Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing defective railroad ties from the right-of-way in one piece and without disturbing the elevation, cross-level and line, of a track system. The method is carried out by first removing the tie plates from an individual tie to be replaced; forming a trench underneath the tie by the use of laterally directed scarifiers while retaining the tie in its normal position and restraining the tie against movement longitudinally of the track system so as to displace ballast material from underneath the tie to the next adjacent crib; applying a downward force to the top of the tie to be removed; and withdrawing the tie from one or the other end.

Abstract: A liquid chemical treatment measuring device as for metering treated chemicals for agricultural seeds. A housing containing a disc-like rotor sandwiched between stationary discs or headers, there being flat faces between the rotary disc and the stationary headers or discs. A rotary disc has a multiplicity of measuring chambers extending endways through its thickness. The stationary discs have supply and recirculation manifold grooves opposite each other and confronting the measuring chambers of the revolving disc, and also an inlet port and an overflow port producing continuous flushing of the measuring chambers and supply and recirculation grooves. The stationary discs or headers also have discharge and relief manifold grooves opposite each other and draining the liquid chemical treatment from the measuring chambers of the revolving rotor and supplying air into the chambers to allow rapid draining.

Abstract: In a specific embodiment a cam unit comprised of three differently profiled cams acts on follower portions or working surfaces on a shiftable first rocker arm to cause a second rocker arm to open and close a valve associated with the combustion chamber or cylinder of an internal combustion engine in accordance with the cam profiles and the contours of the follower surfaces to (1) maintain the valve completely closed, such as during engine deceleration, (2) vary the valve duration and produce a lesser valve lift to effect an engine throttling mode of operation, and (3) vary the valve duration and produce a greater valve lift for a higher engine performance.

Abstract: Container for pictures, especially for photopositives, which is constructed to be at the same time a stand-up or hanging frame or a component of an archive. The container has centering elements by means of which the uppermost picture of a stored pile is completely visible in the viewing window.

Abstract: A holographic optical element is formed by subdividing the surface of a relatively thick dichromated gelatin film into numerous small areas so as to provide a corresponding number of volume facets therebeneath. Each facet is individually exposed with coherent waves, either planar or spherical, so as to record a desired interference pattern within that particular facet. By constructing each facet individually, a volume hologram is created containing an arbitrarily specified complete fringe pattern which will cause a readout beam to be deflected along a desired scan path, or a hologram can be produced which will provide a wavefront transformation when illuminated with an expanded laser beam so as to display a complete image with 100% optical efficiency.

Abstract: A sealed, internally lubricated rotary roller drill bit for drilling hard earth formations in which internally disposed axially, thrust and ball anti-friction bearings are used in combination and in which a first seal means is provided for preventing the introduction of drilling debris and a second seal means is provided to prevent the introduction of such debris and to maintain the lubricant inside of the bit under pressure. A pressure relief means is provided to allow excess lubricant to flow around one of the seals. A stream of air is directed through the bit, first in a direction to "clean" the bore hole and in further directions to allow ready access to a lubricant fitting and to effect a seal at the interface between rotating portions of the bit.

Abstract: A car washer for a stationary car, including a pair of tracks on the floor, between which the car remains, an upright arch frame to pass over the car and having wheels on the track; a plurality of scrubber curtains of cloth, felt-like material cut into strips and suspended from the frame to engage and scrub the automobile as the frame passes along the automobile, means oscillating the strips in side to side direction, spray nozzles directing cleaning solution onto the strips; the mobile frame moving along the car, first in one direction, then in the reverse direction; upright rotary scrubbers on arms which swing toward and away from the automobile body, the arms being mounted on the upright frame, the rotary scrubbers also being made of strips of cloth, felt-like material, nozzles directing cleaning solution onto such strips, the rotary scrubbers being reversible, and the control means for the rotary scrubbers requiring reversing of the rotary scrubbers when the mobile arch frame reverses its direction.

Abstract: A type cassette copier on which; pairs of aligned "floating" head and pinch roller arms are pivotally mounted within a housing adjacent pairs of aligned cassette receiving recesses and are simultaneously pivotable by a resilient connection to control lever arm; the control lever arm is operable through rewind, copy control and off positions; the head arms are operably connected to a drive mechanism for selectively driving rotatable spindles disposed in each cassette receiving compartment; the drive mechanism is adapted to be pivoted by the head arms for engagement of one magnetic clutch or another disposed on adjacent paired spindles, with one engaging position for rewind, and another for copying; a lever escapement cam, engaged by the free end of the control lever arm holds the lever arm in rewind or copy positions during each operation; a pair of electric motors drive the spindles and adjacent capstans through suitable belt drive means disposed in series with each motor; the motors are electrically connecte

Abstract: A removable ball loading hole plug for a rotary cutter rock drilling bit having an offset head portion to position the inner race end axially and rotationally. A locking groove on the outer surface of the offset head portion coacts with an adjacent end of a threaded retainer for removable locking engagement therewith.

