Abstract: A process for oxidizing aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues (sludges) to produce orthophosphate containing slurries suitable for subsequent reaction with ammonia to produce nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing fertilizer products. It comprises reacting aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues with certain special mixtures of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to effect the conversion of the elemental phosphorus content of the residues into mostly orthophosphoric acid and very little orthophosphorous acid with the relative ratios of orthophosphoric acid to orthophosphorous acid produced being dependent upon the weight ratio H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 :HNO.sub.3 employed in the processing. The reaction is conducted at the boiling point of the resulting aqueous reaction medium.

Abstract: Inclusion of certain hydrophilic organic gel-forming polymers, notably polyacrylamides, with relatively inexpensive soluble iron sulfate [FeSO.sub.4 or Fe.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 ] significantly improves the efficiency of iron source fertilizer materials for iron-sensitive plants growing on iron-deficient soils and can maintain supply of available iron to growing plants for periods up to about 12 weeks. These polymers may be mixed with iron-containing solutions to form suitable gels which are band applied in or near the seed row at or prior to planting or spot placed in the root zone of growing plants in soil. Other soluble fertilizers of micronutrients such as copper, manganese, or zinc also may be included instead of, or with, iron sulfates in hydrogels of these polymers.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes inexpensive, low-quality by-product ammonium sulfate (AS) characterized as having poor storage, handling, and use properties and normally unsuitable for use as a solid fertilizer because crystals thereof are very fine and of a undesirably high-moisture content. This invention involves production of high-quality, long-storing suspension intermediates directly from AS slurries or AS crystals, followed by storage of the resulting suspensions as intermediate raw materials, and further followed by production of solution fertilizers from such suspension intermediates.

Abstract: A process for producing high-analysis dicalcium phosphate containing phosphatic fertilizers and by-product calcium nitrate. It comprises reacting phosphate rock with nitric acid, followed by pyrolysis of the resulting acidulate to effect liberation of approximately one-half of the initially consumed nitric acid. Recycling of this liberated nitric acid allows production of available phosphate with approximately one-half the acid equivalents normally consumed during sulfuric acid processing. The calcium nitrate in the resulting pyrolyzate is separated from the phosphatic constituent by dissolution in water followed by filtration. Depending upon the initial HNO.sub.3 :CaO acidulation ratio, the available phosphate content of the resulting solid phosphatic fertilizers is high enough (48% P.sub.2 O.sub.5) to allow their use either for bulk blending with nitrogen and potash salts to produce complete grade fertilizers or for direct application as a phosphate nutrient.

Abstract: The technique of the instant invention includes the preparation of a new mechanical seal life prolonger (SLP) by the compounding of a relatively few, inexpensive, and readily available materials. The instant technique is simply and easily placed into practice by, for example, applying relatively small amounts of such compound to the outside edges or peripheral portions of the relative movement interface between the seal faces of mechanical seals in association with fluid handling devices while such devices are in an operating mode. Depending on the degree of disruption of the sealing surfaces, a single application of such compound is sometimes sufficient to obtain the desired results or it may be necessary to subsequently apply such compound to the leaking seal at regular intervals subsequent to the first application thereof, until such time as it may be convenient to replace such seal faces.

Abstract: A tent-free technique, system, and apparatus for effecting protection of humans from airborne asbestos and other particulate contamination is disclosed. It comprises a first transparent cowling means operatively associated with drilling means and at least one filtration unit flow connected therewith. The first cowling means comprises two members slidably disposed relative to one another, with the first member thereof being more or less substantially fixed relative to the drilling means housing and the second member adapted to be more or less substantially fixed temporarily to the plane of the material first engaged by the drill bit. A second cowling means, also flow connected to said filtration unit, is operatively associated with the instant apparatus and more or less substantially fixed temporarily to the plane of the material lastly engaged by said drill bit. A third cowling means is operatively associated with sawing means and fixed relative to the housing thereof and adapted for enclosing the saw blade.

Abstract: The technique of the instant invention includes the preparation of a new mechanical seal life prolonger (SLP) by the compounding of a relatively few, inexpensive, and readily available materials. The instant technique is simply and easily placed into practice by, for example, applying relatively small amounts of such compound to the outside edges or peripheral portions of the relative movement interface between the seal faces of mechanical seals in association with fluid handling devices while such devices are in an operating mode. Depending on the degree of disruption of the sealing surfaces, a single application of such compound is sometimes sufficient to obtain the desired results or it may be necessary to subsequently apply such compound to the leaking seal at regular intervals subsequent to the first application thereof, until such time as it may be convenient to replace such seal faces.

Abstract: Unusually high-analysis low-temperature-stable solution-type fertilizers are produced by mixing urea and phosphoric acid with urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN). The ratio of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to total nitrogen and the ratio of CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 --N(nitrogen) to NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 --N(nitrogen) must be maintained within broad specified parameters in order to ensure the production of the instant high-analysis clear-liquid fertilizers which are stable at temperatures as low as 0.degree. C. For example, to produce a 35 percent total plant nutrient (TPN) product, the weight ratio for P.sub.2 O.sub.5 :N (total) must be within the range of about 0.316 to about 0.538, the weight ratio of urea-N to NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 --N+P.sub.2 O.sub.5 must be in the rang of 1.41 to 1.59, and the weight ratio of CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 :NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 must be in the range of 15.25 to 3.75. Similar solutions may be produced by dissolving solid urea and ammonium nitrate in pure or impure phosphoric acid or by utilizing urea.H.sub.3 PO.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, teaches a technique, and provides apparatus eminently useful for the installation/removal, from a remote and protected location, of nozzle dams onto and from nozzle holddown rings within the channel heads of certain steam generators, including the types typically used in conjunction with the operation of pressurized hot-water nuclear power plants.

