Abstract: A method for automatically producing bib aprons from a continuous web of nonwoven fibrous material. The web is unwound from a supply roll, and beads of adhesive are applied adjacent its longitudinal edges as it is advanced along a feed path. The edges are then folded over the adhesive to provide longitudinal reinforcements, and the web is cut in a direction transverse to its direction of movement to form rectangular blanks. As the blanks continue along the feed path, additional beads of adhesive are applied to each blank in spaced areas adjacent a pair of opposed corners. To produce the neck loop and tie elements for the apron, a single narrow strip of nonwoven fibrous material is positioned over the blank in a direction transverse to its direction of movement, and the center of this strip is pulled in the direction of movement such that the strip forms both the neck loop and the tie elements. The opposed corners of the blank are folded over the adhesive areas to hold the strip in place.

Abstract: A one-piece paperboard partition and a die cut blank for forming it. The blank includes a rectangular panel made up of one set of two rectangular flaps or one or more sets of three rectangular flaps. The sets of flaps and the flaps in each set of the panel are arranged in a row and are foldably connected along one or more fold lines. Each set of flaps consists of one inner flap and one or two outer flaps. Each outer flap in a set includes a continuous slot, extending from the same side of its set of flaps and parallel to the fold lines. The blank also includes one or more bridging members, each of which is foldably connected to an inner flap, along the one slotted side of the set of flaps to which the bridging member is connected. The blank further includes one or more rectangular forked panels, each of which is foldably connected to the opposite side of a bridging member, remote from the one slotted side of the set of flaps to which the bridging member is attached.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic adhesive composition is described comprising starch, polyvinylacetate, a copolymer of vinylacetate and ethylene and, optionally, a water-resistant thermosetting resin such as urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde. The adhesive is particularly useful as a corrugator adhesive in the preparation of corrugated paperboard which requires a high wet bond strength. Because of its excellent "green bond" characteristics, the corrugators can be run at high speeds to produce a product having acceptable wet bond strengths with the important additional advantages that the bond is strong, tough and flexible.

Abstract: An ammoniacal solution containing nickel and cobalt is contacted with an extractant comprising an oxime or oxine compound dissolved in an organic diluent to selectively extract the nickel into the organic phase while leaving most of the cobalt in the aqueous ammoniacal phase from which it is subsequently recovered. The nickel-loaded organic extract is washed with water and aqueous carbon dioxide to remove and recover ammonia which undesirably transfers to the organic phase during the extraction. The ammonia-free, nickel-loaded extract is then stripped with aqueous sulfuric acid at low temperature to remove the nickel. The ammonia-free nickel sulfate solution produced in the stripping operation is particularly suitable for recovering the nickel by electrolytic deposition.

Abstract: The printability characteristics of gloss calendered paper coated on one side only is improved by moistening the uncoated side of the paper prior to gloss calendering the paper. Enough liquid must be applied to the uncoated side to raise the overall moisture content to at last about 8.5% and preferably to about 10% or more. The paper is gloss calendered while still wet and before appreciable amounts of the added liquid can migrate to the coated side of the paper. Thus a localized zone of high moisture content is provided at the uncoated side of the paper during the calendering. Under such conditions the gloss calendering produces a paper whose printability characteristics, especially its print smoothness, are better than conventional gloss calendered paper and, under preferred operating conditions, approach or equal those of conventional supercalendered paper.

Abstract: The sulfides of nickel and cobalt prepared by sulfiding nickel and cobalt-enriched ammoniacal solutions oxidize rapidly (and often pyrophorically) when exposed to normal atmospheric conditions. The oxidized sulfides then react with water present in the atmosphere in a hydration reaction. This oxidation and hydration may increase the weight of the sulfides by as much as 150% or more, depending upon such factors as the type of sulfides involved and the duration of the exposure. However, when nickel sulfide, cobalt sulfide, or mixtures thereof are dried, dehydrated, heated at temperatures of about 1000.degree.F. or higher in a substantially inert atmosphere, and then cooled in a substantially inert atmosphere, the sulfides can surprisingly be exposed to normal atmospheric conditions for prolonged periods of time without undergoing significant oxidation or hydration. Consequently, only minimal weight increases are observed with the treated sulfides.

