Abstract: A process for preparing precursors for amido containing organic peracids is disclosed wherein a diester of a dibasic acid is reacted with an amine to provide a mono amido ester carboxylic acid ester. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a carboxylic acid whereby the rate of reaction to form the mono amido ester of the dibasic acid is increased. The esters are converted to acids highly desirable as precursers for peracids useful as bleaches in laundry detergents.

Abstract: A bag having a filling valve integral with and extending though an end closure section of the bag adapted to be sealed by electromagnetic field induction heating. Valves having a thermoplastic polymeric inner layer are provided with metal foil adjacent to at least a part of the layer as means for inductively heating the polymeric inner layer. Methods and apparatus of sealing a bag having such a filling valve are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N,O-diacyl,N-acyl hydroxylamines and their use as bleach activators in conjunction with oxygen-releasing compounds.

Abstract: A process of this invention for producing glyoxylate esters is carried out by contacting a with a catalyst comprising ferric phosphate on an alumina supportfeed composition comprising an oxygen containing gas and a vaporized lower alkyl ester of glycolic acid. The process of the invention can be carried out as either a fixed bed or a fluid bed operation.

Abstract: Compositions and process for activating metal surfaces prior to coating with zinc phosphate are disclosed. A Jernstedt salt concentrate is provided which can be employed to prepare Jernstedt salt baths of the type desired by combining the concentrate with additional alkali metal phosphate. Improved activation of metal surfaces are achieved by incorporating a chloride ion producing compound in the activating bath.

Abstract: A bag having a filling valve integral with and extending through an end closure section of the bag adapted to be sealed by electromagnetic field induction heating. Valves having a thermoplastic polymeric inner layer are provided with metal foil adjacent to at least a part of the layer as means for inductively heating the polymeric inner layer. The thermoplastic polymeric inner layer can comprise polyolefins and the metal foil can comprise aluminum. Methods of sealing a bag having such a filling valve are provided.

Abstract: Disodium tartrate which can be easily converted to tartaric acid is produced by hydrolysis of an epoxysuccinate. Formation of impurities is minimized and the reaction time shortened by performing the hydrolysis under superatmospheric pressure and elevated temperature at a pH in the range of from about 6 to about 11.

Abstract: A process for the removal of sulfur dioxide from gasses produced by processes resulting in off gases at elevated temperatures as in the combustion of sulfur containing fuels such as coal and fuel oil by contacting the gasses with a composition including a source of calcium, and a catalytically effective amount of a molybdenum containing catalyst for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide which then reacts with the calcium compound to form calcium sulfate.

Abstract: Compositions and process are disclosed for treating freshly cut surfaces of edible plant parts by dipping the freshly cut parts in an aqueous solution containing edible ingredients which simultaneously protects the plant parts from degradation and coloration by oxidative, enzymatic, microbial and metal ion effects.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing sulfonyl acids from mercaptans in a single reactor. The mercaptan is converted to mercaptide and reacted with a lactone or lactam in an organic solvent which is removed after formation of a thioether containing acid. Water is provided as a solvent for the oxidation of the thioether to the sulfone. Mild conditions and readily available starting materials render the method capable of preparing such acids in large scale amounts.

Abstract: There is disclosed novel leavening systems, doughs and baked goods which employ stabilized x-ray amorphous calcium carbonate as the carbonate factor in combination with suitable leavening acids. Also disclosed are sodium-free leavening systems providing equivalent performance of previously known sodium containing leavening systems.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein improved processes for the preparation of mixtures of alkali metal salts of 1-hydroxy-3-oxa-1,2,4,5-pentane tetracarboxylate and alkali metal salts of 3,6-dioxa-1,2,4,5,7,8-octane hexacarboxylate wherein by-product calcium carbonate produced by the process of making such mixtures is employed in a recycle pattern to prepare additional amounts of mixtures of said compounds.

Abstract: Unmilled commercially available granular "natural" soda ash is reacted with orthophosphoric acid to produce a highly concentrated slurry at a molar Na:P ratio of about 1.5 in a continuous process. Problems associated with incomplete reaction are solved and the slurry can be dried to the double salt Na.sub.3 H.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 or reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a superior precursor for manufacturing sodium tripolyphosphate.

Abstract: Hydrolytically stable liquid detergent formulations are disclosed containing the potassium salt of polymeric acetal carboxylates. Such liquid formulations remain single phase for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A method of carbonylation of formaldehyde is disclosed. In the method, an aqueous formaldehyde concentrate comprising between about 60% by weight and about 85% by weight formaldehyde, carbon monoxide and sulfuric acid are brought together in the absence of an effective amount of added Group IB cocatalyst in a reaction zone under a carbon monoxide partial pressure in the reaction zone of not greater than about 1.72.times.10.sup.7 N/M.sup.2. A carbonylation reaction is thereby effected in which a carbonylation product is produced comprising at least about 2% by weight sulfuric acid and a mixture of compounds of the formula:HO(CH.sub.2 COO).sub.n Hwherein n is a positive integer of at least 1. Also disclosed is a method for preparation of an alkyl glycolate by esterification of the carbonylation reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing an ethylenediamine intermediate for the production of an ethylenediaminetetraacetonitrile. Formaldehyde is combined with ethylenediamine at a mole ratio of 1 to 2 respectively wherein the molar ratio of ethylenediamine to formaldehyde in the reaction mixture at least 0.48 or greater.

Abstract: Aminomethylenephosphonate-coated granules of substantially water-insoluble silicate having improved stability in the presence of peroxygen compounds. Such coatings can comprise alkali metal aminomethylenephosphonate of the formula: ##STR1## where each R is H, CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 or CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 HM or CH.sub.2 PO.sub.3 M.sub.2 ; where M is an alkali metal; and n is 0 or an integer, preferably an integer of from 1 to 4. The coatings are substantially free of peroxygen compounds and peroxy compound precursors.

Abstract: Polymeric phosphonate anhydrides are formed by dehydrating a reaction mixture comprising a salt of a diphosphonic acid. The invention includes the polymeric phosphonate, its method of preparation, and a primary use.

Abstract: Solid phase compositions having improved storage stability comprising polymeric acetal carboxylates in intimate admixture with a basic additive and a method of producing such admixtures are disclosed. The compositions are useful as builders in detergent formulations.

Abstract: Ester derivatives of N-arylsulfinyl-N-phosphonomethylglycinonitriles useful as herbicides. Also described is a process for preparing the same, herbicidal compositions containing the same, and herbicidal methods employing such glycinonitriles and herbicidal compositions.