Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the preparation of phosphorus trichloride wherein elemental phosphorus is caused to react with chlorine. The improvement comprises continuous, high speed analysis of the contents of the reactor whereby the reaction is controlled to produce less phosphorus pentachloride and other by-products. The analysis is performed by a laser Raman spectrometer associated with an optrode having a remotely located probe head and a circulating sampling system to continuously provide fresh sample to the probe head continuously. Also disclosed is apparatus for the automatic control of the reaction by control of the reactant feed to the reactor in response to the on-line, continuous analysis of the reactor contents.

Abstract: New and useful herbicidal compositions comprising glyphosate and/or agriculturally acceptable salts and an acetylenic diol surfactant structurally characterized by a symmetrically substituted triple bond and adjacent hydroxyl groups or adjacent polymeric oxyalkylated units, and optionally a second surfactant, are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are herbicidal pyridine compounds substituted at the 2- or 6-position with an OR.sub.2 moiety where R.sub.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, halomethyl, lower cyanoalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, as well as herbicidal compositions and herbicidal use of these compounds.

Abstract: Polymerization of N-methyl norbornene dicarboximide yields polymers of high Tg, e.g. greater than 200.degree. C. Preferred polymers of exo N-methyl norbornene dicarboximide have number average molecular weight of at least 8,000.

Abstract: A laminate comprising a sheet of polycarbonate laminated to another sheet comprising, on a weight basis, a) 30 to 90% polyvinyl butyral and b) 70 to 10% thermoplastic polyurethane, containing a plasticizing amount of one or more C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkanediols or diethylene glycol.

Abstract: High Tg polymers prepared by metathesis ring-opening polymerization of N-aryl norbornene dicarboximide and one or more other norbornene derivative monomers, wherein said N-aryl group is substituted with a halo, cyano, alkyl or halogenated alkyl substituting group which is ortho or meta to the imide nitrogen. Preferred polymers with exceptionally high Tg are prepared from N-ortho substituted phenyl norbornene dicarboximide monomer. Mixtures of N-ortho substituted phenyl norbornene dicarboximide and N-meta substituted phenyl norbornene dicarboximide can exhibit eutectic melting points which facilitates melt polymerization.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for size exclusion chromatography is provided. The apparatus is a chromatographic column adapted for use in size exclusion chromatography by having dimensions suitable for size exclusion chromatography and by having a packing material comprising generally spherical particles having wedge-shaped macropores. Preferred particles are in the shape of lamellar and/or acicular crystals extending radially outwardly from a central core region and comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide or a mixture thereof. The method involves passing a solution of macromolecules through a column adapted for size exclusion chromatography packed with such particles. The particles effectively and efficiently separate a wide range of macromolecules in decreasing order of their molecular weight.

Abstract: Dispersions of core-shell polymers in caprolactam wherein the core-shell polymer comprises a crosslinked elastomer core and a hard thermoplastic shell prepared by adding an aqueous dispersion of core-shell polymer to an aqueous solution of caprolactam, stirring the mixture to provide a uniform dispersion and evaporating water from the mixture. Such dispersions can be combined with caprolactam polymerization initiator and caprolactam polymerization catalyst to provide rubber-modified nylon-6 polymers.

Abstract: A cyanide-free, ammoniacal silver solution comprising a chelant, e.g. EDTA, and soluble copper, e.g. cupric nitrate, at a level of at least about 1 mole copper/mole silver provides silver replacement coatings on copper-coated articles. Silver coatings have a low surface electrical resistivity, e.g. as low as about 0.02 to 0.05 ohms/square.

Abstract: Polymer blends useful as thermoplastic molding resins comprise PC, PETG and sufficient rubber, e.g. nitrile rubber or ethylene-acrylate copolymer rubber, to enhance the moldability of the blend. Preferred blends comprise at least 30% PC, 30% PETG and 5% rubber.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the production of linear alkylbenzene wherein monoolefins are reacted with benzene in a hydrogen fluoride catalyzed reaction followed by recovery of the alkylbenzene. An alumina treatment step is included which removes organic fluoride impurities in order to prevent release of hydrofluoric acid in downstream equipment. It has been discovered that the SO.sub.3 sulfonation color of the alkylbenzene is surprisingly improved by the use of a high selectivity basic alumina for this treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N,O-diacyl, N-alkyl hydroxylamines and their use as bleach activators in conjunction with oxygen-releasing compounds.

Abstract: The invention pertains to blends of polymers containing a polyurethane, a polymer having reactive carboxyl moieties and a siloxane crosslinking agent. The polymer is most preferably represented by a terpolymer. The crosslinking agent contains reactive moieties such as hydroxy-, amine-, and epoxy-moieties and has a molecular weight which is preferably in the range of from about 1,500 to 60,000. The crosslinker can be used in relatively low molecular ratios vs. the polymerisable dicarboxylic acid in the polymer. Shaped articles made from the polyblends herein can be processed under high temperature conditions without suffering alterations; the articles so produced show desirable physical properties inclusive of reduced plasticiser migration, reduced fogging and enhanced low-temperature flexibility.

Abstract: A novel bleach composition is disclosed comprising a sulfatase enzyme and a peroxydisulfate which composition, in aqueous solution, generates the more reactive peroxymonsulfate bleach compound. Detergent compositions and bleach processes are also disclosed wherein the peroxymonsulfate is produced in situ to provide bleach functions with greatly reduced dye damage, particularly useful to remove blood stains from textile materials.

Abstract: A polyamide composition of improved impact resistance comprising a blend of components (A) a core/shell graft rubber composition having a thermoplastic copolymer shell comprising a polyamide-interactive monomer, (B) a polyamide and, (C) an acid-containing acrylate copolymer rubber.

Abstract: N-ethyl hydroxamic acids, preferably containing at least 10 carbon atoms, useful as metal chelants for use in organic solvent extractant solutions such as kerosene to extract metals from aqueous solutions by forming complexes of the extracted metal with the N-ethyl hydroxamic acid. Metals can be stripped from complexes of N-ethyl hydroxamic acids at higher concentrations into lower strength acid stripping agents. The N-ethyl hydroxamic acid-containing organic solvent extraction solutions exhibit rapid phase separation from aqueous solutions and resistance to forming emulsions.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein an improved processes for the preparation of oxydisuccinate by reacting in an alkaline reaction medium the salts of maleic acid and malic acid in the presence of a calcium ion catalyst wherein unreacted maleic acid salts are recovered from the reaction medium as sodium hydrogen maleate by lowering the pH of the reaction product to a range of from about 4 to 6. The precipitated sodium hydrogen maleate salts are recycled to the synthesis reaction as salts of malic acid by hydration in the presence of a hydration catalyst to prepare additional amounts of product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a continuous mass polymerization process for the preparation of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-ester polymers (ABSE) having a balance of gloss, tensile strength, impact strength, processability and heat resistance properties.

Abstract: Impact resistant polymer blends of crystallizable polyester, e.g. PET, and styrene copolymer graft rubber composition, e.g. ABS, and an impact modifying amount of a mixture of a fatty acid salt, e.g. sodium stearate, and an acid copolymer, e.g. SMA, are useful as engineering thermoplastics, e.g. for injection molding of articles requiring high impact resistance.