Abstract: An ammoniacal solution containing nickel and cobalt dissolved as nickel-ammonia complexes and cobalt-ammonia complexes is treated with a material capable of providing free ammonia in the solution, such as gaseous ammonia or aqueous ammonia, in order to increase the proportion of higher nickel-ammonia complexes to lower nickel-ammonia complexes in solution until at least about 85% of the dissolved nickel is in the form of higher nickel-ammonia complexes, i.e., complexes in which the number of NH.sub.3 molecules is greater than 3. The attainment of this high concentration of higher nickel-ammonia complexes is readily determined by various analytical procedures such as, for example, free ammonia electrode measurements and spectrophotometer measurements. The solution is then treated with a sulfiding agent in an amount sufficient to selectively precipitate out the dissolved cobalt as cobalt sulfide. The resulting slurry is separated into a nickel-enriched liquid fraction and a cobalt-enriched solids fraction.

Abstract: An improved paperboard laminate for containers for bulk packaging liquids, syrups and pastes, which includes a layer of a high strength polymer film and which also may include a layer of aluminum foil.

Abstract: A protective shield for a pressure vessel which includes a ductile member for absorbing kinetic energy released if the pressure vessel fails by a portion of the pressure vessel breaking-off and tending to fly away from the remainder of the pressure vessel; the ductile member or a portion thereof undergoing substantial deformation, but not breaking, when loaded by the portion of the pressure vessel which tends to fly-away when the pressure vessel fails.

Abstract: An end construction for forming a pinch closure over the opening in an end of a multi-ply, tubular bag, which includes a stepped and angle-cut flap on the portion of each ply on one side of the opening in the end of the bag, and a stepped and angle-cut cut-out in the portion of each ply on the other side of the opening in the end of the bag, the flap on each ply being adapted to fold about a fold line, located inwardly of the opening, to overlap the leading edge of the cut-out in the ply. The pinch closure is formed from the end construction by the steps of folding the flap on each ply about the fold line, over the opening in the end of the bag and over the stepped and angle-cut cut-out in the ply, and adhesively bonding the flap to the underlying portions of the ply in the area of the leading edge of the stepped and angle-cut cut-out in the ply.

Abstract: A two-piece container, for sandwiches and the like, having a paperboard base, which includes a central, polygonal, bottom panel of at least four sides; at least four, upstanding, side wall panels, preferably connected to the sides of the bottom panel; at least four, triangular gusset panels, each gusset panel being located between and foldably connected to two, adjacent, side wall panels; and at least two, downwardly extending, base-locking flaps, foldably connected to the top edges of at least two, non-adjacent, side wall panels; the central, leading edge portions of each base-locking flap being adhesively bonded to the underlying surface of a side wall panel; and each of the gusset panels being folded so that it lies substantially flat against a surface of a side wall and is overlain by a base-locking flap. The top edges of each gusset panel are substantially colinear with the lateralmost, lateral edge portions of an overlying, base-locking flap.

