Abstract: A die used for plastic injection molding is masked on its inner surface with a plating resist to leave only a selected area exposed. A conforming anode is fit into the die leaving a small clearance between the die cavity surface and the anode. A metal layer is electroplated onto the exposed mold surfaces of the die in less than a minute by using a high current density and a turbulent flow of electroplating solution. The die is then assembled with a second die to form a mold. A plastic molding composition is injected into the mold cavity and comes in contact with and adheres to the metal electroplate more tightly than the metal electroplate adheres to the surface of the mold member. As the mold is separated, the metal electroplate remains bonded to the plastic molding composition to form a metal-clad plastic article. Adhesion between the metal electroplate and the plastic can be improved by forming nodular growths on the metal electroplate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus provide a series of optical analog intensities that are approximately proportional respectively to the components of a third array that is the product of a first array of components multiplied by a second array of components in a predetermined order. A laser (127) and collimating lens (128) (FIG. 5) direct input light (111) to a first set of electrooptic modulator (118) each of whose output light intensity varies with an electrical signal applied to it serially by electronic circuitry (129) (FIG. 12) for each respective component of the first array. A waveguide (130) directs output light from each first modulator (118) to a respective second electrooptic modulator (123), similar to the first, and similarly controlled by electronic circuitry (131) for the second array. The intensity of the output light from each second modulator (123) is responsive to the product of its two respective components.

Abstract: A Miniaturized Bend Test (MBT) capable of extracting and determining mechanical behavior information from specimens only so large as to have at least a volume or smallest dimension sufficient to satisfy continuum behavior in all directions. The mechanical behavior of the material is determined from the measurements taken during the bending of the specimen and is processed according to the principles of linear or nonlinear material mechanics or both. In a preferred embodiment the determination is carried out by a code which is constructed according to the finite element method, and the specimen used for the determinations is a miniature disk simply supported for central loading at the axis on the center of the disk.

Abstract: Provided are a series of analog quantities that are approximately proportional respectively to the components of a third array that is the product of a first array of components multiplied by a second array of components in a predetermined order. Light of intensity approximately proportional to the first component of the first array is directed to the input side of a modulator whose output light intensity is approximately proportional to an electrical signal applied to it. Applied to the modulator, while the light is passing through it, is a signal approximately proportional to the first component of the second array, so that the intensity of the output light from the modulator is approximately proportional to the product of the two first components. The output light from the modulator is directed to a detector for providing an electrical signal that is approximately proportional to the product of the two first components.

