Abstract: In an anomaly monitoring device, in which an output signal from an encoder is input as an analog input signal via a wiring system, for detecting anomalies in the encoder or the wiring system, provided are a voltage level based device, a pulse number based device and a pulse width based device. The voltage level based device detects anomalies when the voltage level of the analog input signal exists within a prescribed range. The pulse number based device detects anomalies when the difference in the numbers of pulses of digital signals corresponding to the analog input signals is equal to or greater than a prescribed threshold value. The pulse width based device detects anomalies when the pulse width of the digital signals, measured from a combined signal of the digital signals or each of the digital signals, is different from the pulse width in a past control period.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method of predicting a radio-wave environment. The apparatus may include an arrival recognition unit to determine whether a ray emitted from a transmission unit of the ray tracing scheme arrives within a reception radius, a position determination unit to determine an arrival position where the ray arrives within the reception radius, and a processing unit to correct the reception radius by differently applying a size of the ray according to the arrival position.

Abstract: A wireless communication device having an antenna area includes at least a first component, a second component and a connector. The connector is made of ceramic material and is disposed in the antenna area for fixing and connecting the first component and the second component so as to avoid interference with the antenna. Adopting the ceramic connecters enables the wireless communication device to have the advantages of good locking performance, good antennal transmission efficiency and elegant appearance simultaneously and to provide an electrostatic shielding function.

Abstract: Provided is a method for making a ceramic clay brick using waste battery powder. Valuables of the waste batteries are separated through a crushing, pyrolysis, pulverizing, and magnetic separation processes. The remaining waste battery powder is processed in order to utilize the remaining waste battery powder as a colorant in a brick making process. Clay powder is added to the processed waste battery powder to make a black-colored, dark red-colored, or dark brown-colored brick according to its contents. According to the present invention, since the waste battery powder mainly including manganese and zinc can be processed into the colorant and mixed with the clay powder to make the black-colored, dark red-colored, or dark brown-colored brick according to its contents, purchase costs MnO2 used as the colorant during the making process of the ceramic brick can be remarkably reduced. In addition, superior bricks can be made at low cost.

Abstract: A magnetic transfer device and method are provided. A magnetic field generating structure comprises a pair of permanent magnets connected to a return yoke. Respective magnetic poles of the magnets, of a different polarity from one another, oppose each other with a conjoined body disposed therebetween. The magnetic field generating structure is moved from a position at an outer periphery of the conjoined body, to a position at an inner periphery of the conjoined body, and then moved from the position at the inner periphery across the conjoined body toward the outer periphery, to a position outside of the conjoined body. The return yoke is positioned at a radially more outward position, toward the outer periphery, than are the permanent magnets. The movement of the magnetic field generating structure is carried out while maintaining a constant distance from the rotating conjoined body.

Abstract: A switching power supply circuit that obtains a predetermined DC voltage output from an input AC power supply includes a full-wave rectifier and a boost circuit connected to the rectifier. The boost circuit generates a DC output having a predetermined voltage value from the rectifier output. A power factor improving circuit controls an ON-period of an output transistor of the boost circuit, based on feedback of the DC voltage output, and a dynamic over-voltage-protection circuit controls the ON-period of the output transistor as it performs a switching operation. The switching power supply circuit facilitates an over-voltage-protection function that prevents inductor buzzing with an integrated circuit having a small number of pins.

Abstract: An optical signal generator includes a splitter, a first modulator, a second modulator, a signal-switching unit and a multiplexer. The splitter splits an optical pulse train into a first pulse train and a second pulse train. The first modulator receives the first pulse train and first data signal, and generates a first modulation signal by performing on-off-keying or phase modulation on the first pulse train based on the strength of the first data signal. The second modulator receives the second pulse train and second data signal, and generates a second modulation signal by performing the on-off-keying or phase modulation on the second pulse train based on the strength of the second data signal. The signal-switching unit delays pulses of the second modulation signal or adjusts a phase of a carrier included in the second modulation signal according to a switching signal. The multiplexer generates an optical modulation signal by multiplexing the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The semiconductor device has an active surface. The semiconductor device includes at least a connecting element and at least a bump. The connecting element is disposed on the activate surface and has a minimum dimension smaller than 100 microns. The bump is disposed on the connecting element and is electrically connected to the active surface by the connecting element. The bump includes a pillar part disposed on the connecting element and a top part disposed on the top of the pillar part. The pillar part has a first dimension and a second dimension both parallel to the active surface. The first dimension is longer than 1.2 times the second dimension. The top part is composed of solder and will melt under a pre-determined temperature. The pillar part will not melt under the pre-determined temperature.

Abstract: A multi-function MMIC operated by a switch using an amplifier is disclosed. A switch may be configured by connecting an input or an output of a plurality of amplifiers, and an insertion loss may be reduced by selecting a transmission mode or a reception mode of an MMIC using the switch. A noise characteristic, a power characteristic, and a gain characteristic may also be improved.

