Abstract: A method selects a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction by defining a chemical experimental space by (i) identifying relationships between factors of a candidate chemical reaction space; and (ii) determining a chemical experimental space comprising a table of test cases for each of the factors based on the identified relationships between the factors with the identified relationships based on researcher specified n-tuple combinations between identities of the relationships. A combinatorial high throughput screening (CHTS) method is effected on the chemical experimental space to select the best case set of factors. A system for selecting a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction, comprises a processor, reactor and an evaluator.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an application of combinatorial materials development with minimum materials development, minimum variance, and maximum integration is provided. The embodiment is directed to a method of project development of a combinatorial materials development process using DFSS techniques having four major elements. The first element is the use of a design for six sigma (DFSS) process mapping to convert a complex and disorganized process structure to an organized structure that can be further analyzed. The second element comprises the use of quality function deployment houses as a method of flowing critical to quality characteristics (CTQ) through a research project. The third element comprises a transfer function that connects the overall steps of the project to the output which is measured as variability not as mean. Score cards are used as the “function” to total the variabilities of each process step.

Abstract: An imaging system includes an imaging subsystem for forming an image on a sheet, a tray for holding a supply of sheets, a ramp for directing a sheet from the tray into a paper path, a sensor in the vicinity of the paper path, a drive assembly and a processor connected to the drive assembly and the sensor. The drive assembly includes a movable roller configured to move the sheet into the paper path by moving a top sheet of a supply of sheets in the tray to the ramp. The sensor is configured to detect a sheet traveling in the paper path from the tray and to provide an output signal in response to the detection. The processor is configured to control movement of the roller, to receive and store an initial sheet level value, to receive the output signal from the sensor and to calculate a time, t, from activating the drive assembly to receiving the sensor output signal and to accordingly adjust the initial sheet level value.

Abstract: This method refers to a method by which the physical and mechanical properties intrinsic to a fine-grain structure may be formed in metal billets using pressure treatment. The method is designed to treat rods, bars and other particularly long billets. This method is designed to lower the cost of deformational treatment for long rods and large diameter billets and creates a pre-specified microstructure, including micro-crystal structure, and specific physical and mechanical properties. This may be achieved using various treatment techniques, one of which includes the deformation of at least a part of the billet through reduction of the billets cross-section. In this method, a long rod shaped billet is used. Reduction of the cross-section is achieved using tools that permit movement along and across the billet's axis as well as being rolled about its surface, for example, a roller. In this case at least one support stand is employed for correct placement of the billet.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a data storage medium, and in particular to a data storage medium comprising at least one high modulus layer used to control the overall degree of flatness in the storage medium.

Abstract: A method for making a dynamoelectric machine conductor bar, compromises providing a plurality of bundled together spiraling strand conductors having surrounding insulation to define a substantially rectangular shape with the strand conductors and strand insulation defining an opposing conductor bar end portion having an electrically insulated gap between the strand insulation adjacent the bar end portion; and applying a filler material to fill the gap to electrically shield the conductor bar end portion and to a greater than 0.080 to about 1.5 inch continuous outer radius surface end portion.

Abstract: The useful life of x-ray tubes is extended by filtering metal particles and other decomposition products out of the coolant fluid by filter means permanently included in the closed loop cooling fluid circuit which also includes pump means and heat exchange means.

Abstract: A liquid chemical stripping or cleaning solution is selected by combinatorial high throughput screening. A high throughput screening well array assembly includes (A) a metal substrate and (B) a mask that defines an array of wells on the substrate. A combinatorial high throughput screening system includes (A) a metal substrate and (B) a mask that defines an array of wells on the substrate and a reaction vessel to receive the well array assembly.

Abstract: Permanent magnets, devices including permanent magnets and methods for manufacture are described with the permanent magnet comprising, for example: iron-boron-rare earth alloy particulate having an intrinsic coercive force of at least about 1591 kiloamperes/meter (about 20 kiloOersteds) and a residual magnetization of at least about 0.8 tesla (about 8 kiloGauss), wherein the rare earth content comprises praseodymium, a light rare earth element selected from the group consisting of cerium, lanthanum, yttrium and mixtures thereof, and balance neodymium; and a binder bonding the particulate.

