Abstract: A process and device useful therein for hydraulically entangling the fibers in a fiber batt to form a fiber-entangled base sheet for a non-woven fabric, and a uniformly and lightly fiber-entangled, base sheet formed by the process. The process includes applying at least one liquid curtain against the fiber batt while it is supported on a moving, apertured backing screen. The liquid curtain is uniform in width throughout its length and substantially non-diverging as it is delivered from a source of liquid under a pressure sufficient to effect entanglement of the fibers in the batt. Preferably, the pressure is at least about 200 p.s.i.g., and the maximum divergence of the curtain is about 4 degrees. The device for applying the liquid curtain includes first and second members and means for securing the members together to form a chamber therebetween in which the liquid is contained and to form a slot in communication from the chamber to the exterior of the device.

Abstract: An improved process for obtaining copper from a copper sulfide, in which: the copper sulfide is treated with oxygen and an aqueous leaching solution of ammonium carbonate, to form a leach liquor which contains ammonia complexes of copper sulfate and copper carbonate; the leach liquor is heated to form gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide; the leach liquor is treated with a strongly alkaline material to precipitate sulfates and form additional gaseous ammonia; and the copper is then recovered by electrowinning. In this process, the ammonium carbonate leaching solution is formed from carbon dioxide that is generated by: adding a metal carbonate to the leach liquor during the heating thereof; and recovering the gaseous carbon dioxide, as well as the gaseous ammonia, formed during the heating of the leach liquor.

Abstract: A paperboard bulk bin for heavy palletized loads of meat and the like, which includes a side wall that is formed by a plurality of alternating, foldably connected, substantially rectangular, upstanding side panels and corner panels; each of the side panels having a horizontally disposed, substantially rectangular flap, foldably connected to its bottom edge; each of the corner panels having a horizontally disposed, four-sided, tapered flap, foldably connected to its bottom edge and positioned atop adjacent rectangular flaps; and each of the tapered flaps and rectangular flaps being foldably connected to a triangular gusset panel, horizontally disposed between them. The bulk bin is provided with an improved pad, forming the bottom of the bin, which is unscored, unfolded, generally rectangular, substantially planar, and substantially rigid. The bottom pad includes two pairs of parallel slots, extending from opposite side edges thereof, with the pairs of slots being substantially aligned.

Abstract: A bag having an end closure through which the bag is filled after sealing of the closure. A valve sleeve is provided in the end closure through which a filling tube may be inserted for filling the bag. After completion of the filling operation, the valve sleeve is tightly flattened within the closure, so that the material filling the bag does not leak through the sleeve. The valve sleeve includes a flexible tubing secured to a reinforcing strip. The reinforcing strip is secured to the end closure along substantially its entire length when the closure is sealed and prevents the flexible tubing from crimping, so that it may be tightly flattened. A slit is provided in the valve sleeve from its inner end to about its middle along an axis parallel to the axis of insertion of the filling tube into the sleeve. The means for securing the reinforcing strip to the end closure covers substantially the closure contacting face of the strip, except in the area of the slit.

Abstract: A process and device useful therein for hydraulically entangling the fibers in a fiber batt to form a non-woven fabric. The process includes applying at least one liquid curtain against the fiber batt while it is supported on a moving, apertured backing screen. The liquid curtain is uniform in width throughout its length and substantially non-diverging as it is delivered from a source of liquid under a pressure sufficient to effect entanglement of the fibers in the batt. Preferably, the pressure is at least about 200 p.s.i.g. and the maximum divergence of the curtain is about 4 degrees. The device for applying the liquid curtain includes first and second members and means for securing the members together to form a chamber therebetween in which the liquid is contained and to form a slot in communication from the chamber to the exterior of the device. The slot has a substantially uniform width along its length and preferably also a uniform depth.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for machining a pre-selected contour in a surface of a workpiece, such as an end face of the workpiece. The workpiece is rotated on a lathe about its longitudinal axis and a cutting tool, mounted on a movable cross slide of the lathe, is positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece for cutting a contour into the workpiece end face. A probe, also mounted on the cross slide, is positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a pattern for continual contact with the outer surface of the pattern, which is being rotated about its longitudinal axis. Upon rotation of the pattern and workpiece and movement of the cross slide, the probe moves towards and away from the longitudinal axis of the pattern in accordance with a change in the distance from the point of probe contact with the pattern outer surface to the longitudinal axis of the pattern.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for imparting both flame resistance and water repellency properties to textiles, particularly non-woven textiles. The composition contains a polyvinylacetate, a chloro- or bromo-substituted phosphate plasticizer, a polyfluoroalkyl polyacrylate, water repellent, and an inorganic, water soluble salt, flame retardant.

Abstract: A method of making a disposable garment, which garment is generally intended for use under sterile conditions.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a non-woven fabric by wet-laying, on paper making equipment, staple length, synthetic fibers having a length to diameter ratio of about 400 to 3000, and an improved, non-woven fabric produced by the process. The process involves forming a stable, viscous, uniform, air-fiber-water dispersion by: adding the fibers to a high-shear agitated mixture of water and a dispersant to separate the fibers and to completely and uniformly distribute the individual fibers throughout the resulting, high-shear agitated, air, water and fiber mixture; and then, slowly adding a thixotropic thickener to the high-shear agitated mixture to form the viscous, air-fiber-water dispersion, having a nascent viscosity of about 10 to 125 cps., when measured at a shear rate of 30.5 sec..sup.-1, and in which the individual fibers are restrained from becoming entangled and from forming knits, bundles, and strings.

