Abstract: Method for estimating the filling of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine provided with cam stroke variation system. A theoretical induction efficiency which the cylinder would have if it operated with an optimal induction/exhaust timing value is estimated; said theoretical induction efficiency is derated by a correction factor depending on the induction/exhaust timing value actually used to estimate the induction efficiency, which is a standardised measurement of the filling of the cylinder.

Abstract: A purified cold-active beta galactosidase enzyme, specific for lactose, having a stable enzymatic activity at a temperature below 8° C. In the presence of lactose, a purified cold-active beta galactosidase enzyme, specific for lactose, having a stable enzymatic activity at a temperature ranging between 0° C. and 50° C.

Abstract: A pretensioner for a safety-belt includes an elongate housing (1) defining a chamber (2) and a unit (3) for movement along the housing. The unit has an end element in the form of a piston (4) which is provided with balls (5) received in a groove (6) which enables the piston to move only in one direction. The piston is connected by a resilient spring (7) to a connector element (8) of a form corresponding to that of a piston (4). The connector element is connected (12) to one end of a wire (11) which is connected to part of a safety-belt. A peg (17) maintains the spring (7) compressed. When the pretensioner is actuating gas from a gas generator it is applied to the piston (4) moving the whole unit (3) within the housing whilst braking the peg (17). At the end of the movement the piston (4) cannot move back towards its initial position. Any subsequent slack appearing within the safety-belt is taken up by expansion of the spring (7).

Abstract: An electrical switch is provided having at least one contact system having a switching contact movable between two switch positions, an operating member that acts on the switching contact, a slide hinged on the operating member, and delay means operatively connected to the switching contact in at least one of the two switch positions. The delay means delaying movement of the switching contact, and being arranged in an extension of the slide. The delay means, the operating member and the slide are arranged on a same side of the contact system.

Abstract: A device is provided for a spinning preparation machine for removing foreign particles, the machine having a rotating cylinder with ends. The device has a knife blade having a separation edge, the knife blade being arranged at an adjustable distance to and angled counter to a rotational direction of the cylinder; a suctioning chamber associated with the knife blade; a holding element to which the knife blade and the suctioning chamber are attached; and at least one adjusting element. The holding element, the knife blade and the suctioning chamber form a single adjustable unit. A position of the single adjustable unit relative to the cylinder is adjustable by adjusting the at least one adjusting element. The at least one adjusting element is located outside one of the ends of the cylinder in a longitudinal direction of the cylinder and in a region of the separation edge on the knife blade.

Abstract: A drive system for a vehicle includes wheel-carrying first and second axles; a storage battery; and a motor/generator selectively operable in motor or generator modes. The motor/generator is connected to the storage battery and cooperates with one of the axles for applying electric energy to the battery when operating in the generator mode and for applying a driving torque to the axle when operating in the motor mode. The drive system further has first and second internal-combustion engines; a transmission connected to the first engine; a first clutch for selectively connecting the transmission to or disconnecting the transmission from, one of the axles; and a second clutch for selectively connecting the second engine to or disconnecting the second engine from, the transmission.

Abstract: A fiber processing machine includes a roll having a direction of rotation and a clothing for carrying thereon fiber material; a cover partially circumferentially shrouding the roll; an air passage opening provided in the cover; an air guiding element bordering the air passage opening; a support for movably holding the air guiding element for varying a distance between the roll and the air guiding element; a pressure sensor for measuring a static pressure between the cover and the roll; and an arrangement for setting a position of the air guiding element as a function of the pressure measured by the pressure sensor.

Abstract: An air-bag (8) is mounted in the roof of a motor vehicle to be deployed in front of an occupant (7) of the vehicle. The air-bag is constrained by tear straps (15) within the air-bag to inflate initially as a “curtain” in front of the occupant of the vehicle, that curtain only having a relatively narrow thickness (t). When the tear-straps break, the bag has a more rounded configuration. The bas is releasably retained within a recess (9) which initially houses the bag. When the bag is fully inflated, the bag becomes totally separated from the recess, to prevent the bag forcing the head of the occupant rearwardly as the torso of the occupant moves forwardly during an accident.