Abstract: Steering apparatus for a boat includes a pair of laterally spaced rudders, each having a forwardly directed control arm. In each of three embodiments a tiller arm is employed. In one embodiment a pinion gear is journaled for rotation on the tiller arm, being in mesh with two gear racks each of which connects with a control arm. In a second embodiment, the tiller arm shifts a pair of pulleys about which is entrained a rope or cable, one control arm being clamped to a cable section at one side of the pulleys and the other control arm being clamped to the cable section of the other side of the pulleys. In the third embodiment, a pair of hydraulic cylinders have their closed ends pivotally connected to the tiller arm and their piston rods connected to the control arms. The open end of one cylinder is hydraulically coupled to the closed end of the other cylinder, and the closed end of said one cylinder is hydraulically coupled to the open end of said other cylinder.

Abstract: A rotatable cam and pivotally mounted rocker arm are employed for each valve of an internal combustion engine. The rocker arm has a working or cam follower surface thereon which includes a straight section and a curved section. By relatively moving the cam and rocker arm so that the cam acts against appropriate portions of the cam follower surface, the moment of valve opening and closing is controlled, as well as the lift and duration of valve opening. The invention makes possible what is herein termed a five-cycle operation in that the following sequence can be achieved: (1) intake, (2) decompression, (3) compression, (4) power, and (5) exhaust.

Abstract: The valve operating apparatus includes an upper and lower rocker arm for each valve to be controlled, each having a straight section and a curved section. The lower rocker arm is mounted at one end for pivotal movement about a fixed axis, its other end acting against the valve to be controlled. The upper rocker arm is mounted at one end for pivotal movement about a shiftable or movable axis. Depending on where the upper rocker arm has been shifted to in relation to the camshaft and concomitantly where the upper arm has been shifted in relation to the lower arm the lift and duration of valve opening is controlled. A timing mechanism is actuated by the valve operating apparatus so as to angularly displace the camshaft on which the above alluded to cam is mounted in a direction to advance or retard the valve opening and closing with respect to the crankshaft and hence in relation to the piston movement produced by the crankshaft.

Abstract: An octogonally configured cam has four flats located radially outward a greater distance than the four intervening flats. The various flats are successively engageable with a pivotal arm to engage and disengage a clutch mechanism and thus start and stop an endless belt conveyor along with the starting and stopping of a cylindrical brush. Both the conveyor and brush are ground-driven through a chain and cog wheels, the size of the cog wheels being such that the brush is rotated at faster speed than the conveyor. The position of an indicating rod signifies when the clutch mechanism is engaged or disengaged.

Abstract: A particle beam, such as that generated by a scanning electron microscope, impinges upon the specimen to be analyzed. The beam produces X-rays, the energy of which enables the various elements contained in the specimen to be identified. The detected X-ray energy is converted to rectangular electrical pulses, the height of which is proportional to the detected X-ray energy and hence characteristic of the element or elements present in the specimen. The pulse signals are coded so as to trigger or energize the several guns of a conventional color cathode ray tube, such as that used in a color televison receiver. The resulting multicolor map displayed on the screen of the cathode ray tube thus visually indicates to the observer the presence of certain elements and their relative position in the specimen being investigated.

Abstract: A lightweight, foldable, portable cooking implement having adjustable cooking and fire box work frames. A vertical frame is provided with a lower ground engaging end and a plurality of vertically spaced apart, forwardly opening, receptacles for removably engaging cooking and fire box frames. Lateral stabilizers, having lower ground engaging ends, are rotatably attached to each side of the vertical frame for adjustable disposition forwardly thereof.

Abstract: A sucker rod is composed of three initially separate parts comprising a relatively long body member and duplicate relatively short pin members. Upsetting steps are performed on the relatively long body member, whereas only machining steps are employed in making the pin members. One end of each pin member is inertia welded to each end of the body member after the various ends have been cut or ground to provide relatively smooth surfaces.

Abstract: An improved sprinkled warehouse stacker rack in which the sprinkler system is an integrated portion of a rack structure. A plurality of load bearing side frame members of any given heighth are operably interconnected to provide a stable structure having a plurality of load receiving cells. A sprinkler system comprised of a plurality of pipe members, each having a length, such that when assembled to connect a pair of side frame members, a load receiving cell of a predetermined width is created. A clamp for providing limited tri-axial movement of a sprinkler pipe is disposed on each of the side frame members and is adapted to co-act with the end of a sprinkler pipe to operably engage the same and to horizontally space the side frame members while permitting vertical and horizontal misalignment to accommodate normal construction tolerances.

Abstract: A balanced implement transport includes a rotatable drawbar having a first plurality of spaced apart implement hitch frames, for connection to individual implements to be drawn over the surface of the ground disposed for rotation with the drawbar between a position generally parallel with the surface of the ground, and a raised, substantially vertical transport position; and a second plurality of spaced apart implement hitch frames, for connection to individual implements to be drawn over the surface of the ground, rotatably disposed on said drawbar, for adjustable positioning thereon between a position parallel to the first plurality of implement hitch frames and a position of greater than 90 angular degree displacement so that the centers of gravity of the first implement hitches may be disposed on one side of the drawbar and those of the second implement hitches are disposed on the other side of the drawbar.

Abstract: An automatic focusing system for a slide projector which utilizes a pair of photocells is provided with a non-linear response characteristic to introduce a change in the sensor balance point when a glass covered film slide is projected as opposed to when an open film slide is projected. Accordingly, glass covered film slides and open film slides can be randomly intermixed without changing the projector focus.