Abstract: Fringe image data obtained by use of the phase shift method is Fourier-transformed, so as to determine the carrier frequency and the complex amplitude which occur due to the deviation between the respective wavefronts from the object to be observed and a reference. According to the carrier frequency and the complex amplitude, the amount of translational displacement of phase shift and the amount of inclination are detected, so as to correct the results determined by the phase shift method. Thus, the influences of errors in the amount of inclination/amount of displacement in the phase shift element can be eliminated easily.

Abstract: An ultraviolet light permeable filter for an ultraviolet detection light is equipped on a filter glass surface with a dielectric multi-film layer which allows a visible radiation of wave length from 694 nm to 780 nm to reflect on the layer. The wave length also does not penetrate through the multi-flim layer. This filter prevents a reddish halation occurrence during an inspection display of a flaw detection light, which is the main cause of overlooking a scratch or flaw pattern.

Abstract: In an image stabilizing apparatus in which an actuator for a pivoting gimbal suspension is controlled by a feedback loop, the gain of feedback loop based on the angular position is enhanced when the angular velocity is at a first set value or higher until the angular velocity becomes a second set value or lower, whereby a panning mode is automatically attained when a pan/tilt operation is carried out. Also the gain of feedback loop based on the angular position is enhanced when the angular velocity is enhanced until a lapse of a predetermined time after starting the pivoting control of the gimbal suspension, whereby the behavior of gimbal suspension is stabilized.

Abstract: In an endoscope tip part in which a lens barrel is arranged and fixed to a mounting hole of a support body of the endoscope tip part and to this lens barrel, and an optical member such as an optical filter or a prism is connected by an optical part holding fixture, a part of an endoscope outer peripheral side of the optical part holding fixture is cut off, and to this notch part, the mounting hole is extended out like an extending part, and a step part on an outside of this support member is made deep (diameter is reduced). If an end part of an outer skin is bound with a string on this step part with a small diameter and fixed by adhesives, a swell of an outer skin fixing part is eliminated, and an insertion of the endoscope also becomes easy.

Abstract: A movable lens is provided at the tip of an electroscope, and an optically enlarged image can be observed by moving the movable lens by a motor. A microcomputer measures the entire moving time from a far end to a near end of the movable lens, and the moving time is used as the variable power position information about the movable lens. The variable power position information is displayed by a meter display, etc. on a monitor. Thus, an encoder, etc. is not required.

Abstract: A bright wide-angle infrared lens, suitable for a wavelength band of 8 to 12 &mgr;m, having favorable imaging performances comprises, successively from the object side, a first lens L1 made of a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface directed onto the object side and an image-side surface formed aspheric, a second lens L2 made of a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface directed onto the object side, and a third lens L3 having a positive refracting power with a convex surface directed onto the object side.

Abstract: A portable tooth or nail polisher has a motor connected to a coupler formed in a body. A head member is mounted on the coupler during use. An accommodating space is formed in the body for holding the head when not in use. A head holder for fixing the head member in the accommodating space presses in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and is constructed of a pair of protrusions extending from the body defining the accommodating space. The distance between the protrusions is smaller than the width of the head member.

Abstract: An objective lens for optical recording media is constituted by two or three lenses cemented together and used for recording or reproducing two kinds of optical recording media having respective thicknesses different from each other with two light beams having wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 different from each other. The cemented face exhibits negative and positive refracting powers with respect to light beams having wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2, respectively, according to the wavelength-dependent difference in refractive index of materials constituting the respective lenses.

Abstract: A rotary driving member at the tip end portion is rotated by a motor through a linear transmission member, and the rotation of this rotary driving member is converted into a straight-line motion to thereby enable a movable lens for making the observation distance variable to move within a predetermined range. A motor shaft and the linear transmission member are connected to each other by the shaft connecting member, whereby the linear transmission member is constructed so as to be able to move in an axial direction, and on the outer peripheral portion of the shaft connecting member, a rotating member having a protruded portion is mounted, and the rotation stopper mechanism is constituted by the rotating member and a locking pin portion. Thereby, any kink of the linear transmission member is eliminated to improve the response of driving control, and loads given to the tip end portion driving member and the linear transmission member are reduced.

Abstract: This electronic endoscope apparatus is capable of forming a still image with high image quality by reading out all pixels obtained through an image-pickup device by one exposure and faithfully reproducing the movement concerning moving images. A switch between a pixel mix reading system, which mixes pixels accumulated on the image pickup device having a plurality of color filters arranged in units of pixels between upper and lower horizontal lines to read out from the image-pickup device, and an all-pixel reading system, which reads out signals of all pixels accumulated on the image-pickup device by one exposure uses a light shielding period set by a light shielded. This all-pixel reading system forms a still image, and the other pixel mix reading system forms a moving image.

Abstract: In a zoom lens comprising first to fourth lens groups, the second lens group comprises two meniscus lenses and an achromatic lens. The achromatic lens comprises a cemented lens having a negative refracting power as a whole, and a lens having a positive refracting power with a convex surface directed onto the object side. The cemented lens comprises a meniscus lens or plane-convex lens having a positive refracting power with a concave surface or plane directed onto the object side, and a lens having a negative refracting power.

