Abstract: An improved shell mold and method are provided for thermal conditioning a thermoplastic parison prior to blow molding the parison into a hollow container and especially a biaxially oriented container. The mold has an inner shell and an outer shell defining a passageway therebetween for a circulated heat transfer fluid. Heat transfer between the fluid and the parison is controlled to adjust the thermal history at different locations of the parison as it will be required by the mode of stretching and the blow out ratio at the different locations.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a plastic container having a separate cup-shaped base telescopically assembled on its bottom to provide stability so that the container can stand upright, and to a method of assembling the base on the container. The container includes a tubular side wall, such as in blow-molded bottles, and a generally convex bottom which is integrally interconnected to the side wall by an arcuate annular heel. A peripheral groove is provided on the outer surface of the container adjacent the heel to receive a radially inwardly directed peripheral bead or lip on the upper end of the base, forming an essentially water-tight seal. One or more longitudinal surface indentations are formed on the outer surface of the container beneath the circumferential groove, to allow the escape of air between the base and the container bottom during their telescopic assembly.

Abstract: A method are disclosed for heating thermoplastic parisons to a substantially uniform temperature across their wall thickness prior to a blow molding operation. In the method, the parisons are rotated about their longitudinal axes while being conveyed adjacent a thermal conditioning means, which includes vertically spaced radiant heating elements and a gaseous cooling source. The heating elements radiate infra-red rays having a wave length to penetrate and heat the full thickness of the parison wall; whereas the gaseous cooling source directs a stream of air onto the surface of the parison facing the heating elements to prevent the parison surface from being overheated. Additionally, each of the heating elements may be individually regulated so that the parisons can be differentially heated along their axes to control the wall thickness of the final blown articles.

Abstract: Method of forming a container in a collapsed or folded configuration from a thermoplastic material. A preform is made from an extruded tube of thermoplastic material in a preform mold. The preform is then transferred to a deformation mold. The preform has a skin of relatively cool material on its exterior and interior surfaces; however, the interior of the walls between the skins is still in a deformable state. In the deformation mold, the preform is collapsed or folded and held in such condition until the interior material in the walls has become set. This leaves the container so formed with a memory in the folded state. When filled, the container may be elongated beyond the folded state dimensions, but will try to return to that state as the contents are dispensed as a result of the formed-in memory.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for forming a plastic container by a blow molding operation. In the method, a tubular thermoplastic parison is blown to a preform within a first mold by a blow pipe inserted into one axial open end of the parison. Prior to removing the preform from the first mold, a secondary opening is formed in the wall of the preform, either by a spike-shaped piercing surface over which the parison is expanded or by a vent port through which blow air is exhausted to rupture an opening in the preform wall. The preform is then transferred to a second mold, which pinches shut the initial blowing opening of the preform. A second blow pin is inserted into the secondary opening to supply blow air under pressure to expand the preform to a container.

Abstract: A method utilizing preform and final blow molds for forming molecularly oriented thermoplastic articles. According to the method, an extruded tubular parison is positioned within the pre-form blow mold and blown to a pre-form configuration. The blown pre-form is then conveyed, while suspended from a moveable carrier, through a thermal conditioning chamber and the temperature of the pre-form is adjusted to within the range for molecular orientation. Next, the thermally conditioned pre-form is conveyed by the moveable carrier to a final blowing station where the pre-form is blown to the configuration of the final article. In a first disclosed embodiment, the carrier is a blow pin which is inserted into the tubular parison at the pre-form molding station prior to the first molding operation.

Abstract: There is provided a polyethylene terephthalate bottle for liquid-carbonated beverages, the bottle having an interior liquid-contacting surface containing an effective wetting amount of oleic acid to cover any microflaws present and to thereby reduce bubble nucleation and carbonation loss. There is also provided a method of reducing bubble nucleation and carbonation loss in a polyethylene terephthalate bottle by providing, preferably by coating, the interior beverage contacting surface of the bottle with an effective wetting amount of oleic acid.

Abstract: Aluminum phosphate is made in ultrapure form by reaction between phosphoric acid and an aluminum alkoxide. Cast articles may be made by using the liquid reaction intermediate product as a binder in sintering of particles of aluminum phospate.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a novel method of making a blown plastic article. A cantilevered blow pin is axially insertable into and removable from a parison mold cavity. When inserted into the cavity, the blow pin abuts a support which is coaxial with the blow pin and which supports the blow pin against deflection in the cavity. Upon filling of the parison mold cavity with plasticized plastic material under pressure, a parison is formed about the blow pin and the support. Upon removal of the blow pin from the cavity, the parison thereon is stripped from the cavity and from the support. That portion of the parison projecting beyond the blow pin and formerly enclosing the support forms a tubular extension projecting beyond the blow pin. Upon transfer to a blow mold, the projecting portion of the parison is pinched shut to form a blowable shape, which is then blown interiorily of a blow mold into either a blown pre-form or the final article.

Abstract: A noble metal-glass composite is screen printed on an inert substrate such as a low alkali glass and fired to provide a solid sensor electrode.

