Abstract: The average power capacity of a rotating-anode X-ray generator tube is limited by the slow radiation cooling of the anode. The invention removes this limitation by rotating the entire vacuum envelope so the heat can be conducted directly to the air or to a circulating liquid. The cathode and anode are made as figures of revolution about the axis. A stationary source of X-rays is produced by focusing a stationary spot of the light onto a rotating photocathode. The photoelectrons are drawn off and focused onto a stationary spot on the rotating anode, to produce a stationary source of X-rays.

Abstract: A loop directional RF coupler between a waveguide and coaxial line maintains a high degree of directivity while providing substantially improved coupling values. A conductive loop assembly terminating the coaxial line is accepted into an aperture means defining an aperture in one wall of the waveguide section of the coupler. The aperture is greater in diameter than the largest transverse dimension of the loop, or of the loop assembly. A capacitive or inductive conductive obstacle is affixed to an interior wall of the waveguide section adjacent the aperture. A second conductive obstacle is positioned downstream of the first obstacle to compensate any mismatch.

Abstract: The invention is a method of manufacture of a cylndrical electrode such as a thermionic cathode comprising an array of helical filaments. The method comprises the step of placing the array, attached to its support electrodes which are fixedly mounted to a common subassembly support, inside a close-fitting refractory dielectric cylinder and heating the filament assembly by passing current through the filaments. The filament assembly expands to contact the form. On further heating it is plastically deformed to form a perfect cylindrical shape. After cooling and shrinking, it is removed from the form.

Abstract: A power supply for helix and collector electrodes of a traveling wave tube is driven by an AC power source having a frequency of at least 500 KHz. The helix supply includes plural, stacked voltage doubler AC to DC modules responsive to the 500 KHz source. The collector supply includes plural AC to DC modules, each having a diode full wave rectifier bridge, connected in stacked relation. Each of the modules includes a transformer with a ferrite, toroidal core dimensioned so that it is not driven into saturation by the 500 KHz source. Each module also includes inexpensive, signal switching diodes having a recovery time of approximately 4 nanoseconds. The ratio of the collector to helix DC voltages is maintained constant by threading a common lead through the apertures of the toroidal cores of the helix and collector modules. A separate common lead threaded through the apertures of the toroidal cores in the collector modules is connected directly to the 500 KHz power source.

Abstract: An ion source for an intense ion beam from a solid source is formed with a cathode around a central anode. A source of magnetic field with closely spaced poles is formed around a central region of the cathode so that the most intense region of the magnetic field is a torus on the inside of the cathode and the field at the anode is weak. A torus of plasma can be formed near the inside surface of the cathode which can be coated with solid source material. An ion beam can be extracted through an aperture in the cathode.

Abstract: In a multi-cavity klystron amplifier tube, the gain-bandwidth product is improved and the amplitude response is made flatter by successive intermediate floating cavities downstream of the input cavity tuned to successively higher frequencies, and the drift lengths between them successively shorter.

Abstract: The input signal to a TWT amplifier is predistorted in amplitude and phase to the inverse of the amplifier transfer characteristic by an adjustable circuit including a phase linearizing section and an amplitude linearizing section, both in series with the input signal and amplifier. Each section includes two pairs of back-to-front Schottky diodes. Preferably an additional diode is in series with one pair for the amplitude section. The diodes of each pair are of like polarity and opposite to the diodes of the other pair of the section. Additional diodes are connected between the pair junctions and ground, and adjustable D.C. bias fed into these junctions. Additional resistors and capacitors bridge the pairs, and are arranged into a phase delay network in one of the sections.

Abstract: A wide bandwidth linear motor system suitable for high performance applications such as driving the tuning plunger of a magnetron oscillator. The linear motor includes a coil assembly with a structure which suppresses secondary resonances, thereby permitting the linear motor to be used in a wide bandwidth servo control loop. The coil assembly includes a cylindrical coil support, a bushing coaxial with the coil support for attachment to the linear motor shaft, a plurality of radial ribs connecting the coil support to the bushing and a coil having multiple turns wound circumferentially around the coil support. The coil support is subdivided by axial gaps into at least two separate coil support elements, each connected by a radial rib to the bushing. Resonance of the coil support and the coil is suppressed by the separate coil support elements and the lossy connection therebetween.

Abstract: In a vacuum chamber wafer treating apparatus a wafer is heated or cooled by introducing a gas at a pressure of approximately 100 to 1000 microns in a region between the wafer and a heating element or heat sink. The gas conducts thermal energy between the wafer and heating element or heat sink.

Abstract: A pressure sealed waveguide to coaxial line connection formed with a low cost, non-pressurizable waveguide to coaxial line adapter, an elastomeric sealing boot, and a specially configured mounting seat on a housing which contains a pressurizable waveguide cavity. The connection provides a low cost alternative to hermetically sealed waveguide to coaxial line adapters.

Abstract: A planar magnetron sputtering device has an extended flat circular target source in opposed spaced parallel relationship with a generally flat article to be coated, placed within an evacuated coating chamber. Crossed electric and magnetic fields in the chamber are established in order to set up a plasma adjacent the target. The magnetic field is provided by a magnetic assembly of permanent magnets on the non-vacuum side of the target. The magnetic assembly is smaller in diameter than the target, but is mounted to a means for moving the assembly laterally over the entire area of the target. This means for moving sweeps the magnetic assembly in an eccentric path generally centered on the target center, with the path being non-reentrant and precessing about the target center with time. In this manner, the path sweeps different areas on successive rotations about the center, and a given area of target is exposed to the magnetic field at many successively different orientations.

