Abstract: A method and container for transporting and storing chemical compounds susceptible to exothermic decomposition. The method including placing the chemical compounds in a container where the opening and the rim of the container are sealed by means of a cover and a clamping strap, and the clamping strap is designed to release the cover from the rim of said container at a predetermined level of superatmospheric pressure in the container to open up the entire top for relief of the superatmospheric pressure. When exothermic decomposition occurs, the invention provides substantial and instant pressure relief, which, in turn, avoids cracking and/or fragmentation of the container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic sugar surfactants with improved biodegradability that can be used as hydrotropes for surfactants, especially for nonionic alkylene oxide adducts in alkaline solutions, and as cleaners for hard surfaces. The cationic sugar surfactants contain at least one hydrocarbon group with 6-24 carbon atoms and at least one quaternary ammonium group where at least one substituent is an alkyleneoxy containing group which is connected to a saccharide residue by a glycosidic bond. They are obtained from ethoxylated quaternary ammounium compounds and reducing saccharides or alkyl glycosides.

Abstract: The process according to the present invention relates to the treatment of wastewater discharged from a bleach plant and more particularly treatment of bleach plant alkaline wash filtrate from treatment-steps and/or delignification/bleaching-steps of pulp. Further improvements of known processes are needed for solving the problems associated with the recovery of alkaline filtrates into the chemical recovery system. According to the process of the present invention, alkaline wash filtrate from treatment-steps and/or delignification/bleaching-steps of pulp is treated in a process by the following steps: i) treating at least a part of the alkaline filtrate in order to produce an alkaline concentrate enriched in high molecular weight dissolved organic compounds and a stream depleted in organic compounds, where the share of the alkaline concentrate to the total amount of the alkaline filtrate corresponds to a volume reduction factor (VRP) in the range of from about 2.0 up to about 7.

Abstract: Animal feed is disclosed, which contains a polyethylene glycol compound selected from a group consisting of: a) a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 3,000-15,000; b) an ethoxylate of a carboxylic acid having 8-24 carbon atoms; c) an ethoxylate of a mono-, di- or triglyceride containing at least one acyl group having 8-24 carbon atoms; d) an ethoxylate of a mono-, di- or triester of sorbita with a carboxylic ester having 8-24 carbon atoms; and e) an ethoxylate of an alcohol having 8-24 carbon atoms, wherein the ethoxylates b), c), d) and e) have a molecular weight of 15,000 at most and, in an amount of more than 75% by weight, consist of ethyleneoxy units. In addition to the polyethylene glycol compound, the animal feed may also contain 10-70% by weight of cereals, 0-15% by weight of feed fat, 10-50% by weight of protein-containing nutritious substances other than cereals, and 1-10% by weight of vitamins, minerals, enzymes, flavourings, antibiotics, probiotics and other animal feed additives.

Abstract: A method of reducing the clogging of nozzles and slits and diminishing the formation of deposits in a spin bath system in a process of making viscose filamentary and film materials by using, as a spin bath additive, an amphoteric surfactant having the formula I, and a spin bath system including an amphoteric surfactant having the formula I RNA (CnH2nNA)x−1A  (I) where R represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, each A represents a hydrogen, an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, or BOOCCmH2m— groups, where m is a number from 1-3, B is hydrogen or a salt forming cation, n is a number from 2-3, x is 1-8, and the number of BOOCCmH2m— groups are from 1 to x+2, with the provision that the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic groups is from 8 to 45. The amphoteric surfactant has an excellent anticlogging effect, since it is a good dispersant and prevents or reduces precipitation in the spin bath.

Abstract: An aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention further relates to a process for the production of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound which comprises incorporating a nitrogen-containing organic compound into a silica-based sol containing silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention also relates to the use of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica as a flocculating agent in the production of pulp and paper and in water purification.

Abstract: The invention comprises an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble, polyamidoamine- epichlorohydrin resin, said solution having a reduced halogen content and effective wet strength agent properties, obtained by subjecting an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble polyamido-amine-epichlorohydrin resin to an organic halogen content reducing after-treatment wherein the total halogen content is below 1% by weight, calculated on solid resin and the halogen content is below 0.1% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to associative cellulose ethers with improved thickening effects, especially in paint. The improvement depends on the presence of a hydrophobic modifying group of the general formula where R is an aliphatic group of 12-22 carbon atoms and n is a number from 3 to 7. The DS of the hydrophobic group is 0.003 to 0.012.

