion of the substrate and said first structural layer, with openings through both the first and second sacrificial layers to expose a third portion of the substrate, (d) adding a second structural layer thereover and defining it, (e) possibly adding alternately other sacrificial coatings and other structural layers, and (f) etching the first and second and other sacrificial layers to remove them co

Abstract: A device for use in combination with a plate-type liquid filter apparatus for extracting sheets of filter media from between adjacent plates is disclosed. The device comprises a series of horizontal trays connected to a frame and adapted to support sheets of filter media extending from an adjacent multi-plate filter apparatus. A contact bar is provided for and extends transversely to each sheet. All contact bars are connected at their opposite ends to a pair of vertical drive bars which are attached to drive chains that move the drive bars in a generally rectangular path so that the contact bars are first moved downward in unison to make frictional contact with the media sheets, then forwardly to move the sheets along on their support trays, then upwardly out of contact and back to the starting point on each extraction cycle.

Abstract: A buffered glass ionomer cement for dental use, including in combination, a mixture of a fine particle, 5-10 microns, powder consisting essentially by weight of______________________________________ silica 20-30% boron oxide 1-10% aluminum oxide 10-20% aluminum fluoride 1-10% calcium fluoride 30-40% phosphorus pentoxide 1-5% ammonium fluoride 1-10% ______________________________________plus five to twenty percent of the weight of the above of zinc oxide and zero to ten percent of titanium dioxide,anda liquid component comprising, by weight polyacrylic acid of low molecular weight, 40% solution in water--100-80% by weight, d-tartaric acid--0-20%. The powder and the liquid component are mixed together in a ratio of from 1:1 to 5:3 by weight.

Abstract: An internally lined food storage bag useful in the storage of moisture-retentive foods such as fruits and vegetables. The storage bag comprises a hand-closed water-impermeable outer bag containing an absorbent inner bag. The inner bag is made of water absorbent paper or paper-like material attached at the bottom and in small areas (i.e., spots) only part of the way up the interior of the outer bag, thereby enabling separate closure.

Abstract: An optical encoding system for determining the absolute and the incremental positions of a movable member relative to a stationary member. For example, three stationary light sources may be supported by the stationary member for emitting three narrow light beams on respective paths. An encoding band may be supported by the movable member in the paths of the light beams. The band has a timing and incremental encoding track comprising at least one series of alternating light-blocking stripes and light-passing stripes, and a data track comprising a series of absolute position tags alternating with spacers, each tag being framed by start bits. A read head may be supported by the stationary member and has three optical sensors, one for each light beam, two preferably in quadrature with each other for the timing and incremental encoding track, and one for the data track. Each optical sensor includes light sensors for generating an analog signal voltage.

Abstract: In order to protect free surfaces, especially steel surfaces against corrosion, a water layer is applied thereto, binding it to the surface by means of a gel-forming hydrophilic material which is essentially insoluble in water. The hydrophilic material is preferably a polymer or an inorganic, gel-forming composition. The method may be used for protection of offshore constructions, ships, the ballast tanks of ships, iron and steel pipelines, and the like. It may also be used to coat the interior of asbestos cement pipe to prevent asbestos pollution of a liquid to be conducted by the pipe.

Abstract: A controllable tailgate compatible with conventional rearward tilting dump trucks is attached at its uppermost corners to the upper end of two rear corner truck bed posts and pivots from a closed position to an open position enabling the discharge of material through an opening between the bottom of the tailgate and outer edge of the truck bed. The dump truck can be manufactured to accommodate the controllable tailgate or the truck bed can be modified by adding both a truck bed floor and two truck bed side-extension panels to match the truck bed to the tailgate. One or more movable gates are connected to the lower exterior of the tailgate across its width and are controllable from within the cab of the dump truck. The gates are moved to close the opening between the tailgate and truck bed when the dump truck is tilted rearward and the tailgate is in an open, unloading configuration. The gates serve to control the discharge of material from the dump truck.

Abstract: A shock protective device for use with a carton for shipping shock sensitive products. The device comprises a foldable padded insert which fits inside the carton. The insert folds over and surrounds the product to be shipped with a first group of interior blocks of shock absorbing material attached to one face thereof. A second group of exterior blocks of shock absorbing material are attached to the opposite face of the insert which hold the insert in place within the carton. The exterior blocks are vertically aligned with the interior blocks when the insert is folded over a product to be shipped to preclude squashing of the device within the carton during shipment. The exterior blocks absorb shock transmitted to the carton and the interior blocks absorb any shock transmitted to the insert within the carton.

Abstract: A tapping sleeve or service clamp has first and second semi-cylindrical sleeve members that fit around a pipe having a side opening, one sleeve member with a fixed side branch which is aligned with said opening. The sleeve member has lug members at opposite ends which are drawn together by bolts. The sleeve member with the side branch has a first inner liner gasket having end portions extending well beyond its straight end edges that are fully tapered to a feather edge and armour strips that located under the lugs when the sleeve members are around the pipe. A second inner liner gasket is provided for the second sleeve member and has tapered end portions that terminate at opposite straight end edges of the second sleeve member with a substantial thickness only somewhat less than the nominal thickness of the second gasket.

Abstract: An orthodontic appliance for correcting an overbite or underbite condition is disclosed. The appliance comprises one or a pair of flexible members which are attached at opposite ends to the upper and lower jaws of a patient. The end attachments allow the members to swivel freely and the members to bend when the patient is chewing, talking or cleaning his or her teeth, but when the patient is relaxed, the appliance members tend to straighten and apply a small but continuous force generally along the normal growth direction for a human jaw to overcome the abnormality being treated.

Abstract: A pressure vessel and a method for distributing the stresses in a thick-walled high-pressure vessel, so that they lie within allowable limits, by constructing the wall in a series of generally concentric layers, at least one intermediate layer of which is to be constructed before the other layers. The intermediate layer is constructed above a base, resting on it through a sliding joint. Then it is placed under an external prestressing pressure. Thereafter, that layer is secured to the base by a rigid concrete connection. The remaining layers of the wall are then constructed and are subjected to an external prestressing pressure. Preferably, stress-relieving slots are applied to the innermost layer, during its construction.

Abstract: A flexible, elastic glove for medical use has multiple layers, wherein each outermost layer is removable after use and can be discarded. The glove is formed by coating a hand mold with elastomeric material and thereafter applying a protective film including a release agent and then repeating the process to form a desired number of additional, contiguous but separable glove layers. In use, the outermost layer can be stripped away when contaminated to expose the next clean layer, so that the multi-layer glove serves to reduce the number of infections caused by cross contamination of organisms medical procedures.

Abstract: A combustion control system for an automotive engine in a vehicle. A sidestream exhaust gas tube has a scoop inlet in the engine's exhaust-gas conduit. A first metallic tube portion leads from the scoop to a point forward of the vehicle's radiator, so that it directly receives ambient air on its exterior surface, thereby cooling the exhaust gas to near ambient-temperature. A water trap then removes condensed water from the sidestream exhaust gas, along with entrained particles. A final insulating tube portion extends rearwardly of the radiator and helps to limit reheating of the cooled exhaust gas while conducting it to a reactor device. There, an inlet for the exhaust gas receives the cooled exhaust gas and conducts it to first ejector for drawing in aqueous liquid and to a second ejector for drawing in atmospheric air and mixing it with the gas-liquid mixture from the first ejector.