Abstract: The invention relates to plastic working of metals and alloys, predominantly low-plastic and hard-to-work ones, e.g., nickel-, titanium-, and iron-base high-temperature alloys, and producing billets for parts made by plastic working of said billets. The method comprises thermomechanical processing which is performed beginning with the temperature at which a total content of precipitates or an allotropic modification of the matrix exceeds 7%, followed by a stage-by-stage decrease of the working temperature down to the temperature at which a stable fine-grained microstructure of the material is obtained, with ratio between the grain size of various phases differing by not more than 10 times, the billet under processing undergoes deformation with a 1.2 to 3.9 times change in the billet cross-sectional area. When preparing billets from nickel-base alloys a stage-by-stage decrease of the working temperature is carried out so as to provide a maximum 14% gain in the &ggr;-phase at each stage.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a method for calculating at least one confidence interval. The method comprises a set of instructions that activate a calculator. The user selects input data, which the calculator reformats to generate output data. The calculator then generates both a calibration summary and specific calibration summary containing calibration standard measurements from the output data. A linear calibration curve and residual calibration value plot are derived from these calibration standard measurements. The calculator calculates a back-calculated unknown sample value using the information gathered from the linear calibration curve and residual calibration value plot. The calculator can then calculate the confidence interval for the back-calculated unknown sample value.

Abstract: An untreated filler and a high viscosity silicone polymer premix is charged into a compounding apparatus. Treating agent and additional silicone polymer are added to the premix and the premix, treating agent and additional silicone polymer are compounded to produce a heat vulcanizable filled silicone composition.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of at least one acid or base in a complex solution is described. Multiple physical property values are first measured for the solution. The physical properties can be defined in the form of a set of solution property equations. The measured physical property values are then inserted into the solution property equations. When the equations are simultaneously solved, the desired concentration of the acid or basic component can be determined.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing zinc. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: A ballast-water treatment system is provided. An ozone generator is operated by a supply of voltage, which is regulated by a voltage controller. Ozone is provided to a ballast tank through an ozone-transport system. The system may include a pressure generation system to regulate a flow pressure such that the flow pressure is substantially ambient at an exit end of the ozone generator and has a positive pressure when reaching the ballast tank.

Abstract: A shroud for a welding torch includes a hydrophilic skirt supported by a frame. The skirt is soft and pliable when wet and is self protected from the heat of welding by the water absorbed therein. The frame supports the skirt around the weld site and permits a good seal with the workpiece for excluding water during the welding process.

Abstract: A method for producing a spallation-resistant aluminum oxide layer on the surface of a superalloy article is described. An aluminum oxide layer is produced, typically under tensile stress, by chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures on a metal aluminide layer that has been deposited on the surface of the article. The aluminum oxide layer is then heated to induce cracking therein, which imparts spallation-resistance thereto. If desired, a thermal barrier layer may be deposited on the aluminum oxide layer.

Abstract: Filler, processing fluid and silicone polymer are controllably compounded into homogeneous filled heat cured rubber compositions with requisite reinforcing properties and levels of volatiles. In the process, a continuous feed of a silicone polymer to a compounding apparatus is monitored and a signal is generated in accordance with the monitored rate of feed. Rate of feed of filler and additives to the compounding apparatus are then adjusted in accordance with the signal.

Abstract: Laser surgery is controlled by interferometry.

Abstract: A continuous process provides a devolatilized liquid injection moldable silicone composition. In the process, a filler, treating agent and silicone polymer are introduced into an extruder having a length to diameter ratio of at least greater than 50. The filler, treating agent and silicone elastomer are continuously compounded in the extruder into a devolatilized liquid injection moldable silicone composition. A system for preparing a liquid silicone rubber composition comprises a mixer to prepare a concentrate of filler and silicone polymer, a long extruder having an L/D ratio of greater than 50, connected to the mixer to receive the concentrate from the mixer and to compound and devolatilize the concentrate, a treating agent and silicone polymer into a liquid silicone rubber composition containing volatiles and a cooler to receive the liquid silicone rubber composition to cool, homogenize and further devolatilized the composition.