Abstract: Aqueous AlF.sub.3 enriched crystallization mother liquors contaminated with P.sub.2 O.sub.5 values and having less than 5% free acidity are treated with a material which provides bismuth ions in the mother liquor in amounts small enough to insure that the Bi/PO.sub.4 mole ratio remains below about 1.05. Under these conditions, the bismuth and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 react essentially quantitatively to form a BiPO.sub.4 precipitate by which the P.sub.2 O.sub.5 can be separated from the mother liquor. Bismuth can be regenerated from the BiPO.sub.4 and recycled for further use in the process.The invention finds utility in the preparation of AlF.sub.3 by the reaction of an aluminum ore and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 contaminated HF or H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 such as that available as a by-product of wet process phosphoric acid manufacture. The AlF.sub.3 reaction product is recovered by a crystallization step which, because it is normally only about 70 to 90% efficient, produces a mother liquor containing substantial amounts of AlF.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for providing a hermetic, heat-sealed closure for a filled, thermoplastic or thermoplastic coated container by the steps of: providing a continuous web of a thermoplastic material, having a temperature within the drooping and heat-sealing ranges of the thermoplastic material, draped over the mouth of the filled container; urging the web inwardly of the mouth of the container so that the web overlies interior and exterior, thermoplastic surfaces of the mouth of the container; and pressing the web against the interior and exterior, thermoplastic surfaces of the mouth of the container to form a heat-sealed bond, by directing a stream of a gas against an exposed surface of the web overlying a thermoplastic surface of the mouth of the container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for high temperature-high pressure acid leaching of sulfide ores is described. The apparatus includes an autoclave having a plurality of pressurized compartments and a water removing-heat removing condenser. Means are described for the introduction of a neutralizing agent directly into the autoclave in order to maintain the acidity of the slurry at a level where substantially all of the iron present in the slurry will form an insoluble iron oxide precipitate. Means are described for removing the gaseous products resulting from the introduction of the neutralizing agent while avoiding contamination thereby of a substantial portion of the oxygen.

Abstract: A method is described for the oxidation-leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates at high temperatures and pressures for the extraction of copper values as copper sulfate in which temperatures are maintained between about 425.degree. and 450.degree.F, oxygen partial pressures of between about 50 and 200 psi are provided, and levels of acidity are permitted to increase above about 50 grams of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 per liter in order to obtain maximum rates of extraction of virtually all of the copper. Thereafter, while maintaining the temperature and pressure at elevated levels, the acidity of the slurry is reduced to between about 10 and 40 grams of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 per liter in order to obtain reduction of dissolved iron to optimal levels. The resulting slurry is then cooled and further processed for the production of a very pure copper sulfate solution.

Abstract: An aluminum-containing ore such as a kaolin or montmorillonite clay is treated with a fluorine acid such as HF or H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 to produce aluminum fluoride (AlF.sub.3) which is recovered from the liquid phase of the reaction mixture by crystallization as AlF.sub.3 . 3H.sub.2 O crystals which are then dried and dehydrated to yield AlF.sub.3. The crystallization mother liquor is recycled to the process to recover its AlF.sub.3 values. The AlF.sub.3 . 3H.sub.2 O crystals and separated solid phase of the reaction mixture are washed to recover AlF.sub.3 values and the wash streams are recycled to the process. To produce alumina, the AlF.sub.3 is pyrohydrolyzed to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and HF. The HF is absorbed in the crystallization mother liquor and recycled with the mother liquor to the ore treatment step. All or a part of fluorine acid requirements can also be supplied from any suitable source such as, for example, a wet process phosphoric acid facility which is a plentiful source of inexpensive fluorine.

Abstract: A paperboard, bulk bin for heavy, palletized loads of meat and the like, which includes:A side wall that is formed by a plurality of alternating, foldably connected, substantially rectangular, upstanding side panels and corner panels; each of the side panels having a horizontally disposed, substantially rectangular flap, foldably connected to its bottom edge; each of the corner panels having a horizontally disposed, four sided, tapered flap foldably connected to its bottom edge; and each of the tapered flaps and rectangular flaps being foldably connected to a triangular gusset panel, horizontally disposed between them; andA bottom wall that is formed by a substantially flat, horizontally disposed panel insert having a perimeter corresponding to the bottom edges of the side panels and corner panels and overlying the tapered flaps, rectangular flaps and gusset panels;The angle in each gusset panel which is included between the rectangular flaps and the tapered flaps being equal to 180.degree.

Abstract: A multi-ply, inflatable bag, formed from: an inner, inflatable bladder; an outer, protective shell enclosing the bladder; and a valve connected to the bladder and extending outwardly of the bladder and the shell; the valve being located in the eyelet of a rigid grommet; the grommet being secured to the shell about a fold in an edge of the shell, to protect the valve from damage when the bag is crushed; and the grommet also being secured to the shell over a distance, on both sides of the fold and transverse to the fold, which is at least about equal to the distance that the valve extends outwardly of the shell, to protect the valve against damage when the bag is scuffed, rubbed, or struck near the valve.