Abstract: The present invention relates to a gel comprising A) a solution of at least one organic peroxide essentially solubilized in a phlegmatizer, B) at least one cellulose ester as thickening agent essentially solubilized in solution A, and C) at least one thixotropic agent selected from hydrogenated castor oil and fumed silica. These gels offer the advantages of essentially no phase segregation during storage, essentially no formation of solid crystals during storage, and easy metering into thermoset resins because of their thixotropic behavior. Furthermore, these gels may be transparent, with the advantage that brightly colored gels may be prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A process for reducing the content of organic and inorganic halogen in an aqueous solution of a nitrogen-containing epihalohydrin-based resin, in which process the aqueous resin solution is subjected to an electrodialysis treatment. The aqueous resin solutions obtained by the process are used as additives in the production of paper, board and paper board, in particular as wet-strength agents.

Abstract: An aqueous anionic sizing dispersion which comprises an anionic dispersion of a cellulose-reactive sizing agent and colloidal anionic aluminum modified silica-based particles. The dispersion is used in the production of paper, board or cardboard whereby the dispersion is either added to the stock or applied as a surface size.

Abstract: A rubber composition which is the vulcanization reaction product of a rubber, particular anti-reversion coagents, and a sulfide resin, is disclosed. The invention also relates to a vulcanization process which is carried out in the presence of an anti-reversion coagent and a sulfide resin and the use of an anti-reversion coagent in combination with sulfide resin in a process for the vulcanization of rubber. The resulting vulcanized rubbers have significantly improved physical properties.

Abstract: The invention pertains to adhesive compositions comprising water glass, at least one oligosaccharide with more than three saccharide units, and at least one mono-, di- or tri-saccharide. Preferably, the oligosaccharide is a low-molecular weight dextrin. Such compositions demonstrate not only a high curing rate and a good wet tack, but also an excellent storage stability. The compositions are useful as a glue or sizing agent. When they are used as a glue, improved crush values of the finished products are observed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula 1 ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and -R.sub.4 -R.sub.5 where R.sub.4 is selected from nothing C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 linear or branched alkylene C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 arylene, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkarylene and C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 arlkylene; and R.sub.5 is one of hydrogen, hydroxy, --CO.sub.2 Z, phenyl hydroxyphenyl pyridyl, nitrophenyl, furyl, and thienyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from a group of the formula --R.sub.4 --R.sub.6 ; where R.sub.4 is as defined above and R.sub.6 is one of hydrogen, hydroxy --CO.sub.2 Z. --CH(CO.sub.2 Z)--CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 Z and NR.sub.7 R.sub.8 ; where R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently selected from a group of the formula: --(CH.sub.2)k--R.sub.g : where k.dbd.0-20 and R.sub.g is one of hydrogen, hydroxy, --CO.sub.2 Z. and --CH(CO.sub.2 Z)--CH.sub.2 --CO.sub.2 Z: wherein Y is selected from --CO.sub.2 Z. --SO.sub.3 Z and --C.dbd.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of paper from a suspension of cellulose containing fibers, and optional fillers, comprising adding to the suspension a low molecular weight cationic organic polymer, a high molecular weight cationic or amphoteric polymer and anionic inorganic particles, forming and draining the suspension on a wire, wherein the low molecular weight polymer has a molecular weight below 700,000 and the high molecular weight polymer has a molecular weight above 1,000,000, said polymers being simultaneously added to the suspension.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper from a suspension of cellulose containing fibers, and optional fillers, which comprises adding an aluminum compound and anionic inorganic particles to the suspension, forming and draining the suspension on a wire, wherein the aluminum compound and anionic inorganic particles are mixed immediately prior to addition to the suspension.

Abstract: A method, based on UV/VIS/NIR/IR (including Raman spectroscopy), is provided for the qualitative and quantitative determination of quality parameters in pulp and paper and/or the organic content in effluents from pulp and paper production, by applying chemometric methods.

Abstract: In a method of producing a suspension of a nonionic cellulose ether that has no turbidity point, the water forming part of the suspension is mixed with a dry mixture containing a cellulose ether, which is cross-linked with glyoxal, and an electrolyte salt. This electrolyte salt consists of a salt of a mixture of salts which, in water and at the concentration employed, results in a pH value below 8.0. Preferably, the cellulose ether is a hydroxyethylcellulose.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to a process for modification of cationic starch at which the cationic starch is treated, in the presence of water, with an aluminium compound. The modified cationic starch is useful as a retention agent. The invention also relates to a method for improving retention and/or dewatering in papermaking at which cationic starch is modified by the process.