Abstract: A motor vehicle has a seat (1) and a dashboard (8) mounted airbag (9) which has a first mode of operation and a less aggressive second mode of operation. There is a seat-belt (6) having a retractor (7) which can enter the automatic locking mode (ALR) in which the reactor will wind in but not pay out. A weight sensing arrangement (4, 5) determines the weight on the seat. If the weight is less that a threshold (MI) and the ALR mode is activated an airbag control (17) makes the airbag inflate, in an accident, with the second less aggressive mode. If the weight exceeds the threshold, then the airbag inflates in the ordinary way. If a child seat is mounted on the seat the seat-belt will be in the ALR mode and the weight will be less than the selected threshold, so that the airbag will not injure an occupant of a child seat.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sieving device for mechanically separating and extracting solid bodies or solid matter from a liquid current, in particular, to sieve gratings for process or effluent currents or for use in sewage treatment plants or hydroelectric power stations. Said device comprises a number of sieving panels (2, 2′, 2″) which are substantially arranged in a transverse direction to the direction of flow of the liquid current, are linked together, and which form a revolving endless sieve belt (1) immersing into the liquid current (20). The device also comprises a drive for the endless sieve belt (1), whereby the sieving panels (2, 2′, 2″) are arranged successively in such a way that the revolving motion of the endless sieve belt (1) is comprised within one single plane which lies substantially perpendicular to the direction of flow of the liquid current (20).

Abstract: A device and a method for producing zones of desired air permeability in the enveloping material of rod-shaped articles, particularly in the tobacco-processing industry. The device includes a beam-guiding device for focusing an energy-rich beam, generated by a radiation source, onto the enveloping material in order to form perforation zones, as well as a multiple beam-generating device that generates a multiple beam from the single beam. The multiple beam-generating device is provided with at least one optical element that is fixed in its operating position relative to the beam.

Abstract: In the present method for broadcasting a message in an incomplete radio communication network (2) having a fluctuating number of subscribers (4-12) for forwarding the message, with each subscriber having a transmitting and receiving device for messages and a positioning system for determining his global position, subscribers (6-12) determine their own position, and the distance d from the sender of the message, who is also a subscriber (6-12), after receiving the message, and transmit the message, with their own position, to further subscribers (6-12) after a predetermined waiting period t, which decreases monotonically as the distance d increases. This measure ensures a rapid transmission of the message that does not burden the radio communication network (2).

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus for detecting objects in a monitored region includes a transmitter that emits transmission light, a receiver that receives a reflected light, and an evaluation unit, in which the transit time to of the transmission light that is guided in the monitored region and reflected back, as a reflected light, by an object is evaluated. The transmitter emits the transmission light in the form of a sequence of transmission light pulses. A portion of the light quantity of a transmission light pulse is coupled out as a reference transmission light pulse and guided by way of a reference path to the receiver. The transit time tR of the reference transmission light pulse guided as a reference reflected light pulse to the receiver is determined in the evaluation unit. The transit-time difference to−tR is used to determine the distance of an object.

Abstract: A transport system provided in particular for large-component transfer presses is distinguished by a design with a low width and, nevertheless, permits large transport steps. By controlling two drives in the direction of rotation in relation to each other, all desired travel curves in one plane can be realized. As a result of the simple construction, a cost-effective solution is achieved for a highly dynamic transport system.

Abstract: An espresso machine is provided with an infusion piston displaceable inside an infusion cylinder. The infusion piston is force-connected to a spring and to a device for activating the infusion piston and, in a first position, tightly encloses ground coffee inside an infusion chamber of the infusion cylinder between itself and an outlet sieve. A pressurized water inlet is connected to the infusion chamber, the infusion piston is automatically pushed by the pressure of the infusion water flowing into the infusion cylinder and counter to a spring force to a second predetermined position, thereby expanding the infusion chamber, whereupon during a pressure drop inside the infusion chamber the infusion piston is returned automatically to the first position.

Abstract: An articulated-arm transport system, provided in particular for the automation of press lines and large-component transfer presses, is distinguished by a design which permits components or workpieces to be inserted or removed even when there is a small clearance between an upper and lower tool.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable, flow-porous fluid treatment element suitable for hot fluid treatment, in particular a filter element, characterized by the following components: (a) inorganic solid particles with inner voids; and (b) hardened binder on a water glass base, (c) the binder holding together the solid particles to form the flow-porous fluid treatment element.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound having antimalarial acitivity and an antimalarial agent containing the novel compound as an active component. An antimalarial agent containing 12-hidroxy-2-(1-methoxy-carbonylethyl)-5-oxo-10,11,13-trioxatricyclo[7.2.0.01,6]tridecane represented by a following formula (II) as an active agent is prepared.