Abstract: In manufacturing a disc cartridge having a pair of opposing upper and lower shells, and an information recording medium disc accommodated therebetween, first ends of the shells are coupled, second ends of the shells are coupled when first ends of the shells are coupled, and the disc is inserted from the opened second ends of the shells.

Abstract: To prevent lowering of the brightness of a displayed image, realize satisfactory strength against high pressure and reliably form spacers, an image display apparatus incorporates an anode substrate having a structure in which at least an image display portion is formed on a first substrate; a cathode substrate in which at least an electron emission units are formed on a second substrate and which is disposed opposite to the anode substrate; and spacers each of which formed into a substantially rectangular shape and which are stood erect between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate, wherein the two long sides of the spacer are secured to at least either of the anode substrate or the cathode substrate, and tensions are added to the spacers in the lengthwise direction of the spacers.

Abstract: A microcomputer includes an instruction decoder and a program counter. The instruction decoder decodes fetched instructions and outputs a control signal ordering execution of the fetched instruction. The control signal from the instruction decoder includes a component controlling fetch cycles which triggers a fetch cycle at the beginning of each instruction cycle to fetch the operand for the instruction currently being executed and midway through each instruction cycle to fetch the OP code for the next instruction. The program counter is responsive to the triggering of each fetch cycle to increment its counter value so as to keep the counter value consistent with the address being accessed in each fetch cycle.

Abstract: A hologram 48 as optical path branching element has two hologram areas 48b and 48c for diffracting a return light beam into different directions, and a boundary 48a between them is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the direction corresponding to the direction of radius of the optical disc 11. The light diffracted by the one hologram area 48b is received by light-receiving sections A1 and A2 of a photodetector IC 44, and the light diffracted by the other hologram area 48c is received by light-receiving sections A3 and A4. With the above-described structure, a position deviation of an objective lens 27 at the time of access to a desired recording track on an optical disc 11 can be detected by finding the difference between the light quantity of the light received by the light-receiving sections A1 and A2 of the photodetector IC 44 and the light quantity of the light received by the light-receiving sections A3 and A4.

Abstract: A process of crystallizing a semiconductor thin film previously formed on a substrate by irradiating the semiconductor thin film with a laser beam, includes: a preparation step of dividing the surface of the substrate into a plurality of division regions, and shaping a laser beam to adjust an irradiation region of the laser beam such that one of the division regions is collectively irradiated with one shot of the laser beam; a crystallization step of irradiating one of the division regions with the laser beam while optically modulating the intensity of the laser beam such that a cyclic light-and-dark pattern is projected on the irradiation region, and irradiating the same division region by at least one time after shifting the pattern such that the light and dark portions of the pattern after shifting are not overlapped to those of the pattern before shifting; and a scanning step of shifting the irradiation region of the laser beam to the next division region, and repeating the crystallization step for the

Abstract: To provide a thermosensitive transfer film in which a color filter layer and a phosphor layer can be easily formed by a small number of processes and a method of using the film. A thermosensitive transfer film 10 comprising at least a photosensitive phosphor layer 5 of a predetermined color, a color filter layer 4 of the same color, and a photosensitive adhesive layer 3 which are provided on a base film 6.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device of the type comprises an organic layer 5, 5a or 5b, having a luminescent region, which contains a julolidyl-substituted styryl compound represented by the following general formula [I] General Formula [I]: wherein X1 and X2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, R1 to R8 independently represent a lower alkyl group such as a methyl group, and R9 to R12 independently represent an electron attracting group such as a cyano group.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus which can effectively use a storage circuit provided together with a logic circuit, perform high speed processing, and reduce the power consumption without causing a decline in the performance. The image processing system includes a DRAM for storing image data and a logic circuit, which are provided together on a semiconductor chip. The DRAM is divided into a plurality of DRAM modules, and the divided plurality of DRAM modules are arranged around a logic circuit portion for carrying out graphic drawing processing etc. When the ratio of valid data occupying bit lines in one access increases, the distances from the DRAM modules to the logic circuit portion become uniform, the length of the longest path interconnection can be made shorter comparing with the case of arrangement fixed in one direction, and the overall operating speed can be improved.

