Abstract: A dry instant dessert mix composition containing a cold water swelling hydroxypropylated granular starch component, a non-starch saccharide bulking and/or sweetener agent and a high intensity sweetener, which can be readily dispersed and hydrated in cold liquids. The dry mix composition is particularly advantageous in that it can be formulated to provide a reduced calorie dessert mix composition.

Abstract: Alpha, beta carbonyl compounds are prepared from an acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of glutaric anhydride and 3-alkyl glutaric anhydride, and a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound having the following chemical formula:R.sub.2 COH--CHR--CRO or R.sub.2 COH--CHR--CNwhere each R is any substitutent group.The process comprises: (a) reacting the acid anhydride and the beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of an acid catalyst to form an ester; (b) reacting the ester in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a base catalyst to form a alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound and a carboxylic acid; and (c) separating the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound and the carboxylic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for enzymatically hydrolyzing a non-gelationized granular starch material directly to glucose. In another embodiment, granular starch remaining non-hydrolyzed following a direct, granular starch hydrolysis process and having liberated fat and/or protein residues coated, adsorbed or otherwise accumulated thereon is pasted, thinned separated from said fat and/or protein residues and recycled to said granular starch hydrolysis process for further hydrolysis to glucose therein.

Abstract: A process for preparing triglycerides which are suitable as a lipid base for an injectable composition is described.

Abstract: Residual lipophilic reactants and by-products of surfactant manufacture (e.g. fatty alcohols, ethers, esters, etc.) may be adsorbed from surfactant compositions with a solid hydrophobic sorbent having pore sizes sufficiently small enough to effectively preclude molecular adsorption of the surfactant molecules therein. Surfactant compositions containing long-chain alkyl glucoside mixtures, as the major active surfactant component, may be refined to a form substantially free from lipophilic impurities by dispersing the surfactant composition into a suitable liquid carrier system and adsorbing the contaminants from the composition with the sorbent.

Abstract: Desirable color of glycosides are obtained through bleaching and stabilization with a source of sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A method of preparing a substrate coated with a proteinaceous foaming composition wherein the substrate is coated with the foamed composition and the foamed composition is mechanically disintegrated to form a continuous surface coating upon the substrate. The foamed composition is prepared by ingesting gas into an aqueous medium containing a proteinaceous foaming composition consisting essentially of at least one proteinaceous foaming component selected from the group consisting of vegetable protein hydrolyzate having at least two different chelating sites, egg albumen, and casein hydrolyzate; alkaline earth metal ions, and zinc ions.

Abstract: The co-metathesis reaction of triglycerides having fatty acid esters containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds and ethylene produces modified triglycerides and alpha-olefins. The reaction occurs at an ethylene partial pressure of about 200 to 550 psig in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a metathesis catalyst at a temperature of about 100.degree. F. to 500.degree. F.

Abstract: A solid fructose product comprising less than about 2 weight percent water and greater than about 60 weight percent crystalline fructose is prepared by combining an aqueous fructose syrup and a solid crystallization initiator and then contacting with air for about 12 to 48 hours. The fructose syrup comprises about 60 to 93 weight percent saccharide with about 85 to 100 weight percent of the saccharide being fructose. The air has an initial temperature of about 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. and a final relative humidity of less than about 20 percent.

Abstract: Vegetable protein extrudates substantially free from internal voids with a densely compacted stratum of laminae may be used to prepare imitation products which simulate the tender, succulent textural properties of freshly cooked natural products such as cooked mushrooms and shellfish products. The extrudates are prepared by the thermoplastic extrusion of proteinaceous feed material slurry containing more than 50% by weight water under conditions which prevent internal void formation and provide a highly laminated extrudate structure. The textural properties are imparted to the extrudate by retorting in the presence of pH 5.5-6.5 saline solutions.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for acetylating (esterifying) starches including dispersing the starch in an organic acid; contacting the starch with an organic acid anhydride; and reacting the components in the presence of a quaternary ammonium halide.

