Abstract: There is disclosed a barium-free Type I, Class B laboratory glass according to the standard specification set forth in ASTM E 438-80a having a linear coefficient of expansion (0.degree. to 300.degree. C., cm/cm-.degree.C..times.10.sup.-7) of about 48 to 56 and having a chemical durability, maximum titration equivalent of: 0.2N H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 /10 g of glass of 1.0 ml, the composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients in approximate percent by weight:______________________________________ Ingredient Percent ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 70-74 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 9-13 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 5-8 Na.sub.2 O 5-8 K.sub.2 O 0-4 CaO 0-3 MgO 0-1 ______________________________________the glass composition having an annealing point of about 550.degree. C. to 585.degree. C., a liquidus of about 1730.degree. F. to 1760.degree. F. and a Log n at the liquidus about 5.0 to 5.5.

Abstract: A method of forming a blowback cavity in a vial or similar cylindrical article comprises the steps of providing a cylindrical glass preform having a necked region and first forming an open blowback cavity adjacent the necked region and a relatively thin axially projecting terminal lip on the adjacent end of the preform and subsequently turning the terminal lip inwardly to form a radially extending face defining a mouth opening having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the blowback cavity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a thin layer chromatography device comprising a transparent tube, a coating of adsorbent on the inside of the tube to provide a thin chromatography layer, one end of the tube narrowed down to form a neck with a score line thereon for breaking the neck, the other end of the tube being sealed to provide a hermetically sealed chromatography device, there being at least one small opening in the tube near the neck end of the tube for providing means to insert a sample into the tube on the thin chromatography layer and for providing means to form an air vent to the inside of the tube when the neck end is broken and placed in a solvent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a thin layer chromatography device comprising a transparent tube having a first open end adapted for sealing with a stopper, a cylindrical member such as a tube or rod having a diameter smaller than the tube and of a length at least about equal to that of the tube, the member adapted to fit concentrically within the tube, the outside surface of the member being adapted to receive a thin layer of adsorbent before assembly of the member inside the tube, a fitting at the first end of the tube, the fitting having an annular portion defining an opening adapted to receive and hold the member when the tube and member are assembled together to provide a hermetically sealed device before use, at least one sample positioning opening in the tube whereby, upon use of the device, a sample can be positioned on the outer surface of the member and whereby air can enter the interior of the tube.

Abstract: In the method of making hollow glass articles wherein the article is subjected to an operation such that glass particles are deposited and held on the interior of the glass article, the method of removing such particles which comprises contacting the glass article with a resonator of an ultrasonic generator system and subjecting the article to ultrasonic vibrations from the ultrasonic generator.

Abstract: A multi-layered blown plastic container is formed by injection molding a first thermoplastic parison, axially stretching the first parison at its orientation temperature, injection molding a second thermoplastic parison around the first parison, and blowing the multi-layered parison at its orientation temperature to provide an oriented container, the inner layer being oriented in the axial and hoop directions, and the outer layer oriented in the hoop direction.

Abstract: A solar energy collector and process for its preparation are disclosed in which the collector comprises spaced apart wall members in which one wall member is adapted to face solar radiation, and the other wall member is spaced on the remote side of the first wall member and adapted to contact a heat-absorbing medium. A foil, disposed between the wall members, has coatings on its opposite sides. The side of the foil facing the wall member receiving solar radiation has a solar selective coating, and the other side of the foil facing the other wall member has an emissive coating providing relatively high emissivity in the infrared spectrum. Preferably, the foil is metallic and precoated prior to assembling with other parts of the solar collector.

Abstract: A solar energy collector and process for its preparation are disclosed in which the collector has a solar selective layer of overlying, multiple coatings. The first coating is a reflective metal; the second coating is a semiconductor material being absorbent in the solar spectrum; and the third coating being the coating exposed to solar radiation is a dielectric material defining an anti-reflection guard. The dielectric coating is transparent to radiation in the solar spectrum and has a relatively low refractive index. The thickness of the dielectric coating is of a magnitude to decrease reflectance from the semiconductor coating by destructive interference. The solar selective layer may be prepared by depositing the various coatings in sequence as by thermal evaporation techniques.

Abstract: The invention provides a precision tooling machine for final finishing of a preliminary formed shoulder on the open end of a heated glass vial blank. The shoulder of the vial is heated and the vial is rotated and horizontally advanced between a pair of co-operating tooling jaws which are respectively mounted on support arms which are in turn rigidly secured to a vertically slidably support plate. The entire weight of the tooling jaws, the support arms and the support plate is effectively counter-balanced so that tooling jaw units may move without restraint to accommodate themselves to the vertical position of the particular vial passing between the tooling jaws. At the same time, one of the jaw units is freely laterally shiftable a slight amount relative to the other jaw unit so as to prevent the possibility of differential heating of the tooling jaws or their respective support arms causing a misalignment of one tooling jaw relative to the other tooling jaw.

Abstract: Olive-green colored reduced glass compositions are disclosed in which the glass is a soda-lime-silicate glass having Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, S.sup.-2 and Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the following approximate ranges in % by weight:______________________________________ Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.1-0.4 S.sup.-2 0.01-0.04 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.02-0.2 ______________________________________The glass is especially adapted for making beer bottles that are pleasing to the eye and are light protective without the use of cobalt.