Abstract: Copolyesters having an oxygen permeability of less than 15 cc.mil/100 in..sup.2. day.sup.. atm. (at 50% relative humidity and about 73.degree. F.) and a glass transition temperature in excess of 72.degree. C. and having the following four (4) repeating units are contemplated: ##STR1## Based on reactant charges the ratio of (b) units to (a) units will be about 80:20 to about 20:80. Containers made of these polyesters for packaging products of commerce like comestibles are also contemplated.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte composite is provided which is suitable for use as the separating member between a sodium reservoir source and a sulfur reservoir source in a sodium-sulfur battery; the solid electrolyte composite is manufactured by providing a membrane of a crystalline ionic conductive sodium polyaluminate on a portion of a porous, anhydrous crystalline supporting body consisting of alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The sodium polyaluminate is initially applied in the form of a precursor which is then subsequently heated to form the ionic conductive crystalline sodium polyaluminate membrane.

Abstract: A method of making a concave bottom on a blown thermoplastic container. A blowable pre-form is initially expanded against a composite mold surface defined by the end faces of a plurality of concentric tubes surrounding a central actuating rod. The rod and the tubes are initially telescopically positioned to define a composite concave surface, so that a first convex bottom is blown. Subsequently, the rod and tubes are actuated telescopically to progressively invert the convex bottom to a concave shape. The end faces of the tubes may be grooved to define reinforcing ribs in the concave bottom wall, if desired.

Abstract: Plastic containers having internal reinforcing ribs are formed by a molding operation including pre-blow and final-blow steps. The pre-blow step includes inflating a blowable plastic parison into contact with the cavity walls of a first blow mold to form a blown pre-form, the cavity walls of the first blow mold including a plurality of concave grooves to form a pattern of convex or protuberant ribs on the outer-periphery of the pre-form. The final-blow step includes positioning the blown, ribbed pre-form within a second or final blow mold having a cavity defined by substantially smooth wall surfaces conforming to the exterior configuration of the desired container. Next, the pre-form is blown to stretch and expand against the cavity walls of the second mold, during which step the convex ribs on the exterior of the pre-form are flattened, forming concave portions intermediate convex reinforcing ribs on the internal wall surface of the container.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and method for attaching securely a polyethylene sleeve label to a polyethylene bottle, the bottle having a neck, a body and a bottom. The apparatus comprises means for holding the polyethylene bottle with the sleeve label, and welding means for welding the label to the body of the bottle to prevent loss of the label, the welding means including heating means located away from the label and not in contact therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus for blow molding a thermoplastic container having a concave bottom. A plurality of concentric, nested tubes surround a central rod, the tubes and rod have cooperating end faces which define the bottom of a blow mold. The tubes are interconnected through an actuating key fixed to the central rod and projecting through slots in the tubes. Actuation of the rod actuates the tubes in sequence as the key bottoms in the slots. A second, stop key is fixed relative to the rod and all of the tubes to position the rod and tube end faces in either a concave or convex configuration to defining two consecutive desired bottom shapes for the blow mold.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for blow molding a plastic article by forming a parison into a blown pre-form and then blowing the pre-form into the final article. The final blow mold is fixed, and the pre-form mold is movable from a parison-forming location to a pre-form blowing location. An arcuately movable turret carries a plurality of blow tubes sequentially registerable with the pre-form blowing location and the final blow mold location, these tubes are utilized for the blowing operation and also transfer the preform to the final mold location. The turret thus traverses the two blowing locations, but not the parison-forming location. The turret may also traverse additional thermal conditioning or ejection stations, or the like, if desired. The turret may also move vertically for mold clearance, if necessary. The turret can oscillate between the two blow mold stations or can rotate through a complete 360.degree. traverse, as required by the number of indexing positions desired.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of melting laser glass compositions that includes double melting steps as follows:I. melting the glass composition in a ceramic container in an oxidizing atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is greater than about 10.sup.-.sup.3 atmospheres; andIi. melting the resultant melt of Step I in a platinum container containing at least about 50% by weight of platinum in a reducing atmosphere in a buffered gas mixture in which the partial pressure of oxygen is less than about 10.sup.-.sup.3 atmospheres for a time sufficient to obtain a homogenization of the glass with stirring and still have the ingredients of the glass composition in an oxidized state to thereby produce a laser article substantially free from detrimental, lower-valence state ingredients, such as Fe.sup.+.sup.+, and a minimum of platinum inclusions in the glass.The method may also include double steps as follows:I.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles of glass-ceramic, including glass-ceramic components of articles, and to processes for manufacturing these glass-ceramic articles. Specifically, a glass article is formed, the surface layer is crystallized to form a skeleton, and finally the whole glass article is bulk crystallized.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to articles of glass-ceramic, including glass components of articles, and to processes for manufacturing these glass-ceramic articles. Specifically, a glass article is crystallized in bulk, ion exchanged to add lithium to the surface layer, and heated to crystallize the surface layer where the coefficient of expansion of the surface is less than that of the main body.