Abstract: There is disclosed a process for microencapsulation of materials by means of complex coacervation employeing gelatin and polyaspartic acid. Material to be encapsulated is emulsified in an aqueous solution of gelatin. Polyaspartic acid or a salt thereof is employed to provide a counter ion to the gelatin which, when induced to precipitate from solution by cooling and/or pH change forms a wall around the material. The wall is hardened by crosslinking to form a stable microcapsule containing the material.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel cross linked polyanhydroaspartic acid which is the product of the reaction of a polysuccinidmide with triaminononoane (TAN). Depending upon the amount a cross linking agent employed compositions of varying degrees of cross linking are produced. Mole ratio of polysuccinimide to TAN such as from 3 to 1 provides a water insoluble material while a mole ratio of 102 to 1 provides a water soluble material at 28% by weight. Such compounds find utility as thickeners, deflocculants, flocculants and water absorbers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing novel tacking agents for glass fiber insulation. The tacking agent solution is prepared by adding a condensed phosphate to an aqueous solution of aluminum orthophosphate to provide a homogeneous solution having an Al:P molar ratio of less than 1, preferably 1:3 and wherein the amount of condensed phosphate comprises from about 25 to about 75 percent of the total phosphate in the solution. The tacking agent is applied to glass fiber in the preparation of insulating articles and then heated to convert the tacking agent into a non-hygroscopic, water insoluble, amorphous, condensed aluminum phosphate polymer. The tacking agent resiliently tacks the glass fibers together so as to provide regain of shape after deformation of the fibers as by compression.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing polyaspartic acid by thermal condensation of L-aspartic acid in a novel catalyst which shortens the reaction time and increases the molecular weight of the polymer. The novel catalyst is a catalytically effective methylenephosphonic acid. Typical catalysts are 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid). The methylenephosphonic acid is blended with the amino acid in a molar ratio of amino acid to catalyst in the range of from about 1:1 to 40:1.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions comprising certain amino acids such as polyaspartic acid or aspartic acid/glutamic acid copolymers when at least partially protonated at pH of 7 or below effectively clean ferrous metal surfaces by contacting said surfaces with said compositions.

Abstract: The composition comprises dimagnesium phosphates in combination with a carbonate factor. The dimagnesium phosphates comprise a mixture of dimagnesium phosphates trihydrate, amorphous dimagnesium phosphate and possibly a small amount of dimagnesium pyrophosphate. The dimagnesium phosphates are prepared by removal of water from dimagnesium phosphate trihydrate wherein the weight loss on drying is in the range of from about 10% to about 25% at a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., depending upon drying conditions.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel water soluble metal working fluids comprising polyaspartic acid and salts thereof useful as a lubricant in process to cut, bend, grind and shape both ferrous and non-ferrous metal. The polyaspartic acid and salts thereof are particularly advantageous in that the fluids can be easily disposed of after use with special treatment because polyaspartic acid and salts thereof are readily biodegradable.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the fermentation by yeast of sugar to alcohol wherein a portion of the nutrient phosphate is provided by one or more condensed phosphates. It has been found that when condensed phosphates are employed as the nutrient source the fermentation rate increases. In addition, the rate increase is only observed when an increase in macronutrient elements is provided in conjunction with the condensed phosphates to compensate for the elements sequestered by the condensed phosphates.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing mixed alkali metal salts of tripolyphosphate. A solution of mixed orthophosphate salts, such as sodium and potassium is dried by spraying the mixture onto a hot tumbling bed of a mixture of phosphate salts. The dried salts are then calcined at a temperature in the range of from about 350.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C., preferably above 500.degree. C. to form the mixed alkali metal salt of tripolyphosphate.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous stable liquid bleaching compositions comprising a sulfone diperoxycarboxylic acid, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant and optionally a salt stabilizer.

Abstract: A process for preparing high absorptivity granular sodium phosphate mixtures made of sodium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphates, metaphosphates and orthophosphates by hydrating and dehydrating a mixture comprising sodium tripolyphosphate in major proportion, and recovering the high absorptivity granular sodium phosphate mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing granular esters in one step by the reaction of an alcohol with acid chloride in an aqueous alkaline medium with moderate shear agitation and optionally in the presence of a surfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of producing carbonate esters wherein an alkyl chloroformate is reacted with a phenolsulfonate in an alkaline medium and discloses the improvement of conducting the reaction in the presence of an organic solvent.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the semi-continuous production of phosphorus trichloride by the reaction of elemental phosphorus and chlorine in a liquid phosphorus trichloride layer. In accordance with the present invention periodic termination of the process by discontinuing phosphorus feed thereby creating a heel containing residual phosphorus is rendered more safe and less waste is produced by the improvement which comprises chlorinating the residual phosphorus at a substantially constant flow rate and continuing the chlorine feed rate until after observing at least one of either a step-wise decrease in the pressure within the reactor or a step-wise decrease in the flow rate of phosphorus trichloride removed from the reactor and then terminating the chlorine feed when said pressure and flow rate achieve a substantially steady state at a lower value.

Abstract: A process for preparing precursors for amido containing organic peracids is disclosed wherein a diester of a dibasic acid is reacted with an amine to provide a mono amido carboxylic acid ester. The reaction is conducted in a reaction column to provide a highly selective reaction which limits the amount of diamide produced. The selective reaction is conducted with a moderate excess of diester and may be conveniently operated on a continuous basis.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel glass fiber particularly useful for preparing formed insulating articles having on the surface of the fibers an amorphous aluminum phosphate polymer wherein the polymer resiliently tacks the glass fibers together so as to provide regain of shape after deformation of the fibers as by compression. Also disclosed is a process for preparing glass fiber articles wherein the fibers are contacted with an ionic polymer which is then dehydrated to form an amorphous non-hygroscopic polymer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the hydration of an acid selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid, sodium hydrogen maleate and mixtures thereof to malic acid in an aqueous reaction mixture in excellent yields and with particularly high purity by performing the synthesis in the presence of sodium ions in the molar ratio of sodium ions to acid or salt thereof in the range of from 0.2 to about 0.5.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the controlled hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride which avoids the formation of lower oxides of phosphorus, phophines and diphosphines wherein phosphorus pentachloride is added to the phosphorus trichloride from about 20 to about 90 percent by weight of the phosphorus trichloride and then water in the form of finely divided droplets is added over the surface of the phosphorus trichloride while the temperature is controlled to below about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel process of preparing highly pure monoamido acid by the reaction of a dibasic acid and an amine wherein a large molar excess of dibasic acid is utilized and conveniently recovered for recycle in the process to prepare additional amounts of the said monoamido acid. It has been discovered that amidation of both acid groups of the dibasic acid is held to low levels while efficiency of the reaction is maintained by recycle of unreacted starting acid. The unwanted diamido compound is separated from the desired product by first forming a water soluble salt of the monoamido acid then removing it from the insoluble diamido by-product by conventional means such as filtration. The desired monoamido acid may be recovered by acidification of the salt thereby precipitating the acid for easy recovery from an aqueous medium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing sulfonyl acids from mercaptans in a single reactor. The mercaptan is converted to a mercaptide and reacted with an acrylic acid or salt thereof in a basic reaction medium. After formation of the thioether, the reaction medium is treated with chlorine gas to oxidize the thioether to the sulfone. Mild conditions and readily available starting materials render the method capable of preparing such acids efficiently in large scale amounts.