Abstract: Apparatus receives light (11) in an input direction (12) and controls the directions in which portions of it travel through adjacent regions (13,14,15,16) in a waveguide (19) to emerge (at 17) in an output direction (18) with intensity responsive to a plurality of electrical potential differences (A1-A2, etc.). A plurality of electrooptic reflective means (20), each comprising a pair of electrodes (21,22, etc.), with each reflective means (20A,20B,20C,20D) on a different region (13,14,15,16), form a separate Bragg grating in each region with a direction of Bragg incidence in the input direction (12). A prism (29) directs light (11) from a laser (30) to enter in the input direction (12) into each electrooptic means (20).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for monitoring, during machining of a workpiece (30,30'), the wear condition of a cutting tool (31,31') having its cutting portion in a structure (32,32') that is held by substantially more massive means (33,33').A dynamometer (35,35') and filter (36) measure the component of the dynamic force exerted between the tool (31,31') and the workpiece (30,30') approximately in the direction (A,A') normal to the primary cutting edge (34,34') of the tool (31,31') and to the main cutting velocity (V,V') at approximately the fundamental natural frequency of the held structure (32,32') in the same normal direction (A,A'). An accelerometer (37,37'), filter (38), and integrators (39) measure the component of vibration in the tool (31,31') approximately in the same normal direction (A,A') at approximately the same frequency.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for bonding an overlapping portion of the outer cap (7,7') and inner body (6, 6') of a closed cylindrical capsule (5). A flexible tubular coupling (13,14,20) positioned around the circumference of the capsule (5) is compressed to exert an inward radial force (23) on the capsule (5) while ultrasonic vibratory motion is applied in a direction (12,12') parallel to the axis of the capsule (5) by an ultrasonic transducer (10,10') with a rigid tip (11,11') attached to the coupling (13,14,20). For bonding of gelatinous capsules (5), the unitary coupling (20) or split coupling (13,14) can comprise a polymeric elastomer material such as latex rubber with approximately the same acoustical impedance as the capsule (5).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for vulcanizing rubber and like material (10). Ultrasonic energy at about 10 to 100 kilohertz is applied to the material (10) at an energy intensity sufficient to generate heat to a temperature in the range of about 200 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, while a static pressure is applied on the material (10) sufficient to prevent substantial cavitation and material degradation. The application of the ultrasonic energy and the pressure is maintained for at least about 10 minutes for each 1/8 inch in thickness of the material (10).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing an optical analog quantity proportional to ##EQU1## Input light (a.sub.4) of intensity proportional to a.sub.n is directed (21,31) to the input end of an nth optical module comprising a modulator (22) whose output light intensity is responsive to an electrical potential difference across it and a beam combiner (23). While the light is passing through the modulator (22), a potential difference (24) is applied across it such that the intensity of the output light from the modulator (22) is proportional to a.sub.n x, and this light (a.sub.4 x) is directed, through the beam combiner (23), to the output end of the optical module. Input light (a.sub.3) of intensity proportional to a.sub.n-1 is directed (25), via the beam combiner (23), to the output end of the optical module, to combine with the light from the modulator (22) so that the intensity of the output light (32) from the nth optical module is proportional to a.sub.n x+a.sub.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing an optical analog quantity proportional to ##EQU1## Input light (a.sub.4) of intensity proportional to a.sub.n is directed (21,31) to the input end of an nth optical module comprising a modulator (22) whose output light intensity is responsive to an electrical potential difference across it and a beam combiner (23). While the light is passing through the modulator (22), a potential difference (24) is applied across it such that the intensity of the output light from the modulator (22) is proportional to a.sub.n x, and this light (a.sub.4 x) is directed, through the beam combiner (23), to the output end of the optical module. Input light (a.sub.3) of intensity proportional to a.sub.n-1 is directed (25), via the beam combiner (23), to the output end of the optical module, to combine with the light from the modulator (22) so that the intensity of the output light (32) from the nth optical module is proportional to a.sub.n x+a.sub.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing patterns of materials, as for color printing. A support member (30) has groups of surface areas (40A,40B, etc.) with each surface area in a given group (e.g. 40A) facing generally in a direction different from that faced by the surface areas in any other group (e.g. 40B, etc.), and an energy-modifiable material (41A,41B, etc.) adjacent to the surface areas in each group. Energy (A,B,C) is directed onto the material adjacent to the surface areas in each group in such manner as to substantially modify some of the material without substantially modifying the material adjacent to the surface areas of the other groups.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing X-rays (11) to an object (12) in air. A lens (13) directs energy (14) from a laser (27) onto a target (15) to produce X-rays (11) of a selected spectrum and intensity. A substantially fluid-tight first enclosure (16) around the target (15) has a pressure therein substantially below atmospheric pressure. An adjacent substantially fluid-tight second enclosure (18) contains helium (24) at about atmospheric pressure. A wall (19) has an opening (20) large enough to permit X-rays (11) to pass through and yet small enough that gas (21) can be evacuated from the first enclosure (16) at least as fast as it enters through the opening (20) at the desired pressure. Intermediate enclosures (34, 34') at logarithmically increasing air pressures have similar openings (20', 20") in line with the opening (20) and a transparent portion (36) in the near wall (35) of the second enclosure (18).

Abstract: A method of forming and reading a hologram, useful for instance as a lens, is disclosed which eliminates chromatic aberrations usually present when a hologram is recorded using light of a higher frequency than that for which the hologram is to be used on reconstruction. The fringes created by the interference of two beams of radiation at the recording frequency in a first medium are transferred to a recording second medium by virtue of the second medium having a surface contiguous to the fringes in the first medium. The second medium is then developed to produce a hologram. A reconstruction beam from a laser having a lower frequency than that of the recording beams is directed at a third medium which is contiguous to a surface of the hologram so as to cause the wavelength of the read-out beam to equal that of the recording beams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repairing rails and other structural elements which have become cracked or have defects, in and by which the rail or other element is gripped and held to a substantially fixed distance between the gripping points while being heated above the diffusion bonding temperature for a period of time sufficient for diffusion bonding to take place, and for the crack or defect to be repaired by compression through thermal expansion of the element.