Abstract: A vulcanized rubber composition which comprises the vulcanization reaction product of 100 parts by weight of at least one natural or synthetic rubber; 0.1 to 25 parts by weight of sulfur and/or a sufficient amount of a sulfur donor to provide the equivalent of 0.1 to 25 parts by weight of sulfur; 10-100 parts by weight of at least one silica filler; 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of at least one anti-reversion coagent comprising at least two groups selected from citraconimide and/or itaconimide groups; and a sufficient amount of a least one cure-improving resin to significantly increase the delta torque of the rubber composition during the vulcanization process as compared to the delta torque of a similar rubber composition in the absence of the cure-improving resin, is disclosed. Also disclosed is a process for the vulcanization of this rubber composition, and articles of manufacture comprising the vulcanized rubber composition.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a textile softening composition which comprises, as the softening agent, a quaternary ammonium salt which comprises a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-ester components, wherein the amount of diester quaternary is greater than about 50% by weight, and the amount of triester quaternary is less than about 25% by weight based on the total amount of quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to a softening agent which comprises a high diester quaternary ammonium salt mixture comprising mono- and diester components derived for ether dialkanolamines. The invention also relates to processes for preparing said softening agents, and methods of use as a fabric softener and as a hair and skin conditioner.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the preparation of glyceraldehyde, or an acetal or a hemiacetal thereof, characterized in that 3-butene-1,2-diol is dissolved in a lower alkanol and is subjected to ozonolysis to obtain a 3-hydroperoxy-3-alkoxy-propane-1,2-diol, which is subjected to a reductive treatment to obtain a hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde, which optionally may be converted into glyceraldehyde or an acetal or hemiacetal thereof, and to a process wherein the hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde is converted to a 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol derivative, by subjecting the hemiacetal of glyceraldehyde to a reductive treatment in the presence of ammonia or a primary or secondary amine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reducing the clogging of nozzles and slits and diminishing the formation of deposits in the spin bath system in the process of making viscose filamentary and film materials by using an alkoxylated polyamine surfactant having the formula: RNA&Parenopenst;CnH2nNA&Parenclosest;x−1A  (I) where R represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, each A represents a hydrogen, an aliphatic group with 1-24 carbon atoms, or H(OCmH2m)y-groups, where m is a number from 2-3, n is a number from 2-3, x is 4-8, with the proviso that the number of H(OCmH2m)y-groups are from 1 to x+1, and the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic groups is from 8 to 45. The alkoxylated polyamine surfactant has an excellent anticlogging effect, since it is a good dispersant and prevent or reduce precipitation in the spin bath. In addition it is very stable.

Abstract: Water based drilling fluid compositions which contain at least one viscosity builder and at least one rheological control agent wherein the rheological control agent is an amphoteric polymer, the cationic groups of the amphoteric polymer being quaternary ammonium groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to associative cellulose ethers with improved thickening effects, especially in paint. The improvement depends on the presence of a hydrophobic modifying group of the general formula where R is an aliphatic group of 12-22 carbon atoms and n is a number from 3 to 7. The DS of the hydrophobic group is 0.003 to 0.012.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a linear synthetic polymer having a molecular weight of from 5.103 to 1.107 to improve the strength, to reduce the fibrillation tendancy and to regulate the water absorption properties of a cellulose shaped body, derived from a dissolution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide. The linear synthetic polymer may be a polyalkylene, a polyalkylene glycol or a polyacrylate or polymetacrylate or its copolymers with other monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compacted sodium silicate is provided having a molar ratio SiO2:Na2O from 1.6 to 3.3, characterized in that the silicate has the following properties: a bulk density of above 500 g/l, a porosity of above 190 ml/kg, and a mechanical strength corresponding to a dust percentage of below 40 wt %. Also provided is a process for preparing such silicate comprising the steps of: spray-drying an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a molar ratio SiO2:Na2O from 1.6 to 3.3, applying an outlet temperature above 114° C., applying a water glass solution to the spray-dried powder, subjecting the water glass treated powder to a compacting step, applying a pressure below 100 bar, and crushing the resulting flakes having a thickness of above 4 mm to obtain the compacted sodium silicate.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a fatty acyl isethionate salt of the formula R1C(O)OR2SO3M which comprises reacting at least one fatty acid of the formula R1C(O)OH with at least one hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid salt of the formula HOR2SO3M in the presence of a catalyst, and distilling off water, wherein R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 5 to 31 carbon atoms, R2 is a linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and M is lithium, sodium, potassium, or ammonium and is characterised in that a foam control agent comprising a silicone oil is added. The foam control agent is added preferably once the reaction mixture is homogeneous. The process is suitably carried out with substantially equimolar amounts of fatty acid and hydroxyalkanesulfonic acid salt, preferably without distilling off any fatty acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous dispersion containing a dispersant and a disperse phase containing a hydrophobic material, the dispersant comprising an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from the group consisting of carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000. The invention further relates to the preparation and use of the dispersion in the production of paper. The invention also relates to a substantially water-free composition containing a hydrophobic material, an anionic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000 and being selected from carbon-containing compounds and silicon-containing compounds, and a cationic organic compound having a molecular weight less than 50,000, as well as it use in the preparation of an aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous composition for coating, such as sizing or application of a layer of a coating slip, of cellulose-based two-dimensional products. The composition has improved properties at increased temperatures and at high shear rates. These properties are achieved by using as a thickening agent a cellulose ether which is substituted with hydroxyalkyl groups, such as hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl, and alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms, and which has a cloud point in the range from 35 C. to 80 C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of paper on a paper machine containing a dilution headbox in which a main aqueous flow containing cellulosic fibres and filler is mixed in said headbox with a diluting aqueous flow to form a resulting aqueous flow which is ejected onto a wire and dewatered to form a web of paper, wherein one or more components providing improved retention are introduced into the main aqueous flow and an additive resulting in slower dewatering and/or being selected from non-ionic and anionic organic polymers is introduced into the diluting aqueous flow.