Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous feedstocks admixed with a flow-through catalyst and hydrogen are hydroprocessed in a hydroprocessing reactor containing a captive hydroprocessing catalyst. The flow-through catalyst is continually withdrawn with the hydroprocessed feed from the hydroprocessing reactor. The flow-through catalyst may be an FCC, hydrocracking, isomerization or ring-opening catalyst. In a preferred embodiment, the captive hydroprocessing catalyst contains Co, Ni and/or Mo on an alumina base and the flow-through catalyst is an FCC zeolitic catalyst which is withdrawn with the hydroprocessed feed from the hydroprocessing reactor and then sent to an FCC unit.

Abstract: Incipient coke formation during hydrocarbon processing operations is detected by monitoring for C.sub.6- -fractions in heated hydrocarbon materials. The amount of C.sub.6- -fraction is an indication of the coke-forming tendency of the hydrocarbon materials.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a napthenic rich feed. The combined feed is then hydrotreated in a first hydrotreating stage to convert at least a portion of sulfur and nitrogen in the feed to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. After stripping the feed is subjected to a second hydrotreating stage to provide a process oil.

Abstract: A method for producing a process oil is provided in which an aromatic extract oil is added to a naphthenic rich feed to provide a blended feed. The blended feed is then extracted with an aromatic extract solvent to yield a raffinate which subsequently is hydrotreated to provide a process oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic cracking process which incorporates a short contact time catalytic cracking step. The short contact time cracking step provides for an overall increase in distillate quality as well as provides for an overall increase in the quantity of light olefins product. After the short contact time reaction step, gasoline and high quality distillate products are separated from a gas oil containing bottoms fraction, and the gas oil containing bottoms fraction is reprocessed.

Abstract: A method for lowering the viscosity and specific gravity of a heavy hydrocarbon to render it pipelineable is disclosed. The method comprises adding a vanadium and nickel containing coke fly ash to the heavy hydrocarbon; reacting the heavy hydrocarbon in the presence of the fly ash with a molecular hydrogen containing gas under hydroconversion conditions for a time sufficient to lower the viscosity of the hydrocarbon in the range of about 20 to 60 centipoise at 40.degree. C. and to lower the specific gravity in the range of from about 0.925 to about 0.940 at 15.degree. C., whereby the heavy hydrocarbon is rendered pipelineable.

Abstract: A means and method for spraying liquid and gas onto and across a particulate bed includes a horizontal liquid distribution tray disposed over the bed containing a plurality of gas and liquid spray distributors extending through the tray. The distributors include separate gas and liquid conduits or pipes having an entrance on top and an exit below, with the exits proximate each other underneath the tray. The conduits are coaxial with a portion of the gas conduit surrounded by the liquid conduit to define an annular space between them for the liquid to flow downwardly through. The gas flows down through the gas conduit, exiting as a gas core surrounded by the downflowing liquid. The gas expands and contacts the surrounding liquid to spray it on the matter below. A liquid spray generating device is located below the gas and liquid exit. Siphon caps automatically provide pulse flow of the liquid.

Abstract: A trickle valve useful for removing solids from the bottom of a cyclone separator dipleg includes a valve seat and a reverse angle, integrally counter-weighted flapper plate pivotally mounted on the valve and closed against the valve seat which opens to release particulate solids built up in said dipleg before the solids build to a level greater than their angle of internal friction, thereby clogging the dipleg. The valve seat is at an angle of less than 90.degree. to the horizontal (i.e., 60.degree.) and the counterweight is flush mounted on the plate by welding as an integral part of the plate so that the plate can easily open to 90.degree.. This is useful with cyclones in catalytic crackers and particularly with secondary cyclones in which the fluidized solids loading is relatively light.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having improved fuel economy and fuel economy retention property which comprises a lubricating oil basestock, a boron containing alkenyl succinimide, molybdenum, di-thiocarbamate and/or molybdenum dithiophosphate, calcium and magnesium salicylate, and ethylene copolymer.

Abstract: A method for reducing fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine comprises operating said engine on a fuel composition comprising a major amount of fuel and a minor amount of an additive comprising an ester of a polyhydric polyether having ether oxygens and free and esterified hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric polyether backbone. One such ester additive is decaglycerol tetraoleate, which is an ester of decaglycerol and oleic acid containing an average of four adducted oleic acid units and 10-12 free hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having improved fuel economy, wear resistance and antioxidancy properties which comprise a lubricating oil basestock, an oil-soluble copper salt, an oil-soluble molybdenum salt, a Group II metal salicylate and a borated polyalkenyl succinimide.