Abstract: By providing a nitrogen-doped low carrier concentration layer 13 having both of a donor concentration and an acceptor concentration controlled below 1×1016/cm3 at a p-n junction portion between an n-type GaP layer 12 and a p-type GaP layer 14, the luminance of the GaP light emitting device can be improved by as much as 20 to 30% over the conventional one. Suppressing the donor concentration and the acceptor concentration in the low carrier concentration layer 13 below 1×1016/cm3 inevitably gives a carrier concentration, which is expressed as a difference between both concentrations, lower than 1×1016/cm3 accordingly. The emission efficiency upon injection of electrons or holes can be improved by suppressing the concentration of the donor which serves as non-emissive center below 1×1016/cm3 to thereby extend the carrier lifetime; and by concomitantly suppressing the carrier concentration at a level significantly lower than that in the adjacent layers 12 and 14.

Abstract: There is described a data-imprinting optical system for use with a camera which is composed of a single meniscus lens having a positive refracting power and a brightness aperture, which can be applied to a low-cost unsophisticated camera of manual advance type by satisfying predetermined conditional equations, and which enables miniaturization of and space-saving in a camera. Specifically, the data-imprinting optical system includes a single positive meniscus lens and a brightness aperture disposed on the part of a data display member. The positive meniscus lens is a plastic lens having an aspherical concave surface on the part thereof facing the data display member. An image of display information appearing on the data display member is projected on a film surface.

Abstract: An imaging device for an endoscope which can restrain the flicker of a screen caused when converting the television system, and furthermore, which makes it possible to unify processor circuits performing the processing of different systems. Having an NTSC system oscillator and a PAL oscillator with an oscillating frequency of N·fh2, and a switching device for selecting them in a scope equipped with a CCD suitable for the number of scanning lines, for example, of the NTSC system, and it drives the CCD on the basis of a timing signal formed in each of the selected oscillators. That is, when the PAL system is selected, the picture data is taken out from the CCD by a horizontal synchronization signal with a frequency of 15.

Abstract: In quantitative analysis of an element in a specimen in which characteristic X-rays generated from the specimen upon irradiation with an electron beam are detected, absorption current values of the specimen and a reference sample are measured before the final measurement, the value of ratio between thus measured values is determined, and the absorption current value of the specimen measured at the time of final measurement is multiplied by this value of ratio, so as to calculate the irradiation current value thereof, thereby substantially monitoring the irradiation current.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to provide not only a semiconductor wafer obtained by forming a semiconductor thin film with uniform resistivity and substantially no slip dislocation on a main surface of a semiconductor single crystal substrate having a relatively low dopant concentration, as large as 300 mm or more in diameter but also a vapor phase growth apparatus by means of which such a semiconductor wafer can be produced. A dopant gas is supplied into a reaction chamber 10 through all of the inlet ports 18a to 18f disposed in a width direction of the reaction chamber 10 from a common gas pipe 22a functioning as a main dopant gas pipe. Further, the dopant gas is additionally supplied through inner inlet ports 18a and 18b, and middle inlet ports 18c and 18d, as specific gas inlet ports, into the reaction chamber 10 from first and second auxiliary dopant gas pipes 22b and 22c.

Abstract: In an electronic endoscope, and a memory which contains image pickup area information including size and light distribution characteristics are provided, and in a processor device to which this electronic endoscope is connected, a photometric part for measuring the light receiving state by using separated photometric areas, and a microcomputer are provided, and this microcomputer reads the above described image pickup area information on the electronic endoscope side, and sets a photometric areas (EA to EC) whose size is approximately the same corresponding to the size of the image pickup area in the above described photometric part, and in the meantime, gives weightings A to C to each separated area of these photometric areas (EA to EC). Consequently, even in the case where the sizes and the light distribution characteristics of the actual image pickup areas (FA to FC) determined by the objective optical system are changed, it is possible to realize fine photometry and brightness control.

Abstract: In a probe microscope 120 for causing a sample 112 and a tip portion 118a of a probe 118 on the sample side to approach each other, detecting an interaction between the sample 112 and the sample-side probe tip portion 118a, and obtaining surface information of the sample 112 from the interaction, the probe 118 being a flexible needle-like probe; the probe microscope 120 comprises vibrating means 122 capable of rotating the probe 118 while flexing the sample-side tip portion 118a thereof so as to draw a circle having a size corresponding to an increase and decrease in the interaction between the sample surface 112 and the tip portion 118a, and detecting means 124 for detecting the increase and decrease in the size of the circle drawn by the sample-side probe tip portion 118a due to the interaction and obtaining, from the increase and decrease in the size of the circle, information about the distance between the sample 112 and the sample-side probe tip portion 118a.

Abstract: An eyepiece comprises, successively from the eye side, a first lens L1, which is a diffractive optical element with a diffractive optical surface on the object side, made of a biconvex lens having a surface with a greater curvature directed onto the eye side; and a second lens L2, which is a diffractive optical element with a diffractive optical surface on the eye side, made of a meniscus lens with a positive refracting power having a convex surface directed onto the eye side. Both of the diffractive optical elements satisfy the following conditional expression (1): E<0  (1) where E is the coefficient of the quadratic term of the phase difference function.