Abstract: A slurry of cellulosic material is diluted to a flowable consistency and subjected to a pressure differential on a permeable surface to increase the slurry consistency to a value between the consistency of the diluted slurry and the consistency of the slurry prior to dilution thereby forming a mat of cellulosic material on the permeable surface. The liquid and solids which pass through the permeable surface as a result of the pressure differential are recycled for use as slurry diluent, and to the mat of cellulosic material, while the mat remains on the permeable surface and subject to the pressure differential, is countercurrently applied, in a plurality of treatment stages, a treating liquid, such as a wash liquid, including application of a fresh treating liquid to said mat in the last stage of said treatment stages, whereby the treating liquid displaces at least a portion of liquid present in said mat from said mat and through the permeable surface in each treatment stage.

Abstract: A reinforced paperboard box for cut-up meat and the like and the blank for forming the box. The box includes the following conventional elements: a bottom panel; a pair of upstanding side wall panels, connected to opposite edges of the bottom panel; a pair of upstanding end wall panels connected to opposite edges of the bottom panel; a pair of upstanding side wall reinforcing flaps, each of which is connected to an upstanding edge of one of the end wall panels and is located inwardly of a side wall panel; a pair of upstanding end wall reinforcing flaps, each of which is connected to an upstanding edge of one of the side wall panels and is located outwardly of an end wall panel; a pair of side closure flaps, each connected to the upper edge of one of the side wall panels; and a pair of end closure flaps, each connected to the upper edge of one of the end wall reinforcing flaps. The box features a pair of support tabs, connected along a cut fold line to the upper edges of the end wall panels.

Abstract: Polymeric sheets having on one or both sides a fabric texture and a network of elongated channels in the interior of the structural framework of the sheet. In one embodiment, the sheets comprise a plurality of interbonded continuous polymeric ribs extending in a direction parallel to the plane of the sheet. The ribs impart a fabric texture to both sides of the sheet and define between them recessed portions on each surface of the sheet. The elongated channels extend throughout the ribs. The open area between the ribs can vary from zero to 60%. In another embodiment, the sheets have an ultra-thin, pinhole-free silicone rubber membrane on one side and a fabric texture on the other side. The sheets are useful as burn coverings where they serve as synthetic temporary replacements for damaged or missing skin.

Abstract: Simulated traditional colonial sand-finished masonry is provided having a unique appearance simulating that of sand-finished burned clayware. The decorative qualities are excellent and can be made similar to those of architectural terra cotta and other burned clayware. The product of the invention comprises a substrate or panel which is coated with a cured plastic composition containing filler and having the desired appearance. The coated surface has a rough, rugged surface which is characteristic of sand finished masonry. The surface has the hardness of silica, is waterproof, decorative, and permanent; with the effect of clayware.The simulated product of the invention is easily and inexpensively constructed. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a wall construction is provided of masonry blocks coated with a cured plastic-sand composition having suitable pigments to produce a sand finished masonry appearance.

Abstract: A slurry of cellulosic material is diluted to a flowable consistency and subjected to a pressure differential on a permeable surface to increase the slurry consistency to a value between the consistency of the diluted slurry and the consistency of th slurry prior to dilution thereby forming a mat of cellulosic material on the permeable surface. The liquid and solids which pass through the permeable surface as a result of the pressure differential are recycled for use as slurry diluent, and to the mat of cellulosic material is applied a treating liquid, such as a washing liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming articles such as paperboard cartons from a single piece blank, comprising a first article holding member containing a cut-out and a second article holding member adapted to mate with the cut out. A portion of the workpiece is grasped by the mating surfaces of the holding members. Article forming members are provided in which the ungrasped portions of the workpiece are cradled. The forming members are capable of mating in close fitting relationship about the holding members. As the forming members move towards the holding members, they move the ungrasped cradled portions of the workpiece against the lateral surfaces of the mated holding members, sandwiching them between the mated holding members and mated forming members. The mated holding members serve as a forming mandrel to impart the desired shape to the workpiece. By properly sizing the forming members, corner seals on items such as paperboard cartons can be formed as the forming members mate around the holding members.

Abstract: A cut and scored, paperboard blank and the hexahedronal container formed from the blank. The container has bottom, top and end walls reinforced by at least one additional layer of paperboard material. The container features a handle construction which is connected to one of the side walls and is located within the container and beneath its top wall until the handle is positioned outwardly of the container, by the two steps of: partially opening the container by folding the side panels away from each other; and then, closing the container by folding the side panels towards each other, while urging the handle through a slot in the top wall of the container. The container also features a key shaped hole in an end wall of the container through which a roll of wire, in the container, can be dispensed and which is adapted to hold the end of the wire outwardly of the container in a readily accessible position.

Abstract: An electrically heated furnace assembly, suitable for a hot isostatic press, having windings of one or more resistance heating elements, helically wound about the longitudinal axis of the furnace assembly; rigid insulating sleeves, enclosing the heating elements and substantially covering their surfaces; the insulating sleeves abutting against the leading and trailing edges of one another and against the outer, upper and lower surfaces of one another; and a spiral shelf provided about the longitudinal axis of the furnace assembly, underlying the heating elements, and abutting against the outer lower surfaces of the insulating sleeves which enclose the lowermost winding of the resistance heating elements.

Abstract: A mechanical anti-wheel lock-up control system for avoiding wheel lock-up and consequent skidding in a motor vehicle, including a lock-up sensor or control device arranged in an open end of the axle tube and protectively covered over by the hub cap of the wheel, the control device being of an inertia flywheel actuable valve type controlling relief from and application of service air to the braking mechanism, the control device having an input shaft associated with the flywheel by means of an axially disengageable cam clutch and geared to be driven by the hub cap. The control device may be employed in a system individual to each wheel, or in a system serving a plurality or pair of wheels. In the latter, a control module of valves modulates the pressure of service air feeding to the braking mechanism in controlling a wheel lock-up condition.