Abstract: Polyphthalocyanine resins are obtained by heating one or more bisorthodiniles of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents ##STR2## at temperature at or above the melting point thereof. The resins are useful in high-temperature structural composites and adhesives.

Abstract: A flexible, composite, acoustical energy transducer made from ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and/or electrostrictive materials in combination with a polymer, such as silicone or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF.sub.2), preferably having electroelastic properties. The materials are formed into platelets or wafers which have electrodes on their facial surfaces and are arranged within the polymer with each wafer in the same x-y plane such that their polarizations are in the same direction and perpendicular to the x-y plane. The wafers are aligned in directed rows, spaced from each other and are totally encased within the polymer. Thin conductive sheet or foil electrodes are secured to the upper and lower faces of the polymer and a conductive material between each wafer and the foil electrically connects the wafers to the foil electrodes. To protect the electrodes and prevent electrical shorting, a rubber coating or any other suitable insulator may be applied to the outside of the electrodes.

Abstract: Improved TRAPATT diodes in which the improvement comprises a high-temperae metallization on silicon from which the diodes are formed.Metallization is applied to a silicon wafer by sputtering a layer of titanium, chromium, tungsten alloy followed by a gold layer. The desired diode shape and size is defined in the gold layer by use of a pattern of the proper shape and size in combination with a photolithographic process. The metallization layers and the silicon are then etched so as to form a plurality of individual shaped (mesa or ring structure) TRAPATT diodes. Such diodes can withstand 610.degree. C. for one hour without degradation.

Abstract: An improved electric-discharge-excited mercury halide dissociation laser operable on the (B-X) transitions in HgCl, HgBr and HgI at 558, 502 and 443 nm respectively. The laser discharge cell is elongated and made from temperature-resistant silicon-glass laminate or any other suitable material and includes separate ceramic crucibles for containing mercuric dihalide crystals. A pair of electrodes, each having external terminals, extend along the linear axis of the cell in parallel relationship with the linear axis and each other. Ultraviolet discharge means is also provided for preionizing a buffer gas of helium to which nitrogen has been added. The improvement comprises the addition of about 10% nitrogen to the buffer gas of helium which is admitted to the laser cell prior to excitation. The addition of nitrogen may act to selectively remove the terminal levels of the mercury halide laser transitions, thereby permitting more efficient extraction of the optical energy from the laser media.

Abstract: An attachment tool and method for attaching a connector to a plastic-cove optic fiber, said connector formed with a bore slightly smaller than the covered fiber but slightly larger than the fiber core, the tool comprising a block of rigid material having a flat surface containing a straight groove running into and away from a central excision, the dimensions of the groove and excision being such that when the fiber is thread through the connector, and the connector is laid in the excision and the fiber in the groove, the fiber is substantially straight and centrally placed within the connector bore. A heater is used to heat the connector and soften the covering so that the fiber can be pulled through the bore by extrusion of the covering. The covering, which now fills the bore around the fiber core, is allowed to cool and harden, and the protruding fiber is cut off flush with the end of the connector.

Abstract: A high-power gas laser pumped by an intense, pulsed, space charge-and current-neutralized ion beam. A high-pressure gas in the laser cavity is ionized by an ion beam. Atomic processes occur which result in a population inversion for the excited states of the gas. Coherent radiation is then emitted by the excited gas atoms in the inverted state. The light is amplified as it traverses the gas. Multiple traversal can be obtained by using an optical cavity comprising mirrors which reflect the light into the excited gas so that the light can be further amplified with each pass through the cavity. Extraction of light energy is done by using a partially transmitting mirror as part of the optical cavity.

Abstract: A reflecting mirror for transforming the polarization of electromagnetic ) waves independently of the frequency of the waves and, thus, over an arbitrarily wide RF bandwidth includes two interleaved sets of planar arrays of resonant elements, both being orthogonally polarized, and each set comprising layers of the arrays which are arranged so that the layered elements of each set form a log-periodic configuration. The difference in phase between the reflection coefficient functions of the first and second sets of arrays is independent of the frequency of EM waves. Each of the arrays resonates at a different frequency and the arrays resonate over the frequency band of operation. A plane EM wave, the polarization of which has two vector components, strikes the mirror on the array having the shortest strips. The two polarization components of the wave travel into the mirror. Each component is reflected as it encounters strips of an array having a resonance which matches the resonant frequency of the component.