Abstract: A transportable, storage stable cyclic ketone peroxide composition which comprises 1.0-90% by weight of one or more cyclic ketone peroxides and 10-99% by weight of one or more diluents selected from the group consisting of liquid phlegmatizers for the cyclic ketone peroxides, plasticizers, solid polymeric carriers, inorganic supports, organic peroxides and mixtures thereof, is disclosed. Also disclosed is the use of these cyclic ketone peroxide formulations in the modification of (co)polymers. These formulations provide a surprising degree of polymer modification when compared to their non-cyclic ketone peroxide counterparts.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion comprising particles of a zeolite having a hydrophobicity of below about 9.0 percent by weight residual butanol as determined by the Residual Butanol Test, which dispersion comprises a stabilizing amount of biogum. Production of the dispersion comprising mixing zeolite particles with a biogum into a dry mixture; and mixing the dry mixture with water under agitation into a homogeneous mixture. Use of the dispersion for binding particles of zeolite to fibers. Production of paper or paperboard by forming and dewatering a suspension of cellulosic fibers wherein dewatering is carried out in the presence of particles of a zeolite, the dispersion being added to the suspension prior to dewatering. Production of dry-laid paper, nonwoven or fluff pulp, in which cellulosic fibers are carried by a gas stream, in which the dispersion is sprayed onto the fibers while they are carried by the gas stream.

Abstract: In the evaporation of process wastewater comprising a mixture of different types of wastewater, problems arise due to the formation of reaction products, so-called incrustations, which are difficult to separate. These incrustations clog up the evaporator, thus necessitating frequent stoppages for chemical and mechanical cleaning of the evaporator. The invention concerns an improved method for concentrating process wastewater by evaporation. In this method, one acid process flow and one alkaline process flow are evaporated alternately in one and the same evaporator. With this method, precipitates that are difficult to separate are dissolved in the evaporator during the respective evaporations. As a result, stoppages motivated by the need to clean the evaporator may be avoided to the utmost possible extent, while less and cheaper processing equipment is required.

Abstract: This invention is related to a process for producing pulp from a cellulosic starting material, wherein an aqueous process effluent is purified from metal impurity cations. This process comprises that the effluent is purified by an electro-chemical membrane treatment in an electrochemical membrane device comprising a unit cell through which an electric current is passed between an anode side and a cathode side of said cell, said cell comprising at least two ion permeable membranes forming between them at least one compartment, said effluent being fed into an effluent feed compartment in said cell, in which the effluent is purified by removing with the electric current metal impurity cations from the effluent through a cation selective membrane on the cathode side of said compartment, and withdrawing from said compartment the purified effluent. The purified effluent may be recirculated to the pulp mill process, e.g. as washing water.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper by mixing an aqueous phase comprising white water with cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, in a mixing stage to form an aqueous suspension, draining the suspension in the presence of a drainage or retention aid to form a fibre containing sheet or web and white water, and recirculating at least part of the white water to the mixing stage, whereby at least part of the white water is subject to electrodialysis before the mixing stage.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for reducing the content of organic solvent in an aqueous dispersion of a cellulose-reactive hydrophobing agent, prepared by emulsifying a molten cellulose-reactive hydrophobing agent containing organic solvent in an aqueous solution containing one or more emulsifying agents. The method comprises contacting the aqueous dispersion under agitation with a sorbent, said sorbent having the capacity of absorbing or adsorbing organic molecules, or a gas, whereby the solvent is transferred to the sorbent or the gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is carboxymethyl inulin having a degree of substitution (DS) ranging from 0,15 to 2,5, preferably from 0,5 to 1,5, a process for the preparation of said carboxymethyl inulin by reacting inulin at a concentration of at least 100 g/l, preferably at least 200 g/l, at elevated temperature with an aqueous alkaline solution of monochloroacetic acid, followed by working up the reaction mixture according to a method known in the chemical art, and the use of said carboxymethyl inulin as inhibitor for the crystallization of calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aluminosilicate containing at least 9 weight percent alumina, having a BET surface area of 300-600 m.sup.2 /g, and an average pore volume of of 0.2-0.5 ml/g is disclosed. The process includes the steps of preparing an aqueous solution comprising at least one metal silicate, adjusting the pH of said aqueous solution comprising at least one metal silicate with a sufficient amount of an aqueous solution comprising at least one aluminum salt to produce an aqueous solution having a pH of 4.4-7.7, precipitating aluminosilicate from the aqueous solution by concurrently dosing additional aqueous solution comprising at least one metal silicate in such a manner such that the pH is maintained at 4.4-7.7, steps (a)-(c) being carried out at a temperature of 0.degree.-80.degree. C. and isolating said aluminosilicate. The aluminosilicate is useful as a pressure sensitive pigment in carbonless copy paper.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a process for preparing an N-substituted aldonamide by reacting an aldonic acid in a polar organic solvent with an amine of the formula HNR.sup.1 (X--NR.sup.1)nR.sup.2, wherein R1 and R.about. may be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon separated by a hetero-atom or not, an amino acid ester, an amino acid amide, an ether amine or an N-alkanoyl alkylene diamine according to the formula R.sup.3 --C(O)N(H)--R.sup.4 --, wherein R.sup.3 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl and R.sup.4 =C.sub.2 -C.sub.22 branched or linear alkylene group, which may contain heteroatoms like N, O, and S, X is a difunctional (cyclo)aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon separated or not by a heteroatom or a hydrocarbon substituted hetero-atom, and n=0 or 1, with the proviso that when n=0, R.sup.1 and R.sup.