Abstract: An improved apparatus and means for measuring temperatures inside enclosures or conduits containing hot gases laden with entrained solids using a pyrometer. The improvement involves an optical access port consisting of a high strength sight tube, a safety valve, a double sight glass, various purge connections and provisions for optical alignment. A dynamic purge system keeps the optical sight path clear during normal operation, and clears the path if it begins to become occluded during operational upsets within the enclosure or conduit. The improved optical access port is mounted on the exterior wall of the vessel or conduit.

Abstract: A variable mode microwave water cut monitor includes a test cell which contains a fluid sample. Apparatus controls the provision and removal of the fluid sample to effect different modes of operation for the monitor, a normal test mode and at least two calibration modes. A source provides microwave energy to one of a first antenna which in turn provides the fluid sample in the test cell with microwave energy. A second antenna receives the microwave energy that has passed through the fluid sample. A detector detects the received microwave energy and provides a signal corresponding thereto. An indicator provides an indication of the water cut of the fluid sample in accordance with the received signal power, a phase difference between the source provided microwave energy and the received microwave energy and internally recorded calibration data for water alone and oil alone.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as catalyst and a urea or a mixture of ureas as a cosolvent for the catalyst system.

Abstract: A stable middle distillate fuel-oil composition which comprises(a) a major portion of a middle distillate fuel-oil; and(b) a minor amount, as storage stabilizing additive, of a N-2-pyridyl succinimide of a copolymer and maleic anhydride graft.

Abstract: A diesel fuel and injector cleaning additive which comprises a solvent such as a (C.sub.3 -C.sub.5) alcohol and an amino alkylene-substituted asparagine.

Abstract: A method of preparing a calcium sulfonate having a TBN of 500 where the method comprises reacting CaO, Ca(OH).sub.2 and H.sub.2 O, and synthetic and natural sulfonates in certain molar ratios, respectively, for a sufficient length of time to produce the overbased calcium sulfonate.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is separated from the dimethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol through a membrane of hydrolyzed cellulose.

Abstract: A method of preparing a amorphous metal sulfonate detergent for lubricants. The sulfonate detergent is prepared by:(a) mixing, stirring and heating a diluted metal sulfonate with Ca(OH).sub.2 ;(b) adding to the stirred, heated sulfonate mixture a sufficient amount of CO.sub.2 to heat with all the Ca(OH).sub.2 added;(c) adding a zeolite to the mixture partway through the addition of CO.sub.2 to remove a certain percentage of the total water in said mixture;(d) filtering the water-removed mixture to separate an amorphous metal sulfonate product; and(e) recovering the amorphous overbased metal sulfonate product.

Abstract: In a gasification reactor having a shell, a combustion chamber in the shell, and a burner positioned to direct a carbonaceous fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. A quench chamber within the shell holds a cooling bath into which the hot effluent resulting from the combustion is cooled. A throat communicating the combustion chamber with the quench chamber guides the hot effluent stream toward the bath. A quench ring including a receptacle rim, is positioned beneath the throat to support a water jacketed dip tube which guides the hot effluent into contact with the bath liquid. Liquid coolant is conducted into the water jacket by way of connectable flow passages formed into the rim and the dip tube assembly, and thereafter discharged against the dip tube.

Abstract: Concentration of aqueous solutions of isopropanol may be effected by a composite membrane including a dibromobutane cross-linked poly(4-vinyl pyridine) bonded to a porous layer of polyacrylonitrile on a polyester backing.

Abstract: An oil additive concentrate comprising(1) a mixture of a graft and derivatized polymer and a mineral oil of lubricating viscosity said mixture characterized by comprising from about 5 to 35 weight percent of said polymer and the balance said mineral oil and having a bulk viscosity measured as the Kinematic Viscosity at 100.degree. C. above about 2000 Centistokes, and(2) a minor amount of a co-solvent effective for substantially reducing the bulk viscosity of said mixture, said co-solvent being selected from the group represented by the formulas: ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms and n has a value from 0 to 10, and ##STR2## in which R represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and n has a value from 0 to 10, and a lubricating oil composition containing same is provided.