Abstract: The invention provides method and apparatus for supporting hot glass tubing drawn from a source of molten glass, on a cushion of air. A horizontally elongated chamber is disposed beneath the drawpath of the tubing and an elevated air pressure is maintained in the chamber. The top wall of the chamber defines a V notch in vertical cross section within which the tubing is disposed and one or more openings or slots traversing the vertex portion of the top wall provide an upward flow of air from the chamber to support the tubing being drawn. The dimensions of the openings are selected as a function of the range of diameter and weight of the glass tubing to be supported and the air pressure is selected as a function of the same variables. Air flow cooling of the top portions of the tubing may be provided to reduce bow.

Abstract: A control system for a plastic extruder which automatically controls both the melt pressure and the melt temperature of the plastic material at the outlet of the extruder barrel. The extruder barrel is divided into a plurality of heating zones and a zone temperature control means individually controls the temperature of each zone in accordance with predetermined zone temperature set points. A melt temperature control means automatically adjusts certain zone temperature set points such that the actual melt temperature is maintained at its desired value. The speed of a rotatable extruder screw is controlled by a melt pressure control means such that the actual melt pressure is maintained at its desired value. In accordance with the present invention, a separate feedforward controller and separate feedback controller are provided in the melt temperature control loop and in each zone temperature control loop such that independent specification of set point and disturbance responses can be achieved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for injection molding tubular plastic articles around cylindrical core pins at a molding station, for cooling the articles while supported on the core pins, and for then axially stripping the articles from the core pins at an ejection station. The article stripping step is accomplished by a horizontally reciprocable carriage which is selectively moved into and out of vertical alignment with a set of core pins and molded articles positioned at the ejection station. Sectional gripping members on the carriage are radially closable when in alignment with the molded articles, to grasp the articles for their axial removal from the core pins upon the horizontal displacement of the carriage. The stripped articles may be held in a horizontal cantilever position between the gripping members during an operational dwell time for additional cooling subsequent to their removal from the core pins.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for blow molding polyethylene terephthalate preforms, such as injection molded parisons, to achieve exterior surface indentations on blown containers without using profiled mold cavity walls. In the method, a profile is molded or otherwise formed in the exterior wall of the preform, defining a preform wall portion having sections of different thicknesses. Then, the preform is blow molded under conditions so that the polyethylene terephthalate material strain hardens in order to cause the different wall thicknesses to expand and stretch proportionately. As a result, the blown containers formed by this method include a surface contour which is essentially proportionately shaped to the surface profile formed on the pre-existing preforms.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for molding plastic articles, wherein the method includes the steps of filling a mold cavity at a first station with heated flowable plastic material under relatively low pressure from a first pressure source and then displacing the mold to a second station where the plastic material is cooled under pressure from a second pressure source. During the displacing step, the mold is conveyed along an arcuate path and the mold orientation is maintained. The apparatus includes a cantilevered core pin concentrically positioned in the mold cavity and a set of radially biased neck rings which preferably open automatically under a constant biasing force to release the neck of a molded article after the core pin is withdrawn from the article.

Abstract: There is disclosed a gaseous laser device comprising an envelope, a cathode, a lasing gaseous volume, and an anode, the envelope being comprised of at least two opposing substrates bonded together; the cathode, lasing gaseous volume, and anode being positioned within different cavities of at least one substrate such that the cathode, lasing gaseous volume, and anode are commonly confined within the envelope in an integrally connecting relationship.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for injection molding tubular plastic articles around cylindrical core pins at a molding station, for cooling the articles while supported on the core pins, and for then axially stripping the articles from the core pins at an ejection station. The article stripping step is accomplished by a horizontally reciprocable carriage which is selectively moved into and out of vertical alignment with a set of core pins and molded articles positioned at the ejection station. Sectional gripping members on the carriage are radially closable when in alignment with the molded articles, to grasp the articles for their axial removal from the core pins upon the horizontal displacement of the carriage. The stripped articles may be held in a horizontal cantilever position between the gripping members during an operational dwell time for additional cooling subsequent to their removal from the core pins.

Abstract: A control system for a plastic extruder which automatically controls both the melt pressure and the melt temperature of the plastic material at the outlet of the extruder barrel. The extruder barrel is divided into a plurality of heating zones and a zone temperature control means individually controls the temperature of each zone in accordance with predetermined zone temperature set points. A melt temperature control means automatically adjusts certain zone temperature set points such that the actual melt temperature is maintained at its desired value. The speed of a rotatable extruder screw is controlled by a melt pressure control means such that the actual melt pressure is maintained at its desired value. In accordance with the present invention, a separate feedforward controller and separate feedback controller are provided in the melt temperature control loop and in each zone temperature control loop such that independent specification of set point and disturbance responses can be achieved.

Abstract: A laser detection system for detecting parisons or portions of parisons remaining on cylindrical core pins at an ejection station. Injection molding of tubular parisons around cylindrical core pins occurs at a molding station; cooling the parisons while supported on the core pins occurs at a cooling station; and then, axially stripping the parisons from the core pins occurs at an ejection station. The parison stripping step is accomplished by a horizontally reciprocable carriage which is selectively moved into and out of vertical alignment with a set of core pins and parisons positioned at the ejection station. Sectional gripping members on the carriage are radially closable when in alignment with the parisons, to grasp the parisons for their axial removal from the core pins upon the horizontal displacement of the carriage.