Abstract: A current-reducing device (fuse or switch) is described comprising a foil mber of Al or Mg which is immersed in a fluid with which it will chemically react (such as H.sub.2 O or H.sub.2 O.sub.2) above a certain temperature. The foil member is an electrical conductor but becomes an electrical insulator as a result of the chemical reaction.

Abstract: Terminated bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) alkanes, wherein the alkylene chain is om 2 to 30 carbon atoms in length, is prepared by the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with a terminated alkane diol at elevated temperatures. A polyphthalocyanine resin is obtained by heating the dicyanophenoxy alkanes neat or with a salt or metal at a temperature from about 180.degree. C. to about 245.degree. C. The polyphthalocyanine resin is useful as a high-temperature structural or composite material which is highly resistant to mechanical stresses and strains.

Abstract: A method of growing high-quality, super-abrupt, thin-film epitaxial layers independent of a GaAs substrate. An elemental semiconductor of germanium is used to initiate growth of an active material, typically doped n-type. A semi-insulating layer or n+ layer is grown on the n-type active material. Subsequent to growth of the semi-insulating layer, a thin cap of germanium is deposited on the composite. Gold is deposited onto the germanium cap to form an eutectic-alloy layer with the germanium. The alloy is formed and the composite is bonded to a metal, glass, or ceramic substrate and the semiconductor (germanium) is removed by etching and the n-layer is finally etched to provide a clean-up and to tailor the layer to a desired thickness. Subsequent steps are employed to form desired structures such as field-effect transistors or Schottky-barrier devices.

Abstract: A method of introducing magneto-optic bias into a ring laser permitting its se as a gyroscope. A Kerr reflective mirror is positioned in one leg of a triangle between reflectors at two vertices so that radiation from a reflector at one of the vertices is reflected at the maximum practical angle of incidence to a reflector at the adjacent vertex. By incorporating the reflective magneto-optic element at near-grazing incidence, full advantage is taken of the dependence of the magneto-optical properties upon angle of incidence.

Abstract: An apparatus for amplifying coherent radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths includes the combination of a travelling-wave-tube cyclotron-maser-amplifier structure and a magnetron-injection electron gun. The amplifier structure includes a fast-wave drift tube and an electromagnetic wave launcher within the bore of a superconducting magnet. The magnetron-injection electron gun is also within the bore of the magnet and is coupled to the drift tube. As a travelling wave is launched in a preferred mode in the drift tube, the electron gun injects an annular beam of relativistic electrons having both large energy transverse to the axis of the device and small energy spread into the drift tube so that the electrons gyrate at their cyclotron frequency in orbits about the lines of the axial magnetic field produced by the magnet. The travelling wave is amplified by extracting energy from the relativistic electron beam.

Abstract: Polyphthalocyanine resins are obtained by heating, at a temperature from ut 260.degree. C. to about 295.degree. C., one or more bisorthodinitriles of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R" is hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the phenyl groups are attached at the meta or para position. These resins are particularly useful in high-temperature structural composites.

Abstract: A directional hydrophone and electronic circuit combination giving a (cosp.2 .theta.) directivity pattern. A monopole transducer is placed coaxially within a ring transducer and the ring output is fed to a function-conversion electronic circuit which provides a (sin.sup.2 .theta.) output signal. This signal and the output signal of the monopole are fed to a weighted differential amplifier where they are subtracted. The output of the amplifier is a (cos.sup.2 .theta.) signal. By utilizing different components in the function-conversion circuit, the device can be made narrowband or broadband.

