Abstract: A multi-functional electronic desk calculator has numeral value keys for inputting a numeral value and a decimal point key for inputting a decimal point. The calculator also has a device for detecting depression of the numeral value keys to produce a first signal representative of being in a numeral value inputting mode, a device for detecting depression of the decimal point key to produce a second signal representative of input of the decimal point, a predetermined single key, and a device for operating the predetermined single key as a key used for inputting hexagesimal number when the first signal is produced and the second signal is not produced, and for operating the predetermined single key as a conversion key for performing conversion from decimal number to hexagesimal number when the first signal is not produced or when the second signal is produced.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which has a plurality of exposing optical systems used singly or jointly depending upon when an image is to be formed from different kinds of documents such as one is non-transmissive and the other is transmissive, or when a synthetic image is to be formed from different kinds of documents.

Abstract: A switching amplifier system which in one embodiment includes switching circuitry responsive to a tri-state command signal for providing a power output from a power supply which has amplitude levels, time durations, and polarities corresponding to the tri-state command signal for supply to a load via a suitable filter. A further embodiment includes a linear amplifier, the switching circuitry responding to a fourth state command signal for actuating the linear amplifier to respond directly to an input signal when the amplitude of the input signal is below a selected level.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminant material from a soil site in which one or more porous source electrodes and one or more porous sink electrodes are positioned within the soil site and voltage gradients are established among the electrodes. A purging liquid is supplied to the source electrodes so as to flow therefrom into the soil site, the voltage gradients causing the purging liquid to move by electroosmosis through the soil site toward the sink electrodes. The purging liquid displaces the contaminant material so as to cause the contaminant material to be moved from the soil site into the sink electrodes from which they can be removed, as by a pumping or siphoning action.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting extended aspect ratio pictures is described. The transmitted pictures can be viewed on an extended aspect ratio high definition screen but can also be viewed on a reduced number of lines on a conventional receiver. The lines not used in the picture viewed on the conventional receiver contain non-visible data relating to picture information. The transmitter comprises a high definition television (HDTV) camera (42) providing a high definition video signal to a standards down-convertor (44). This has a video output with a reduced number of lines coupled to a frame store (46) and a data output connected to a buffer (48). Means (54) combines the data from the buffer (48) with the video signal from the frame store (46). A controller (50) responsive to synchronizing information ensures that the data is combined with blank portions of the video signal. The combined signal is then fed to transmitter (53).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing dispersion-strengthened material wherein a first material having a metal matrix M and at least one metal X capable of reacting with boron is supplied in a molten state to a mixing region at a first velocity. A second material having a metal matrix M and boron is supplied to the mixing region at a second velocity. The materials impinge on one another to produce a reaction between the metal X and the boron to form a boride in the metal matrix M. The mixture is solidified and pulverized to a powder which is then cleaned and consolidated.

Abstract: A wafer scale integrated circuit comprises a few hundred modules (10) which can be connected into a long chain by commands sent to the modules along a transmit path set up by way of module inputs (XINN, XINE, XINS, XINW) from neighboring modules and outputs thereto (XOUTN, XOUTE, XOUTS, XOUTW), only one of which is enabled by one of four selection signals (SELN, SELE, SELS, SELW) acting both on transmit path logic (20) and on receive path logic (21) in a return path. Each module includes configuration logic (22) which decodes commands providing the selection signals (SELN, etc), a READ signal and a WRITE signal. The configuration logic (22) is addressed when a bit is presented thereto by the transmit path simultaneously with assertion of a signal (CMND) which is supplied globally to all modules. The address configuration logic clocks the bit along a shift register and the selected command is determined by the position of the bit at the time that the global signal (CMND) is terminated.

Abstract: A copying machine which projects a light image from different documents placed at different places onto the same exposure section in the photosensitive material along the respective different optical axes, thereby facilitating the changeover of the documents with the initially set optical axes being kept.

Abstract: A data processing system which includes a floating point computation unit (FPU) which interfaces with a central processing unit (CPU) in which the CPU supplies a dispatch control signal to inform the FPU that it is about to execute a floating point macroinstruction and supplies a dispatch address which includes the starting address of the floating point microinstructions therefor during the same operating cycle that the dispatch control signal is supplied. A buffer memory is provided in the FPU to store the starting address of one decoded macroinstruction while a sequence of microinstructions for a previously decoded macroinstruction is being executed by the FPU. When the buffer already has a starting address resident in its buffer the FPU supplies a control signal to prevent the CPU from supplying a further dispatch address until the buffer is empty. Other control signals for synchronizing the CPU and FPU operations and data transfers are also provided.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus including: a mode setting unit for setting one of a cut-off mode in which a recording paper on which received image data is recorded is cut off page by page and discharged, and a continuous mode in which the recording paper is continuously discharged without being cut off, a cut-off control unit for generating a cut-off signal on receipt of a signal indicating that a transmission of image data for one page is completed and a signal indicating that a transmission of the whole image data is completed in a state where the cut-off mode is set, and a cut-off unit for cutting off the recording paper in response to the cut-off signal.

