Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from petroleum containing formations having high salinity by injecting into the formation an aqueous fluid containing an effective amount of a surface active agent characterized by the formula:R.sub.1 (OCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2).sub.m (R.sub.2).sub.n OR.sub.3 SO.sub.3 XwhereinR.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkylaryl radical,m is an integer of from 1 to 10,R.sub.2 is an ethoxy radical and/or 1,2-propoxy radical,n is an integer of from 0 to 10,R.sub.3 is an ethylene or 1,3-propylene radical,X is a sodium, potassium or ammonium cation;and driving the fluid through the formation and thereby displacing and recovering petroleum from the formation.

Abstract: An alkylarylpolyalkoxyalkylene sulfonate alone or combined with a water soluble petroleum sulfonate surfactant is dissolved in water to form an effective surfactant fluid that is stable in high salinity environments. The surfactant fluid is injected into an underground petroleum-containing reservoir in an enhanced oil recovery process.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for restoring permeability of injection wells which have become plugged with polymer residue, protein debris, biological matter and the like. The method includes treating the well for a period of time with an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and optionally a surfactant.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which the production of petroleum is improved or reinstated in formations that have been partially depleted by primary recovery techniques or where the communication between the injection well and the production well has been restricted by the swelling of water sensitive clays in the formation. In this method an aqueous fluid comprising polysaccharide in sufficient concentration to increase the viscosity of the aqueous fluid, a water soluble quanidine compound and a naturally occurring salt is injected into the formation through an injection well and petroleum and aqueous fluids are produced through a production well.

Abstract: Bis(aminoethyl) ether is reacted with an alkylene oxideto form a 2-[2-aminoethoxy-2-ethylamino]alkanol which is useful as an epoxy curative.The curative is cured with a polyepoxide to form an epoxy resin useful for such applications as decorative coatings, encapsulations, adhesives, laminates, potting compounds, etc.

Abstract: New hydroxy-containing alkyl-substituted bicycloalkane ether compositions useful in the preparation of valuable detergent and lubricating compositions are obtained by reacting an alkyl-substituted 2-norbornene with a polyhydric alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using an aqueous drive fluid such as water or brine containing dissolved therein:(a) a small amount of a nonionic surfactant formed by reacting an alcohol having not more than 6 carbon atoms or phenol first with butylene oxide and then with ethylene oxide and(b) a small amount of an anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactant. Optionally the drive fluid may be saturated with natural gas, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide at the injection pressure. A polymeric thickening agent also may be included in the drive fluid, if desired.

Abstract: A method as described in the title comprising deflecting the gas from the distributor through nozzles therein through an angle in the range of 30.degree. to 75.degree. for decreased erosion in the nozzles by solids drawn therein and for reduced required power consumption. A new gas distributor with nozzles mounted therein is disclosed.

Abstract: A dicyclopentadiene derived ethoxysulfonate alone or combined with a petroleum sulfonate surfactant is dissolved in water to form an effective surfactant fluid that is stable in high salinity and/or high temperature environments. The surfactant fluid is injected into an underground petroleum-containing reservoir in an enhanced oil recovery process.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with polyacrylamide or partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide and, if desired, a small amount of a sulfonated, alkoxylated polyacrylamide, i.e., an N-substituted polyacrylamide having N-substituents of the formula:--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m-1 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M,where m is an integer of from 2 to 5 and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium or ammonium. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: A new composition of matter is revealed.The composition of matter is the condensation product of succinic anhydride, 3-dimethylamino propylamine or 3-dimethyl aminoethanol and a specified glycidyl ether.The composition of matter is useful as an amphoteric surfactant.

Abstract: Petroleum may be recovered from petroleum containing formations having high salinity and/or high temperature by injecting into the formation an aqueous fluid containing an effective amount of a surface active agent characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl or alkylaryl radical, AO is an alkylene oxide radical, n is an integer of from 1 to 50, m is an integer from 1 to 10 and X is a sodium, potassium or ammonium cation.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for making alkanols and esters which comprises reacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 at a pressure of about 500 psig or greater and at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a second metal from Group IVB, VB, or VIB, consisting of a zirconium, titanium, vanadium or chromium-containing compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt, in the presence of an inert, oxygenated solvent.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for making alkanols and esters which comprises reacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 at a pressure of about 500 psig or greater and at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a samarium compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt, in the presence of an inert, oxygenated solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of aldehydes by the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with olefins in the presence of hydroformylation catalyst. The invention also relates to a new supported cobalt hydroformylation catalyst and a process for catalyst preparation.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process of making alkanols which comprises reacting a mixture of CO and H.sub.2 at a pressure of about 500 psig or greater and at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound, a nickel or iron containing compound and a quaternary phosphonium salt, in the presence of an inert, oxygenated solvent.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol and lower monohydric alcohols are prepared from syngas in good yield by contacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a catalyst system comprising a ruthenium-containing compound and a special substituted aromatic compound both dispersed in a low melting quaternary phosphonium salt and heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 psi for sufficient time to produce the desired ethylene glycol and monohydric alcohols, and then removing the same from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with a copolymer of acrylamide and vinyl sulfonic acid or salts thereof or with a copolymer of acrylamide and styrene sulfonic acid or salts thereof as well as these same copolymers alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, natural gas or mixtures of these gases.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with polyacrylamide or partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide and, if desired, a small amount of a sulfated, alkoxylated polyacrylamide, i.e., an N-substituted polyacrylamide having N-substituents of the formula:--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m SO.sub.3 M,where m is an integer of from 1 to 5 and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium or ammonium. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.

Abstract: A dicyclopentadiene derived ethoxysulfonate alone or combined with a petroleum sulfonate surfactant is dissolved in water to form an effective surfactant fluid that is stable in high salinity and/or high temperature environments. The surfactant fluid is injected into an underground petroleum-containing reservoir in an enhanced oil recovery process.