Abstract: A bottom electrode, a dielectric film and a top electrode are sequentially provided on a substrate portion. The bottom electrode comprises an adhesive layer including IrHf, a precious metal layer including Ir, an oxygen inclusion layer including IrHfO, and a precious metal layer including Ir in sequence on the substrate portion. At the time of forming dielectric film, RTA (Rapid thermal annealing) is performed and thereafter inert gas thermal annealing is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than that in RTA, or reduction thermal annealing, thereby preventing deterioration of characteristics which occurs through hydrogen annealing. Moreover, the precious metal layer is provided between the adhesive layer and the oxygen inclusion layer. Therefore, adhesion of the bottom electrode is secured even though inert gas thermal annealing or reduction thermal annealing is performed in order to prevent deterioration of characteristics.

Abstract: A synchronized FIFO memory circuit includes a random access memory and a FIFO controller having a decreased critical-path length. The synchronized FIFO circuit comprises a first counter for counting a number representing a Read Pointer, a second counter for counting a number representing a Write Pointer, a third counter for holding and managing the number of remaining empty entries in the FIFO memory circuit, and comparison means for comparing the value of the third counter with a constant value. Write Ready, Read Ready, Full, Empty, Almost Full and Almost Empty which are status signals of the FIFO memory circuit are produced at a high speed by comparison carried out by the comparison means without using a subtractor.

Abstract: In a removable disk storage apparatus, a reading/writing head can be stably and reliably moved so as to correspond to an information recording medium. A rotation supporting member for supporting the reading/writing head is formed of a rotary arm and an elastic supporting member fitted to a tip end portion of the rotary arm for supporting the reading/writing head. The rotary arm member is formed by bending it so that it should be dogleg-shaped. The elastic supporting body is fixed on a tip end portion of a bent portion thereof in the extended direction in which the elastic supporting body is bent. The rotary arm is inserted into a disk cartridge substantially straight with its tip end being faced to the disk cartridge, and then supported by a ramp on a center line thereof.

Abstract: An image display correcting apparatus of the invention comprises, broadly, a correction data forming apparatus and an image display apparatus. Correction data for correcting a display state of an image is formed by the correction data forming apparatus on the basis of an image as a reference displayed on the screen of a CRT. Further, on the basis of the correction data, an operation of correcting image data is executed so that an image is accurately displayed on the image display apparatus. The corrected image data is outputted to the CRT. Thus, a defective display state such as image distortion, misconvergence, or the like can be corrected at low cost and a high quality image can be displayed.

Abstract: An automatic transmission including an electric actuator, a shift operating unit, rotation position detecting means, a locating unit for locating a manual shaft, and a controlling unit for driving and controlling the actuator is constructed of an electric current detecting unit for detecting a driving current of the actuator, a shifting position calculating unit for calculating a shifting position of the manual shaft on the basis of detection by the electric current detecting unit of a change in the driving current of the actuator at the time when a detent pin gets over a convex to be fitted in a predetermined concave in shifting, and a rotation position detection learning unit for learning a relation between the shifting position calculated by the shifting position calculating unit and an output value of the rotation position detecting unit.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor laser device includes the steps of: providing a laser chip, in which a semiconductor layer is formed on a substrate, a supporting plate which supports the laser chip, a mounting plate, a first solder film positioned between the laser chip and the mounting plate and a second solder film positioned between the mounting plate and the supporting plate to form a stacked laser chip structure; applying heat to the stacked laser chip structure sufficient to melt the first solder film and the second solder film; and, applying pressure to the stacked laser chip structure during the heating step to cause simultaneous adhering of the laser chip, the mounting plate and the supporting plate to each other.