Abstract: A novel oil-soluble polyether diamine compound, a concentrate comprising the compound dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent, and a haze-free, deposit-resistant and ORI-inhibited motor fuel composition comprising the compound is described. Motor fuel compositions comprising the novel polyether diamine compound of the instant invention are haze-free and improve ORI control and carbonaceous deposit inhibition in motor fuels. Motor fuel compositions of the instant invention may optionally comprise a polyolefin polymer/copolymer component having a molecular weight range of about 500-3500.

Abstract: Dewaxed oil containing dewaxing solvent from solvent dewaxing is treated by contact with a separating membrane to yield a retentate containing increased content of dewaxed oil and decreased content of dewaxing solvent and a permeate which contains increased content of dewaxing solvent and decreased content of dewaxing oil--the membrane including a polyimine layer which has been cross-linked with polyisocyanate or poly(carbonyl chloride).

Abstract: A catalyst and method for preparing a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols is provided. The method includes reacting a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises rhodium, cobalt, molybdenum and cesium.

Abstract: Municipal sanitary sewage sludge is disposed of by an improved partial oxidation process without polluting the environment. Aqueous slurries of sewage sludge are upgraded by hydrothermal treatment, preferably while being sheared, concentrated, and then mixed with a supplemental fuel, preferably coal. A pumpable aqueous slurry of sewage sludge-coal and/or petroleum coke is thereby produced having a greater total solids and heat content (HHV) as well as containing an increased amount of sewage sludge for reacting with free-oxygen containing gas in a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator. Hot quench water or steam produced by cooling the hot raw effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the gasifier may provide heat for the hydrothermal step.

Abstract: A sonde in a well logging system of the present invention includes caliper means providing a diameter signal corresponding to the diameter of a borehole traversing an earth formation. First and second transducers which, when so controlled, transmit an ultrasonic acoustical pulse into fluid flowing in the borehole or provides an electrical pulse in accordance with a received acoustical pulse from the fluid. A control network controls both transducers so that during one part of a measurement the first transducer transmits an acoustical pulse into the fluid while the second transducer receives an acoustical pulse after it has passed through the fluid. During another part of the measurement the second transducer is controlled to transmit an acoustical pulse into the fluid while the first transducer is controlled to receive the acoustical pulse after it has passed through the fluid and provides a signal in accordance with the received acoustical pulse.

Abstract: An oxidation and corrosion resistant diesel engine lubricant composition, particularly useful in marine and railway diesel engines, comprises a major amount of a base hydrocarbon lubricating oil and from 0.1-5.0 weight percent of a reaction product additive which is the reaction product of a dibasic acid anhydride, a polyoxyalkylene diamine, and a heterocyclic azole.

Abstract: A motor fuel composition which inhibits engine ORI and resists engine deposit formation comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 90.degree. F.-450.degree. F. and the reaction product of a dibasic acid anhydride, a polyoxyalkylene polyol, and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 polyalkylene polyamine, (ii) a polyoxyalkylene diamine, and (iii) a heterocyclic azole.

Abstract: A furfural-containing middle distillate stream is separated by use of a polyethyleneimine membrane which has been cross-linked with a polyisocyanate or a poly(carbonyl chloride) cross-linking agent.

Abstract: Vanadium garnet material and a method for their preparation. The vanadium garnet material has a trivalent vanadium cation and a composition that falls within a specific polygon shaped area in a ternary composition diagram of V.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO and SiO.sub.2. The polygon shaped area represents compositions of liquids with which said vanadium garnet is in equilibrium on the liquidus surface and from which the vanadium garnet phase is crystallized. A typical vanadium garnet material has the formula Ca.sub.3 V.sub.2 Si.sub.3 O.sub.12. The vanadium garnet materials may be used in laser applications.