Abstract: In the manufacture of a multi-ply fibrous sheet structure, each of a pair of plies of fibrous web material is provided with a pattern of relatively deep, primary, spot embossments each adherent to the opposite ply and surrounded by a pattern of relatively shallow, secondary, non-adherent spot embossments.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacture of fibrous webs including means to spray adhesive binder particles onto a fibrous web supported on a forming wire includes spray heads in a spray booth through which the wire passes, and a pair of baffles extending transversely of the plane of the web, at opposite sides thereof. The baffles and portions of the booth are relatively closely spaced from the web, to form elongate openings below the plane of the web. A suction box having an opening beneath the web and forming wire draws air through the web and wire in a pair of flow paths that lead upwardly through the elongate openings between the baffles and the web, then downwardly through the web and the wire. The air drawn upwardly between the baffles and the web prevents sprayed-on particles of binder material near sides of the web from escaping and contaminating adjacent portions of the apparatus.

Abstract: Ligno-novolak resins, either in the form of physical blends of lignin and novolak resins or as synthetically derived from the reaction of lignin, phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acidic catalyst, are provided. The resins, including the physical blends, are curable to thermoset, substantially completely cross-linked resins in which the lignin is interreacted and cross linked through the action of a curing agent such as hexamethylenetetramine. The resins are useful in the production of molding compounds that exhibit properties that are at least comparable to those of compounds derived from novolak resins. Moreover, excellent heat deflection temperatures and superior electrical properties are exhibited by such molding compounds.

Abstract: Apparatus for inserting a film-wrapped package into a carton. A relatively flat film-wrapped package, sealed along a peripherally extending flange that projects away from its contents, is inserted into a carton through an open side having closure flaps. To ensure against interference of the flange with the closure flap upon closing the carton, the package is inserted using a pushing device having a concavely curved face engageable with the package flange, and operative to curl the flange into the carton for frictional retention by a wall of the carton.

Abstract: A continuous process is provided for effecting the acid hydrolysis of whole grains, e.g., corn, at high solids and in an economically desirable manner. The process produces glucose which is readily fermentable to produce ethanol.

Abstract: A pyrolysis process and system produces a solid residue and a clean, enriched fuel gas. In the process, the pyrolytic oil and filter cake are recycled in such a manner as to produce products of optimal value, and to minimize the need for servicing and downtime of the system. Recycling of water recovered in the process may also be employed to achieve enrichment of the gaseous product. The process may be carried out in such a manner as to produce a non-polluting wastewater stream that can be discharged directly from the system.

Abstract: Apparatus for the deposition of a uniform web of dry wood pulp fibers on a forming wire in combination with melt blowing die means operable to deposit melt blown fibers on the web of dry fibers to strengthen the web. Means for depositing the webs comprise serially disposed sets of fiber distributors, and the die means is disposed between the sets of fiber distributors so that the melt blown fibers are deposited as separate layers on the finished web.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning particulate matter from container bodies. Container bodies are conveyed, open end down, along a corridor formed by two parallel pressurized fluid curtains. The container bodies pass over a series of nozzles which subject the interior of the containers to blasts of ionized gas. The ionized gas neutralizes any electrostatic charges and expells the particulate matter from the container. The curtaining sweeps the expelled particles into a spray mist region where they are entrained and subsequently condensed into a waste stream for disposal. The apparatus features a tunnel which substantially separates the fluid curtaining from the spray mist region. An outer housing enclosing the spray mist region is fabricated of transparent plastic to permit visual monitoring.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a machine and method of adhering a can opening key to a container and the article formed by such method and machine. More specifically, this invention pertains to the taping of a can opening key to a can body wall by means of a continuous motion high speed machine for applying a polymeric film carrying an adhesive on a surface thereof.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: A low noise air nozzle system for fanning and separating stacked sheet to facilitate single sheet pick-up. The system employs nozzles which are provided with a diverging air ejection channel which terminates at the nozzle face in an orifice slit 0.025" wide.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions using sulfonium salt photoinitiators to effect polymerization of cationically polymerizable monomers additionally include a stable free radical to reduce or eliminate the sulfur odor generated upon photodecomposition of the sulfonium salt photoinitiator. The stable free radicals are soluble in the polymerizable material and are stable in the composition at ambient temperatures. Especially useful is 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.