Abstract: Lower alkyl glycosides are added to aqueous liquid detergents to reduce their viscosity and to prevent phase separation. The glycosides are represented by the formula R--O--(G).sub.n where "R" is a lower alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, "O" is an oxygen atom, "G" is a saccharide unit, and "n" is a number from 1 to 10. The glycosides comprise about 1 to 10 weight percent of the detergents.

Abstract: The presence of a sufficient amount of a calcium complexing agent prevents the gelling of corn steep liquor.

Abstract: A cold-water-swelling granular starch material derived from ungelatinized corn starch and characterized by a cold-water solubility of at least 50% is prepared by subjecting granular corn starch, slurried in selected aqueous alcohols, to conditions of high temperature and pressure. The cold-water-swelling granular starch material derived from chemically unmodified (or minimally modified) ungelatinized corn starch has an ability to set to a sliceable gel without cooking or chilling when blended with an aqueous sugar syrup. That granular starch material is particularly useful in food systems of the type which set or gel upon standing such as pie fillings, jellies, demouldable desserts and puddings.

Abstract: Diacetone fructose solutions may be effectively hydrolyzed to fructose by acid exchange resins. Hydrolysis of diacetone fructose with acid exchange resins substantially reduces the formation of objectionable flavoring, coloring and other hydrolyzate by-products. The immobilized acid catalysis provides a fructose product substantially free from ash residues and significantly reduces the carbon, cation and anion exchange requirements for the manufacture of enriched, food-grade fructose syrups. Perfluorinated acid exchange resins have been found to be particularly effective for hydrolyzing aqueous diacetone fructose solutions into fructose.

Abstract: Aqueous fructose and aldehydes, ketones and/or acetals may be effectively catalyzed into alkylidene fructose derivatives with immobilized acid catalysts. The reaction provides a means for enriching the fructose content of conventional high fructose corn syrups. Perfluorinated acid resins are especially effective catalysts for converting aqueous fructose and acetone solutions into diacetone fructose. Catalysis with the perfluorinated acid resins may be conducted at significantly lower conversion temperatures with superior reactant and reaction product exchange rates. Enrichment of high fructose corn syrups may be generally accomplished by catalyzing the fructose and acetone into a diacetone fructose solution with the perfluorinated acid resin, allowing the dextrose to precipitate from the diacetone solution, hydrolyzing the diacetone fructose to fructose and recovery of the enriched fructose product therefrom.

Abstract: Acidophilic and acidoduric streptomycetes strains have been found to produce carbohydrases. These Streptomyces effectively elaborate glucose isomerase under acid conditions typically unfavorable for growth of conventional glucose isomerase producing Streptomyces. Sterilization of the culture and production media may be avoided by selectively propagating newly discovered Streptomyces acidodurans under acidic conditions which will effectively eliminate contaminating micro-organisms. The Streptomyces acidodurans herein also have the ability to undergo cultivation and elaborate glucose isomerase over a relatively broad pH range. Constitutive streptomycetes strains have also been isolated. Glucose isomerases derived from these Streptomyces strains are particularly effective for isomerizing glucose syrups to fructose-containing syrups.

Abstract: Hydroxypropylation of granular starch in a liquid medium comprising a lower alkanol under alkaline conditions in a confined zone at high temperature provides a novel improved hydroxypropyl substituted granular starch having a pasting temperature reduced from that of the granular starch before hydroxypropyl substitution by at least 6.5.degree. C. for each 1% by weight of hydroxypropyl substitution.

Abstract: The "livering" or gelling of corn steep liquor or liquid products containing corn steep liquor is prevented or reversed by the addition of an effective amount of a calcium complexing agent, preferably at a pH of less than about 3.8.

Abstract: Vegetable proteins may be converted into isolates which are useful for preparing imitation cheese products. These unique isolates are characterized in general as: having an NSI of at least 90, having not been subjected to enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, forming an insoluble gel when reconstituted in water at a 15% by weight protein isolate concentration and heated to 85.degree. C. for 30 minutes, and yielding a melt value of at least 15 cm.sup.2. The isolates are prepared under conditions which precondition the protein molecules so that they may be converted, upon heat treatment, into protein aggregates which simulate the hydrocolloidal attributes of caseinate. The heat treatment causes restructuring of the proteinaceous molecules into large molecular weight aggregates.