Abstract: A method of translating a sentence including a compound word formed by hyphenation by using a translating apparatus which includes a dictionary look up and morpheme analyzer for looking up each word constituting an input sentence of a source language in a dictionary and providing a morpheme array of the input sentence from information obtained by looking up the dictionary, a syntax analyzer for analyzing a syntactic structure of the morpheme array provided by the dictionary look up and morpheme analyzer with dictionary and grammatical rules, a language converter for converting the syntactic structure analyzed by the syntax analyzer into a corresponding syntactic structure of a target language, and a language generator for generating a translation in accordance with the syntactic structure of the target language received from the language converter referring to the information obtained by looking up the dictionary.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microwave circuit suitable made into a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). This microwave circuit includes a main line comprising a distributed constant line formed on a major surface of a substrate, and a stub connected in parallel with the main line in which lines the characteristics admittance varies discontinuously. Because of the discontinuous variation of the characteristic admittance of the stub, the phase of the characteristic admittance is changed, so that the stub length can be reduced.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film containing 0.01 to 4 wt %, based on the polyester film, of inorganic particles, the volumetric shape parameter being 0.02 to 0.2, the weight-average particle size being 0.05 to 3 .mu.m, and the ratio (Dw/Dn) of the weight-average particle size (Dw) and the number-average particle size (Dn) being not more than 1.1 is disclosed. The film of the present invention has a uniform surface and shows excellent running property and wear resistance so that it is useful as a base film for a magnetic tape, for example. Thus, the film of the present invention has a high industrial value.

Abstract: A humidity generating method and apparatus which utilizes a source of air which can be supplied to a saturator and to a drier for supplying wet and dry air streams. Control means are provided to control a cyclical supplying of alternating timed quantities of wet and dry air streams to a chamber to provide a mixed air stream having a desired relative humidity.

Abstract: In order to achieve increased resolution and to minimise cross-colour and cross-luminance effects in a PAL, NTSC or SECAM encoded signal, a high definition source (20) is pre-filtered at a higher line rate according to one of at least two methods (22, 24, 26). The filtered signal is sub-sampled (at 30, 32) at the source line standard where necessary, depending upon the degree of bandwidth reduction employed and one of the methods of pre-filtering and sub-sampling selected according (at 34) to a control signal (36) dependent on picture content. The luminance and chrominance components of the selected encoded signal are band pass filtered (46, 50, 52) and the chrominance signal modulated onto a sub-carrier (54) such that the frequency spectrum of the luminance and chrominance signals do not overlap.

Abstract: A convertible jewelry article for use by a wearer and including an ornamental member having a holding bracket secured thereto, the holding bracket being formed with a dome portion, the interior of which is shaped to receive a semi-spherical member therein. The semi-spherical member is formed as part of a mounting element such as an earring post, an earring clamp, or a necklace, the dome portion receiving the semi-spherical member therein for mounting a selected ornamental member on the mounting element, whereafter the mounting element is secured in place on the wearer for locating the selected ornamental member in a position of use thereon, and the mounting element being selectable in accordance with the intended use thereof by the wearer.

Abstract: A structure for responding to incident radiation for directing said radiation in a selected direction with respect to the structure, the structure using at least two outer diffraction elements and an intermediate diffraction element, the diffraction characteristics being selected so that the selected direction remains within relatively limited confines independent of the angles of incidence of the incoming radiation over a selected range thereof.

Abstract: A fan beam of light from a source (L) is directed across the edge of a car body window frame section (10) with an external reflective corner (11) and an internal reflective corner (12). The corners reflect sharp spots of light (S1) and (S2) respectively into a detector (D) which produces an output waveform (FIG. 2) in which sharp pulses (P1, P2) correspond to the spots of light. It is easy to discriminate against other pulses (P3) arising from stray reflections, e.g. the multiple reflection (13, R3). The positions of the pulses (P1 and P2) enable the positions of the corners to be calculated. Two detectors and/or or two light sources may be used to increase the amount of data available so as to allow a complete solution for the coordinates of the centers of curvature (C1, C2) of the corners relative to the detectors and the radii of curvature of the corners.

Abstract: A device for heating a medium with which the device is in thermal contact for use in determining the thermal or flow properties of the medium. The device has a heater for supplying heat to the medium at an interface of the device with the medium and a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature at such interface.