Abstract: Lignin concentrate solutions with at least about 40% total solids, having viscosities not higher than 10,000 cps. at 25.degree. C. and comprising normally water-insoluble and phenol-insoluble Kraft lignin dissolved in solvents comprising phenol and water or phenol-water-sodium hydroxide or ammonia are provided. The concentrates contain lignin to phenol weight ratios of less than 70:30 and more than 40:60 and preferably 50:50, and optionally, 2 to 20%, based on the weight of lignin, of sodium hydroxide or ammonia.The concentrates are storable and suitable for shipment and may be employed as phenol extenders in applications normally using phenols. They are particularly tailored for use in replacement of 25% to 100% of the phenol component in the production of phenol/formaldehyde resins and, when so employed, provide phenol-lignin-formaldehyde (PLF) resins that are useful in the formulation of plywood adhesives.

Abstract: An absorbent, puffy sheet structure comprising a pair of plies of web material adhered in continuous linear regions interspersed with pocket portions. Portions of the plies forming the pocket portions include inwardly presented perforate bosses that enhance softness and water absorbency. The structure is achieved utilizing apparatus comprising a pair of matched-pattern, synchronously rotatable steel rolls each provided with small, sharp, ply-perforating members in the recesses between land areas, in combination with synchronous rotatable rubber embossing rolls urged against the rotatable steel rolls and intervening plies to form the perforate bosses.

Abstract: An inverted press for producing multiple drawn metal containers combines in one press the functions of cupping and drawing presses. The press includes a blanking and cupping station and several drawing and redrawing stations, disposed one adjacent the other and rendered serially operative by a vertically reciprocable slide assembly. At each stage of operation the material, semifinished article or finished article is under complete control. A method for producing a drawn container by multiple forming and reforming of a drawn article, is also provided.

Abstract: An inverted press for producing multiple drawn metal containers combines in one press the functions of cupping and drawing presses. The press includes a blanking and cupping station and several drawing and redrawing stations, disposed one adjacent the other and rendered serially operative by a vertically reciprocable slide assembly. At each stage of operation the material, semifinished article or finished article is under complete control. A method for producing a drawn container by multiple forming and reforming of a drawn article, is also provided.

Abstract: Novel lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins, suitable for use as wood bonding adhesives, are provided by a two-step method which comprises reacting formaldehyde and phenol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst for a period sufficient to produce a partially condensed phenol-formaldehyde resin, thereafter reacting said precondensed resin with sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde and a lignin concentrate having at least 40% solids and comprising lignin dissolved in (a) phenol and water; or (b) phenol, water and sodium hydroxide or ammonia, the lignin to phenol weight ratios in said solution being less than 70:30 and more than 40:60. The second stage of the method is conducted at reflux temperature initially after which reaction is conducted below reflux temperature to control the degree of condensation.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for separating and recovering zinc and zinc alloy particles which are nickel plated from non-ferrous non-magnetic automotive scrap material. The scrap material is transported on a belt conveyor past a magnetic field where the path of the zinc particles with nickel are deflected into a path separated from the remaining scrap material. Subsequently the zinc and zinc alloy materials are recovered by a pyrometallurgical process.

Abstract: A blister card package has a product with an enlarged portion, and a conforming blister. Interference between the resilient blister and the enlarged portion retains the product in the package when the product is subjected to moderate removal forces, such as gravity. The product may also be returned to the package for resilient retainment and storage.

Abstract: A package for protecting fragile food items against damage in commerce. The package includes a tray being formed with a cutout defining a saddle and a return bend portion defining a slot having a retaining wall and a plurality of nested, generally U-shaped pastry units associated with the tray saddle and slot. The tray and pastry units being enclosed within an outer plastic film.