Abstract: A tent-free technique, system, and apparatus for effecting protection of humans from airborne asbestos and other particulate contamination is disclosed. It comprises a first transparent cowling means operatively associated with drilling means and at least one filtration unit flow connected therewith. The first cowling means comprises two members slidably disposed relative to one another, with the first member thereof being more or less substantially fixed relative to the drilling means housing and the second member adapted to be more or less substantially fixed temporarily to the plane of the material first engaged by the drill bit. A second cowling means, also flow connected to said filtration unit, is operatively associated with the instant apparatus and more or less substantially fixed temporarily to the plane of the material lastly engaged by said drill bit. A third cowling means is operatively associated with sawing means and fixed relative to the housing thereof and adapted for enclosing the saw blade.

Abstract: An improved batch process for the production, in equipment readily available at the fertilizer dealer level, of high-analysis stable ammonium orthophosphate suspension fertilizers effected by the ammoniation of solid intermediates derived from wet-process orthophosphoric acids or combinations of the solid intermediates with such wet-process type acid or other impure phosphoric acids. Fluorosilicic acid, a by-product of the phosphate industry which is readily available and relatively inexpensive, is utilized as a source of fluoride. The fluorosilicic acid is added to the batch formulation prior to the ammoniation step thereby allowing the fluorosilicic acid to be converted to ammonium fluoride. Subsequently, the metallic impurities are allowed to precipitate as fluoride compounds instead of the usual troublesome impurity-phosphate-water gels which have been identified as causing complete destruction of suspension fluidity during storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, teaches a technique, and provides apparatus eminently useful for the installation/removal, from a remote and protected location, of nozzle dams onto and from nozzle holddown rings within the channel heads of certain steam generators, including the types typically used in conjunction with the operation of pressurized hot-water nuclear power plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermittently introducing, under carefully controlled conditions, an inert gas, into at least the channel head primary coolant water outlet side of steam generators during the drain-down of a nuclear-powered steam generating system. Predetermined quantities of such gas are introduced into open ends of the inverted U-tubes which terminate at the tubesheet in the channel heads to thereby alleviate the propensity for formation of vacuum pockets at the tops thereof, and at the same time to provide that water columns defined severely near their tops by the water within each such tube and collectively near their bottoms by the water extending downward through the steam generator channel head, are not disrupted by the inadvertent formation of a gas/water interface formed in the general vicinity of the tubesheet and resulting from the flooding of the underside thereof with said gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, teaches a technique, and provides apparatus eminently useful for the installation/removal, from a remote and protected location, of nozzle dams onto and from nozzle holddown rings within the channel heads of certain steam generators, including the types typically used in conjunction with the operation of pressurized hot-water nuclear power plants.

Abstract: The invention described herein discloses the use of silica gel as a catalyst for the efficient oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur by nitric oxide. Concomitantly, this catalyst also promotes the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide to carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which then can be oxidized further by nitric oxide in the same reactor to produce elemental a sulfur. This process is designed for application in coal combustion and coal-gasification processes as a replacement for the presently available and practiced expensive methods and means for gas purification and catalytic liquid-phase conversion of these gases to sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, teaches a technique, and provides apparatus eminently useful for the installation/removal, from a remote and protected location, of nozzle dams onto and from nozzle holddown rings within the channel heads of certain steam generators, including the types typically used in conjunction with the operation of pressurized hot-water nuclear power plants.

Abstract: An improved process for economically and effectively granulating solid, finely-divided, particulate feedstock comprising phosphogypsum, limestone, or mixtures comprising sulfogypsum, natural or mineral gypsum, or mixtures thereof and limestone and having from about 80 to 95 percent by weight of such sulfogypsum/mineral gypsum to effect products which exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties relative to dustiness, storage, handling, and perhaps most importantly, aqueous media-induced rapidity of reversion to a mesh-size distribution of particles substantially similar to the initial size distribution of said feedstock, which improved process involves introducing such relatively finely-divided feedstock, together with material comprising recycle thereof into a suitable agglomeration device, such as a rotary drum, and therein effecting agglomeration/granulation of such feedstock in the presence of aqueous media, the improvement comprising the utilization, in combination with said aqueous media, of relat

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and implementation, including apparatus comprising a two-stage, single-unit, and energy-efficient rotary drum-type granulator-dryer device having a granulator section and a separate dryer section in a new and novel combination designed for continuously granulating and/or ammoniating, and subsequently drying, respectively, a variety of materials together with specific processes for effecting such granulating and/or ammoniating, and subsequent drying.

Abstract: A process for granulating finely divided particulate sulfate or chloride salts of potassium to produce therefrom agricultural products having exceptionally satisfactory physical and chemical properties in regard to bulk blending with other fertilizer blend materials and also in regard to storage and handling properties. The instant methods involve introducing fine-sized, particulate feedstock together with recycle material into a conventional granulator and granulating the solids with use of a water solution comprised of the potassium salt to be granulated and portions of lignosulfonate, which solution has been found to bind the solids material together in a manner and form highly desirable. Drying of the resulting granulation material is required. Nominal grades of the sulfate and chloride granular products are about 47 and 57 percent by weight K.sub.2 O equivalent, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a technique and provides for apparatus eminently useful for reducing the amount of sulfur currently needed by industry to sulfur coat water-soluble fertilizer materials such as, for example, granular or prilled urea. A further advantage of and benefit derived from the practice of the instant invention relates to the production of sulfur-coated urea products which have substantially higher nitrogen values than do urea products produced by prior art processes.