Abstract: A method and system for protection switching in Ethernet rings are disclosed. The method for protection switching in Ethernet rings includes: receiving a server signal fail (SSF), an Ethernet lower layer fault signal, a remote defect indication (RDI) for informing a different port about a fault state when a uni-directional fault is generated, and ring-automatic protection switching (R-APS) information for requesting Ethernet ring protection switching; comparing the SSF, the RDI, and the R-APS information, and setting states of the first and second Ethernet rings; determining a protection switching priority level of each of the first and second Ethernet rings according to the states of the first and second Ethernet rings; and performing protection switching on the first and second Ethernet rings according to their protection switching priority levels.

Abstract: A motion vector searching apparatus to which a reference image, an object image and weight parameters for the reference image are inputted and searches a motion vector based thereon is provides. The motion vector searching apparatus includes an inverse weighting section that generates an inverse weighted object image by performing, on the object image using the weight parameter, a weighting inverse from a weighting performed on the reference image using the weight parameter; an image comparing section that compares the generated inverse weighted object image with the reference image to obtain a comparison value indicating a degree of approximation between the two images; and a determination section that determines an optimum motion vector from the comparison value.

Abstract: There are provided: a means (101a) for storing standard head related transfer functions for reference positions from a virtual listener; a means (101) for, when given information (DIR, DIST) about a virtual sound source position, forming head related transfer functions (hL(k), hR(k)) as left ear and right ear head related transfer functions by selecting one of the stored standard head related transfer functions or by selecting two or more of them and interpolating; means (102, 103) for imprinting a sense of direction and distance on the audio listening signal by using the head related transfer functions thus obtained; and means (104, 105) for correcting a distance related to the obtained head related transfer functions and the sense of distance to the virtual sound source position, in the audio listening signals (sL(n), sR(n)) given the sense of direction and distance or the source audio listening signal (s(n)). A highly precise sense of distance can be provided in a small structure.

Abstract: During single operation of a distributed power supply system that has been disconnected from a commercial electric power system, a frequency increase monitoring circuit is operated and an instruction to output a larger amount of a constant reactive current is given to a reactive current controlling unit. After the output frequency of the distributed power supply exceeds a frequency increase level, the level of an active current is limited in accordance with the level of the outputted reactive current.

Abstract: A resistive memory device is provided. The resistive memory device includes a bottom electrode, a resistance-variable layer, and a top electrode. The resistance-variable layer is disposed on the bottom electrode. The top electrode is disposed on the resistance-variable layer. The resistance-variable layer includes a conductive polymer layer that reacts with the top electrode to form an oxide layer.

Abstract: The contact resistance between an Ohmic electrode and an electron transit layer is reduced compared with a case in which the Ohmic electrode is provided to a depth less than the heterointerface. As a result, for an Ohmic electrode provided in a structure comprising an electron transit layer formed of a first semiconductor layer formed on a substrate, an electron supply layer comprising a second semiconductor layer forming a heterojunction with the electron transit layer and having a smaller electron affinity than the first semiconductor layer, and a two-dimensional electron layer induced in the electron transit layer in the vicinity of the heterointerface, the end portion of the Ohmic electrode is positioned in the electron transit layer in penetration into the electron supply layer at a depth equal to or greater than the heterointerface.

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a camera module including a sensor package having an image pickup element, and a lens configuration in which a lens holder, and a receptacle accommodating the sensor package are integrally formed, the sensor package being fixed within the receptacle, the method including: applying a photo-curing resin to predetermined portions of the receptacle; performing alignment of a relative position of the sensor package to the lens configuration; a first joining whereby the photo-curing resin is cured so that the sensor package is fixed within the receptacle while maintaining the relative position of the sensor package to the lens configuration; and a second joining whereby a thermosetting resin is applied so as to fill a space formed between the sensor package and the lens configuration, and then curing the thermosetting resin.

Abstract: A power detection method applied to a peripheral apparatus is provided. The method includes the following steps. First, a power signal is received from a data communication interface. Next, it is determined that whether the power signal is able to drive a main function device of the peripheral apparatus. Then, according to the determination result, the power signal is selectively provided to the main function device to drive the main function device.

Abstract: The invention provides a key update system for a multihop network system including an authentication management device that manages keys using a hierarchical structure. That device constructs key information having a hierarchical structure in accordance with the structure of the multihop network. In addition, that device determines respective encryption keys for encrypting the keys based on the key information, and the communication terminals obtain the respective keys. In this system, that device includes a key tree management portion that constructs and manages the key information; an encryption portion that encrypts the keys using the keys included in the key information; and a transmission portion that transmits the encrypted keys. Each communication terminal includes a receiving portion that receives the encrypted keys; a key management portion that manages the keys that need to be held and stored by the given communication terminal; and a decryption portion that decrypts the encrypted keys.

Abstract: A vehicle transmission can comprise a plurality of gears, and a shift cam coupled to the gears to at least partly control shifting of the gears. The shift cam comprise a plurality of grooves each with respective positions corresponding to gear speeds, and further including a neutral position, wherein the neutral position is below a position corresponding to a lowest gear speed in a view of at least a portion of the shift cam. A rotation angle of the shift cam between the neutral position and a lowest step corresponding to the lowest gear speed can be different from that between any adjacent shift steps, respectively corresponding to other gear speeds.