Abstract: A PWM-based controller for controlling a voltage applied to a DC-powered electric heating blanket from a power source includes a square wave producing circuit for connection in the circuit with the battery and the blanket. The square wave producing circuit produces a variable duty cycle square wave for controlling application of power to the blanket in accordance with the duty cycle of the square wave. The square wave producing circuit has a control input for varying the duty cycle of the square wave in response to a voltage at the control input. The voltage at the control input may be set manually using a voltage varying circuit connected to the power source. A low voltage detection circuit may also be connected to the power source and coupled to the control input of the square wave producing circuit for automatically producing a voltage that decreases the duty cycle of the square wave when the battery voltage decreases to or below a predetermined level.

Abstract: A method of detecting impurities in a mass, such as detecting metallic and/or plastic particles in a stream of tobacco particles or filter material for tobacco smoke, includes the steps of moving the mass relative to a microwave field and/or vice versa, and analyzing the influence of the mass upon the microwave field. The analyzing step involves simultaneously measur- the actual values of a first and a second parameter of the microwave field, ascertaining the presence or absence of those changes of the parameters which are attributable to the presence of impurities in the mass, determining whether or not the changes are within an acceptable range, and generating signals for segregation of impurities-containing portions of the mass from the other portions when the changes are outside of the acceptable range.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a squab and a back mounted for pivotal movement relative to the squab. A support plate is mounted to the squab, and the back of the seat is pivotally mounted to the support plate. A mechanism for providing a resistive force resists a first pivotal movement. The providing mechanism provides a first resistive force during a first energy impact and a second resistive force during a second energy impact. The first energy impact is a higher energy impact than the second energy impact.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for controlling the respective brake of a device for transporting people, such as an escalator or a moving pavement in that the control signals for the drive motors and the brake are monitored with the aid of several processors. If functional interruptions occur in the region of the device for transporting people, the brake is applied abruptly. If deceleration values are detected, the brake is relieved in a defined manner and the device for transporting people is thus stopped via the processors within a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An apparatus for confining commodities in containers each of which consists of several components. The commodities are advanced along an elongated path past a series of stations where the components of the containers are draped around successive commodities. At least some of the components are provided with characteristic indicia, and a control circuit processes the indicia into information which is encoded upon the finished containers. Such information is decoded, when necessary, to ascertain the genuineness or lack of genuineness of the commodities, for example, the identity of the maker and packer of cigarettes in cigarette packs.

Abstract: A device is provided for use in a carding machine having a roller with clothing, the device being for arranging opposite the clothing on the roller. The device has a flat bar, a clothing strip, and a rigid support element connected to the clothing strip and having fastening elements. The fastening elements engage the flat bar and exert pressure on the flat bar.

Abstract: A reluctance electric machine comprising: (a) a stator part (4) with stator teeth (12) of magnetically conductive material that are provided with coil windings (24); (b) and a rotor part (6) arranged coaxially with respect to the stator part (12) and located opposite the stator part (12) so as to leave free an air gap (8) therebetween; (c) the rotor part (6) having a number of discrete poles (20) of magnetically conductive material that project in the direction towards the stator part (12), characterized in (d) that cooling with channelled coolant flow is provided at least for partial sections of the coil windings (24) of the stator part (12).

Abstract: A method and system improve the detection of abnormalities, such as lung nodules, in radiological images using digital image processing and artificial neural network techniques. The detection method and system use a nodule phantom for matching in order to enhance the efficiency in detection. The detection method and system use spherical parameters to characterize true nodules, thus enabling detection of the nodules in the mediastinum. The detection method and system use a multi-layer back-propagation neural network architecture not only for the classification of lung nodules but also for the integration of detection results from different classifiers. In addition, this method and system improve the detection efficiency by recommending the ranking of true nodules and several false positive nodules prior to the training of the neural network classifier. The method and system use image segmentation to remove regions outside the chest in order to reduce the false positives outside the chest region.

Abstract: Apparatus for the application of adhesive to one side of a running web of tipping paper for use in filter cigarete makers has a single source of adhesive or two or more sources containing identical or different adhesives, and one or more conduits leading from the source(s) to one or more nozzles which applies or apply one or more films of a single adhesive or of different adhesives to selected portions of the one side of the web. The rate of admission of adhesive(s) to the nozzle(s), including interruption and restarting of admission of adhesive(s), is regulated by one or more valves each having a body receiving a rotary valving element provided with one or more peripheral projections and/or recesses serving to regulate the rate of flow of adhesive toward the single nozzle or the respective nozzles. The rotary elements of two or more valves can constitute disc-shaped sections of a single rotor confined in a valve body common to all valves.

Abstract: A feeding device for feeding a processing line with printed products, including folded or non-folded printed sheets, from a stack of printed products. The printed sheets are held in a magazine. A conveyor defines a circulating path and moves in a conveying direction for conveying the printed products to the processing line. A synchronously driven separating mechanism, which is pivotally attached to the magazine, acts upon a closed fold or an edge of the printed product and operates to partially remove the printed product from the stack of printed products. A gripping arrangement includes a controlled gripping device attached to the conveyor in a feeding region of the processing line and essentially moves along in the conveying direction for taking over the printed product from the separating mechanism by gripping a front edge of the printed product relative to the conveying direction.

Abstract: Provided is an infinitely variable cone pulley transmission for which the contact pressure between the cone pulley pairs and the traction is generated hydraulically on one transmission side and mechanical, with the aid of a spring, on the other transmission side. The second transmission side is provided with an axially fixed and an axially movable cone pulley with extended hub. The contact pressure mechanism includes a cam sleeve that is fixed relative to the shaft, a cam sleeve formed by the free end of the hub and roll bodies for the force transmittal, which are inserted between opposite arranged cam curves and rotate around axes extending radial to the transmission shaft. The roll bodies are guided by rings and are held at a mutual distance to each other and with spring force in the axial center region between the cam sleeves, wherein the spring is arranged coaxial on the extended hub.

Abstract: An apparatus having a percolating, sponge-like nanoparticulate layer, the apparatus being suitable for numerous technical applications. The object is accomplished by an apparatus having an electrode and a sponge-like, percolating, electrically-conductive layer comprising bound nanoparticles, the layer containing cavities and at least partially covering the electrode. The size of the nanoparticles is at most 15 times the size of a forming space-charge region in the layer; the cavities in the layer are at least partially filled with an electrolyte. The cavities of the layer are larger than the space-charge region in the electrolyte. The electrolyte also forms a film, which borders the surface of the layer located opposite the electrode. The apparatus also includes elements with which a voltage can be applied between the electrode and the electrolyte.