Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the deposition of a source material (10) are disclosed. An atomizer (12) renders a supply of source material (10) into many discrete particles. A force applicator (14) propels the particles in continuous, parallel streams of discrete particles. A collimator (16) controls the direction of flight of the particles in the stream prior to their deposition on a substrate (18). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the viscosity of the particles may be controlled to enable complex depositions of non-conformal or three-dimensional surfaces. The invention also includes a wide variety of substrate treatments which may occur before, during or after deposition. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a virtual or cascade impactor may be employed to remove selected particles from the deposition stream.

Abstract: Methods for determination of parameters in lithographic devices and applications by cross-section analysis of scatterometry models, including determination of center of focus in lithography devices and applications. Control methods are provided for process control of center of focus in lithography devices utilizing cross-section analysis.

Abstract: A method of achieving tissue changes in bone or bone-derived organic tissue, in which method bone or bone-derived organic tissue is provided, an interfacing agent is applied to the bone or bone-derived organic tissue, and electromagnetic energy is applied to the interfacing agent. The interfacing agent can include collagen, preferably bone-derived collagen, and a therapeutic agent. In a related embodiment, a method of treating bone tissue is provided wherein a bioactive interfacing agent is placed between the bone segments of the bone tissue to be treated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adaptively maintaining the power-frequency spectrum in a reverberation chamber. The invention is thus capable of maintaining a relatively constant power-frequency spectrum in the chamber even when a device under examination is placed into the chamber which exhibits selective frequency absorption and or directional frequency absorption. The object disposed within the chamber need not necessarily be a device under examination. Rather, the present invention can also adaptively maintain a relatively constant power-frequency spectrum when heating any material disposed within a electromagnetic wave chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for predicting attractive magnetic levitation force comprising measuring flux density for a component of an attractive magnetic levitation system and computing a predicted attractive magnetic levitation force from the flux density.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for setting up a satellite dish to receive satellite signals, including television satellite signals, with precise positioning and aiming of the satellite dish, including determination of a clear line of sight, azimuth orientation, elevation angle and skew or tilt angle. The apparatus includes a line of sight mechanism removably attachable to a satellite dish.

Abstract: The invention provides for canine genes indicative of toxicological responses to agents such as drugs, pharmaceutical compounds, or chemicals. Methods of identifying and isolating toxicologically relevant canine gene are disclosed. In addition, an array comprising toxicologically relevant canine genes, methods of making a canine gene array, and methods of using a canine gene array in which toxicological responses can analyzed in a rapid and efficient manner are also provided. The methods disclosed herein are also useful for discovering and obtaining novel canine genes. Primers and sequences of novel canine genes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus, software, and method for segregating out background signals from a signal of interest comprising sampling a signal that includes the background signals over one or more periods of time, forming a matrix from results of the sampling, calculating a matrix of basis functions via a singular value decomposition of the matrix from the forming operation, and determining a set of basis functions to employ to segregate out background signals. Also a corresponding wavelength modulation spectroscopy apparatus, software, and method.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for spectral interferometry comprising providing an interferometer comprising a light source and dithering an element to provide a continuous relative phase shift between target and reference arms of the interferometer.

Abstract: A material that can be used for magnetic refrigeration, wherein the material substantially has the general formula (AYB1?y)2+?C1?xDx) wherein A is selected from Mn and Co; B is selected from Fe and Cr; C and D are different and are selected from P, As, B, Se, Ge, Si and Sb; x and y each is a number in the range 0–1; and ? is a number from (?0.1)–(+0.1).

Abstract: A method for packaging coca beans and like bean-shaped natural products, wherein the cocoa beans are packaged in ventilating, at least partially relatively form-retaining and stackable packaging devices. Packaging devices for cocoa beans or like bean-shaped, natural products, which packaging device comprises a frame and a sack-shaped element suspendible therein, wherein a filling opening is provided for bringing the products into at least the sack-shaped element and wherein the frames with filled sacks are stackable.

Abstract: An apparatus for (and method of) generating circular antenna polarization (from a planar structure encompassing the feed, excitation, and antenna functions), consisting of a plurality of modules each comprising one or more patch antennas, wherein at least one or more of the modules is stacked atop one or more other modules to form a stair-stepped, stadium like antenna array.

Abstract: Compositions, systems and methods utilizing engineered surgical irrigants providing delivery of components with therapeutic or other secondary benefits. Engineered irrigants provide targeted delivery of desired agents, including agents for propulsion of nano-devices, agents including molecular probes, gene expression agents, magnetically orientable agents, agents for discrete tissue temperature detection and tissue regeneration agents.

Abstract: Methods for differential numerical aperture analysis of samples, utilizing angle-of-incidence measurements resulting from variable illumination or observation numerical apertures, or both. Metrology applications are provided, and more particularly including scatterometer, ellipsometer and similar analysis methods, including bi-directional reflectance or transmission distribution function measurement.

Abstract: A revolving door for installation in a building, comprising a cylindrical shell wall, within the shell wall door leaves rotating about a central shaft and between a bottom plate and a top plate, and entrance and exit openings provided in the shell wall, at least one of which having an air-outflow unit disposed at a vertical edge of the shell wall, having an outlet slot for the generation of a vertically oriented and between the bottom plate and the top plate oriented air curtain substantially filling the headroom of the door, wherein the outlet slot is directed substantially radially towards the interior of the revolving door, and wherein during use the door leaves provide an antidraught seal, with the air-outflow unit being placed inside the building.

Abstract: A skimmer and filter unit for use with a body of water. A tank portion of the unit defines an interior skimmer chamber, one or more ultraviolet light chambers, filter chamber, and pump chamber. Water is received through a pivoting weir door of a skimmer faceplate assembly affixed to the tank portion. Water is directed downward from the weir opening to a skimmer basket, then through unidirectional ports defined in a lower portion of a partitioning wall to one or more ultraviolet light chambers where it is subjected to ultraviolet light. After being subjected to ultraviolet light, the water is passed through a filter chamber then to a pump chamber where it is pumped away from the skimmer and filter unit. An interlocking lid is secured to the tank portion to seal the interior of the tank portion and protect the tank from deformation caused by the surrounding environment.

Abstract: A low-leakage valve apparatus which reduces fugitive emissions from valves to the ambient atmosphere. A secondary packing chamber or gland is installed on an existing valve to intercept leakage past the valve's original primary packing gland, which otherwise would escape past the valve stem to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Healthy task seating is achieved by integrating three dynamics into a unique, dynamically balanced chair design that provides: (a) adaptable design features to accommodate a wide range of body dimensions, (b) a series of independent and adjustable support means to accommodate a wide range of tasks, and (c) means for promoting active seating.