Abstract: A biaxial actuator for an objective lens of an optical pickup that prevents the occurrence of tangential skew when the objective lens is moved in a focussing direction, and thereby improves optical performance. The actuator includes a lens holder 11 that supports an objective lens 11a, elastic supporting members 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d each having one end fixed to the lens holder and the other end fixed to a fixed part 14. The supporting members support the lens holder movably in a radial direction of a disc-form recording medium D and two directions intersecting orthogonally with this direction. The elastic supporting members are provided such that at least one pair on both sides of the objective lens are lined up in the optical axis direction of the objective lens. The pair of elastic supporting members 13a, 13b have the spacing h1 of their fixing places 45, 46 on the lens holder side so set as to be narrower than the spacing h2 of their fixing places 47, 48 provided on the fixed part side.

Abstract: An ADC having a sparkle suppression capability equivalent to that of a full bit Gray encoding method and preventing criss-crossing of interconnections nor an increase of the pipeline delay, wherein a resistor string for generating reference voltages to be compared with an analog input signal is folded 2n times or a multiple thereof corresponding to the number n of most significant bits of the output bit ADB of the related ADC. It has a first encoder for encoding the most significant n bits and outputting a Gray code, second encoders for encoding least significant bits and outputting the same, a first output circuit for converting the Gray code output from the first encoder to a binary code and generating most significant n bits, and a second output circuit for generating least significant bits by using the digital code generated by the first output circuit and the output of the second encoder.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device which can suppress the occurrence of corner rounding through the resist patterning process to achieve a reduction in cell size and higher integration. A relationship between a channel width DT.W of the drive transistor, a channel length DT.L of the drive transistor, a channel width WT.W of the word transistor and a channel length WT.L of the word transistor is given by: (DT.W/WT.W)/(WT.L/DT.L)<1.2. The channel width DT.W of the drive transistor is equal to the channel width WT.W of the word transistor, to reduce steps in the patterns of p-type active regions. The channel length WT.L of the word transistor is larger than the channel length DT.L of the drive transistor, that is, (WT.L/DT.L)>1.

Abstract: To offer a semiconductor light-emitting device capable of preventing a short circuit failure caused by adhesion of the solder, change of a beam shape, and decrease of a beam output. A semiconductor laser device 1 is manufactured by overlaying a laser tip having a p-side electrode and a n-side electrode in a crystalline substrate and a mounting plate having a first solder film and a second solder film in a supporting body. The laser tip has a level difference A such that the p-side electrode is projected beyond the n-side electrode. The mounting plate has a level difference B such that the first solder film is projected beyond the second solder film. The level difference B of the mounting plate is determined as higher than the level difference A of the laser tip. Therefore, when the mounting plate is overlaid to the laser tip, first, the n-side electrode contacts with the second solder film, and then, the p-side electrode contacts the first solder film.

Abstract: A hybrid type display apparatus capable of maintaining color purity in a case of transmission mode display, and improving lightness of color in a case of reflection mode display is provided. This hybrid type display apparatus is comprised of: a pair of substrates comprising a first substrate on a front side and a second substrate on a rear side, disposed in opposite directions spaced apart from each other; a first electrode provided on an internal surface of the first substrate; a second electrode provided on an internal surface of the second substrate; a color filter provided on the first substrate, aligned with a pixel in a portion between the first electrode and the second electrode spaced apart in the opposite directions from each other; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second substrates; and a reflection layer provided on the second substrate.

Abstract: A headset for wireless communicating with a personal electronic device, such as a wireless phone, provides audio output based on an audio signal from the personal electronic device. A secondary battery in the headset provides power for the headset and is rechargeable from a primary battery in the personal electronic device, thereby allowing the user to recharge the headset in the field. Alternatively two secondary batteries may be provided. One of the secondary batteries can be used to power the headset, while the other is connected to the personal electronic device for recharging from the primary battery. When the battery in the headset becomes depleted, the batteries are exchanged.