Abstract: An acrylic-acid- based photopolymerizable composition is prepared which is capable of binding bioactive substances after being photopolymerized. The composition may be applied as a coating on a carrier substrate, photopolymerized and a bioactive substance fixed thereto. The composition adheres well to any usual carrier substrates, and its degree of hydrophilicity and permeability can be adapted to needs. The composition contains acrylic acid, a photoinitiator which is an aromatic ketone compound, a photopolymerization activator and adhesion promotor which is an amino-alcohol, acrylate or methacrylate, and a copolymerizable olefinic monomer which contains a reactive functional group capable of binding bioactive substances. The olefinic monomer is preferably N-hydroxysuccinimide acrylate, N-hydroxysuccinninimde amidocaproate, epoxypropyl acrylate or 2-isocyanato-ethyl acrylate.

Abstract: An absorption refrigeration and heat pump system in which a higher temperature subsystem and a lower temperature subsystem are combined with the desorber means of the higher temperature subsystem in heat exchange relationship with the condenser means of the lower temperature subsystem, and in which the evaporators of each subsystems are in heat exchange relationship with either the load in one mode of operation or the heat sink in another mode of operation, and the absorbers and condenser of the lower temperature subsystem are in heat exchange relationship with the heat sink in the first mode of operation and with the load in the other mode of operation. Means are provided to balance the system including a condensate pump between the higher temperature condenser and the higher temperature desorber. Alternate means are provided to improve lower temperature heat pumping by restricting the refrigerant flow through one of the expansion valves and diverting it to the solution pump.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for obtaining fluorescence laser EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure). A lens (12) directs a pulse of radiant energy (13) onto a metal target (15) to produce X-rays (16). A baffle (17) directs the X-rays (16) onto a spectral-dispersive monochromator (18) which directs the spectrally-resolved X-rays (16R) therefrom onto a sample (11). Fluorescence X-rays (27) from the sample (11) strike a phosphor (26) on a grid (19). Emitted light (21) from the phosphor (26) corresponds spatially to the spectral resolution of the X-rays (16R). Emitted light intensity at a point along the spatial distribution corresponds to the absorption characteristics of the sample (11) at a particular wavelength of the incoming X-rays (16R). An imaging lens (20) directs the emitted light (21) onto photographic film or an array detector (22).

Abstract: A power unit combining a generator and a condenser for an adsorption heat exchange system including apparatus comprising a plurality of coaxially substantially vertical chambers in which desorption and condensation take place simultaneously in opposite walls of the chamber. Means may be provided to convey the refrigerant solution pair from one chamber to the next.

Abstract: An apparatus for the activation of a gas-operated reloading mechanism of a firearm comprising a cylindrical cartridge magazine housing along with a pressure sensing and regulating means, using a series of three chambers and a moveable piston which regulates a pressure controlling valve. Gas pressure from an exploding cartridge in the barrel of the firearm is bled into a first chamber through a passage where it displaces a piston attached to a moveable tapered stem. The tapered stem protrudes into an orifice creating a valve combination which regulates the flow of gas into a chamber which activates the reloading mechanism. High or low pressures within the gun barrel are equally capable of operating the reloading mechanism with reliability and without damage to parts.

Abstract: Apparatus for receiving light entering therein and controlling the directions in which portions of the light travel therethrough. Input means (21) directs portions (22) of the entering light (20) in a predetermined input direction (23) into a processing region (24) in a waveguide (25). Control means (26) temporarily and separately changes the index of refraction in each of a plurality of subregions (27) in the processing region (24), to modulate the light (22) travelling thereto in approximately the predetermined input direction (23) differently from any light travelling thereto in other input directions. Output means (28) receives portions (29) of the light travelling beyond the subregions (27) in at least one selected output direction (30) and responds thereto.