Abstract: Diamonds are good thermal conductors and also good insulators. They are thus exceptionally useful as heat-removing supports for small microwave circuit elements which must be electrically insulated from their ultimate heat sink. Bonding diamonds to metallic parts has been done using active metals such as titanium and zirconium in conjunction with or as ingredients in solder alloys, which then are able to wet the diamond surface and bond to it.The invention comprises a method of diffusion bonding to diamonds without a molten solder. This solves the problem of contaminating the open diamond surfaces with braze materials which produce electrical leakage. Also the bonded area is precisely limited so that the electrical properties of the circuit are not disturbed.A tiny slow-wave circuit for a traveling-wave tube has been supported by a linear array of diamonds bonded to it and to the surrounding heat-sink barrel of the tube.

Abstract: Semiconductor wafers are coated with metallic film by supporting the wafers individually adjacent a ring-shaped sputtering source. A vacuum chamber sputter coating apparatus has a number of work stations therein, at least one of which includes the ring-shaped sputtering source. Also included is a load lock; and an intermittently rotating vertical plate-like wafer carrier therewithin positioned closely adjacent the chamber entrance, and carrying wafers in turn from the load lock to the work stations. The carrier includes apertures each accepting a wafer therewithin in an upright position, with the wafers edgewise resiliently supported by clips. A chamber door is provided with a vacuum chuck to grasp a wafer presented vertically by a blade-like elevator which cooperates with a cassette and conveyor moving the cassette along a horizontal path below the chamber entrance.

Abstract: An ultrasound hyperthermia applicator comprises a plurality of transducers which can be operated in different grouping modes so that the applicator is effectively provided with a variable number of elements having variable effective diameters transmitting coherent beams. The individually coherent beams from these elements are individually focused for incoherent superposition in the target volume according to a spiral or multi-spiral focusing scheme. Such an applicator is capable of uniformly heating without scanning a limited part of human body with volume greater than the inherent focal size of the individual transmitter element.

Abstract: A calorimetric load for very high microwave power at very high frequencies is formed by a metallic, cylindrical chamber into which the wave-guide carrying the power opens. Inside the metallic cylinder is a coaxial dielectric cylinder, with a space between full of circulating wave-absorbing fluid such as water. The incoming wave may be in a higher-order mode. To make it disperse rapidly into the absorbing fluid, a conical reflector is located inside the dielectric cylinder to reflect the wave outward.

Abstract: A nebulizer for analytical purposes includes a needle through which flows a liquid to be nebulized. The liquid flows from the needle onto a diaphragm planar surface that is vibrated in successive pulses. A continuous bridge of the liquid subsists between the liquid and the planar surface when the diaphragm is in the non-vibrating state. The liquid is nebulized to an aerosol when the diaphragm is pulsed. The needle and diaphragm are always spaced from each other. A wick on the planar surface in contact with the film removes excess amounts of the liquid not involved in forming the aerosol. The diaphragm vibration is pulsed by a piezoelectric crystal that responds to an FM wave whose frequency is swept over a band spanning the resonant frequency of the crystal. The crystal is configured as a spherical segment to direct a focused pressure wave on the diaphragm via a liquid medium.

Abstract: A coupled-cavity slow-wave circuit for a millimeter-wave TWT is formed by forming cavities through a metallic bar or half-cavities in a pair of comb-shaped bars. The ends of the cavities are covered by cover members, one of which has a longitudinal groove to form "in line" coupling apertures between cavities.

Abstract: In operating an ECD in constant current mode, two pulses are implemented either to the same electrode or to separate electrodes, thereby dispersing the space charge sheath near the collector electrode and thus enhancing electron extraction at high frequencies. This has the effect of extending both the dynamic range and the linear dynamic range.

Abstract: The "comb-quad" slow-wave interaction circuit for a traveling-wave tube consists of a pair of metallic ladders whose rungs cross, the rungs of one ladder passing through the spaces between the rung of the other ladder.The phase velocity of the circuit wave is tapered to a lower value at the output end by gradually enlarging the axial open spaces between the longitudinal bases of the ladders and the surrounding envelope. The periodic elements of the ladders are all exactly alike, simplifying the construction.The slowing of the wave velocity is greater at the lower-frequency end of the passband, providing improved efficiency over the operating band.

Abstract: A permanent-magnet-focused linear-beam high power millimeter-wave tube is externally adjustable for optimum electron beam optics during initial tube operation. The adjustment is made possible by providing an enlarged cavity within the cathode polepiece within which is housed a confined-flow magnetically-focused electron gun, and a cylindrical insert of magnetic material axially symmetrically disposed about the gun and in spaced relationship to and adjacent the gun insulator envelope. The insert may comprise iron or a radially magnetized permanent magnet, either alone or in combination, and more than one insert of magnetic material may be concentrically employed. In this manner, and by movement of the insert axially within the cavity toward and away from the gun, a finely controllable smooth adjustment of the beam diameter in the beam-microwave interaction region of the tube is effected over a wide range during initial operation.