Abstract: A profile of the emulsion pad, the oil continuous and the water continuous phases present in a coalescer, such as a crude oil dehydrater or desalter, which contains sample withdrawing means such as trycocks or a swing arm sampler for withdrawing liquid samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit, is readily obtained by withdrawing samples from a plurality of known vertical positions inside the unit and passing the samples to a receiver outside the unit which contains means for measuring an electrical property determinative of the type of phase being measured and its water content. The measured electrical property may be the energy absorption of the sample, such as RF energy absorption.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid catalytic cracking apparatus. The apparatus includes means for decreasing and increasing the slip velocity of a hydrocarbon reaction stream to further enhance catalytic cracking of the hydrocarbon within the reaction stream. The apparatus allows for control of residence time within both a riser and a collection and velocity reducing means to provide for more complete cracking of the hydrocarbon without leading to additional coking of the catalytic cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A grease composition comprises an effective amount of a lubricating oil containing an imide or pyrrolidone thickening agent or an imide or pyrrolidone thickening agent comprising a metal salt of a carboxylic acid in combination with a bimetal phthalate complexing agent, such as dilithium terephthalate. The presence of the complexing agent results in a grease having properties superior to that of a similar grease without the complexing agent. Preferred complexing agents are dimetal terephthalates in which the metal is an alkali or alkaline earth metal and is the same metal as is present in the thickener. An example is a combination of a calcium or lithium salt of the reaction product of trimellitic anhydride with a hydrogenated rapeseed amine and a dilithium terephthalate complexing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid catalytic cracking process in which the catalytic cracking reaction takes place in a dilute phase, and the reaction product contains a reduced volume of off gas having a low concentration of SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x. The use of off gas, which is produced during a regeneration step, to strip entrained vapor from spent catalytic cracking catalyst acts to reduce SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x byproducts, and eliminates the need to separately recover and treat the off gas stream from the regenerator portion of the system. The entire process, including the reaction step, the stripping step and the regeneration step, can be performed in a single vessel, and the stripping and reaction steps take place entirely in the dilute phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanism device for preventing gas channeling between the sidewall and a heat exchange tube bundle located in the convection section of a horizontal tube fired heater while permitting in-situ repair of the sidewall refractory. The invention comprises a plurality of serially elongated plate members pivotably mounted on a tube and sized longitudinally to extend at a predetermined distance from the tube to the sidewall of the convection section of the heater, the number of plate members being sufficient to extend for substantially the length of the tube.

Abstract: An alkylation process which utilizes a solid alkylation catalyst is disclosed. The catalyst, which has carbonaceous material adsorbed thereto, is regenerated by reacting the adsorbed carbonaceous material. The reaction step is accomplished by heating the catalyst in the presence of ozone to form an ozonated hydrocarbon, wherein the ozonated hydrocarbon includes carbonyl carbons. The ozonated hydrocarbon is removed by desorbing the carbonyl carbons from the solid alkylation catalyst. The carbonaceous material is preferably reacted at a temperature ranging from about 20.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. The ozone is preferably in a gaseous stream at a concentration ranging from about 1 to 50 volume percent. The carbonyl components are preferably desorbed from the heated alkylation catalyst by sweeping the catalyst with a desorption fluid.

Abstract: An alkane-containing feedstream is passed through one or more tubes, which may contain alkane-dehydrogenation catalyst, immersed in a bed of fluidized particles. The bed is at an elevated temperature which maintains the temperature within the tube(s) at an alkane-dehydrogenation temperature. The particles may be inert, chemically active and/or catalytically active. In one embodiment, cracking catalyst particles are circulated between a reaction zone wherein they contact a cracker feedstock which is converted to cracked hydrocarbon products and a regenerator (22) wherein carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst particles are exothermically removed by contact with an oxygen-containing gas (24). Hot regenerated particles from the regenerator (22) are recirculated (27) to the reaction zone for re-use therein.

Abstract: A process for deoiling wastes is disclosed. The process is integrated with a refinery and utilizes a refinery intermediary hydrocarbon stream as a solvent to recover waste oil for reprocessing in the refinery and to produce waste solids, which are either reused or disposed for landtreatment.

Abstract: A process for removing elemental sulfur from fluids such as refined petroleum products transported through pipelines for the transportation of sour hydrocarbon streams. The fluids are contacted with an aqueous solution containing caustic, an aliphatic mercaptan and optionally a sulfide to produce an aqueous layer containing metal polysulfides and a clear fluid layer having a reduced elemental sulfur level.