Abstract: The invention is a configuration of digital open-loop cancelers, each of ch uses a batch window sampling technique, for decorrelating a main input signal from a plurality of auxiliary input signals by using one or more iterations of cancellation. The main signal includes a desirable signal and undesirable interference signals. The auxiliary signals include the undesirable interference signals which are correlated with the interference of the main signal. Samples of the main signal and a first auxiliary signal are fed to a first digital canceler. The canceler batches them, (forms the samples in a group) and measures the correlation between the main signal and auxiliary signal. This measurement, or weight, is applied to each of the samples of the auxiliary signal which were used to establish the weight. The weighted auxiliary samples are subtracted from the main input signal to produce an output residue signal that is uncorrelated with the auxiliary signal.

Abstract: A method for determining the compensation density of narrow-gap semiconductors. Photo-excited carriers are generated by uniformily irradiating a sample with a laser pulse of a particular density and pulse width for a particular time length and at a low sample temperature. The laser wavelength is chosen with a photon energy sufficiently high that carriers are excited from the conduction band by normal intrinsic absorption (one-photon absorption). Subsequent to the laser pulse, conductivity-voltage measurements are taken as a function of time during the photo-electron decay. Such measurements are made for different applied source-detector connections on the same sample with identical pulse-time values for each different correction. The sample is then laser-pulsed as before with a magnetic field normal to the sample surface to obtain Hall-voltage measurements. The measurements are averaged for the same time duration and the average of all curves are used in the determination.

Abstract: An optical waveguide coupler having intersecting deep and shallow grooves in a planar solid substrate, in which the deep groove accommodates an alignment fiber for fine vertical alignment of an optical fiber with another optical fiber or with an optical component such as a switch, modulator, multiplexer or source of light. The shallow groove accommodates the optical fiber. The alignment fiber may be tapered or have any configuration such that its manipulation causes the alignment fiber to contact the underside of the optical fiber for raising or lowering the optical fiber. There may be a plurality of shallow and deep grooves for coupling more than one optical fiber.

Abstract: A collective particle accelerator including an intense relativistic elect beam (IREB) generator, an automodulation section, an acceleration region and injection region. A negative high voltage is applied to a ring cathode which produces an IREB. The IREB propagates through the accelerator. On propagating through the automodulation section, the electrons are modulated thereby forming them into ring-shaped bunches. The acceleration section is surrounded by a longitudinal uniform magnetic field along its length and is provided with special magnetic field means which changes the uniform magnetic field to a rippled magnetic field. The rippled magnetic field causes the bunches of electrons to contract and expand radially as they propagate through the rippled magnetic field which in turn causes ions or electrons injected into the system to be accelerated by attraction or repulsion as the electron rings contract and expand radially.

Abstract: A planar, optical star and access coupler for multiterminal communication systems which use multimode fibers as the transmission line either as a plurality of single fiber lines, in multichannel fiber cable or in minibundles. The fibers are placed in a row so that the core ends abut the end of a high-aspect angle rectangular cross section clad ribbon fiber which is preferably not as thick as the diameter of the core of the individual fibers for optimum packing fraction loss. Optical radiation, such as from a laser or light-emitting diode, entering the ribbon-fiber mixer element from all of the fibers on one end will be mixed by the ribbon fiber and be transmitted equally on each of the output fibers. Also, radiation from any one fiber will be divided equally between all of the transmission fibers on the opposite end of the ribbon fiber.

Abstract: An improved diode for forming an intense electron beam and propagating the eam. The diode includes a cathode having a bore, and a rod-shaped anode having a medial tapered section which extends, approximately coaxially, through the bore of the cathode. The anode tapers at or near the cathode and is formed from electrically conductive material. The cathode is made from a material which rapidly emits electrons during the early stage of an applied voltage pulse. The electrons strike the anode and form a plasma thereon. Sufficient anode current and the formation of sufficient anode plasma affect the magnetic and electric fields to pinch the electrons closer to each other and to force the electron beam to propagate along the anode and away from the cathode and voltage supply. The tapered section of the anode increases the velocity of the pinch and the density of the electron beam.