Abstract: A pneumatic deicer and a method for making such deicer having a plurality of inflatable tubes which are capable of being distended by inflation to break up the accumulation of ice. The tubes are constructed with a nonflowing elastomeric compound leaving a passageway therein after vulcanization of the deicer by external heat.

Abstract: The invention relates to porous post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resins which contain or have incorporated therein a salt of phosphoric acid resulting in a substantial improvement in the thermal stability thereof during subsequent processing. The phosphate salt is added to the porous post chlorinated polymer from an aqueous solution thereof which optionally contains a surfactant, which wets the polymer particles and allows the penetration thereof by the solution. Post chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is the most preferred polymer or resin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymerization initiator or catalyst and an emulsifier or emulsifier system to form a vinyl resin latex, which is then subjected to an ultrafiltration step by forcing the same through a semipermeable membrane leaving behind the polymer particles and reusing the permeate, which contains dissolved monomer(s) and emulsifier, in the further production of vinyl resin latices. Unexpectedly, further use of the permeate substantially reduces polymer buildup in the reactor and since the ultrafiltration step increases the polymer particle concentration in the latex, considerable heat energy is saved in the spray-drying step.

Abstract: The invention relates to porous post-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resins which contain or have incorporated therein a salt of phosphoric acid resulting in a substantial improvement in the thermal stability thereof during subsequent processing. The phosphate salt is added to the porous post chlorinated polymer from an aqueous solution thereof which optionally contains a surfactant, which wets the polymer particles and allows the penetration thereof by the solution. Post chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is the most preferred polymer or resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to obtaining weather-ability or U.V. light stability in vinyl polymeric translucent and transparent materials, which are designed for use in corrugated roofing, films for greenhouses, and the like. It has been found that by making a composite vinyl polymeric material where the main material or substrate is a transparent or translucent vinyl polymer and capping or coating it with a very thin film of a plasticized vinyl polymer containing a high level of a clear U.V. light absorber or stabilizer, such as, for example 1-cyano-2,2-diphenyl ethylacrylate, excellent weatherability is obtained. The important feature is the concentration of the clear U.V. stabilizer at the surface of the composite material which also results in the use of less U.V. stabilizer.

Abstract: This invention relates to making dense, spherical particles of vinyl plastisol resins by means of a suspension polymerization procedure. The dense, spherical particles or beads have a diameter of about 10 to about 100 microns and are made in an aqueous medium containing a free-radical yielding polymerization catalyst and in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, as a suspending agent, and a surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) less than about 3.5. The suspension vinyl resins so produced are easily and uniformly mixed with a plasticizer to form low viscosity plastisols which are stable, containing particles of uniform and proper size and capable of producing films, and like products, of good clarity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto an aqueous coating composition containing the reaction product of a thiodiphenol, or a derivative thereof, with a bleaching agent or material, such as, for example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group, and mixtures thereof, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially reduced. Multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer(s) to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for drying a polymer latex comprising mixing with said latex a partially fugitive gas producing electrolyte and filtering said latex to recover the polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of vinyl dispersion or paste resins by means of the emulsion polymerization process and the recovery of the resins from the polymer latices produced thereby. In the process, the polymer latex is first carefully coagulated to yield a fast filtering sludge, the sludge is passed to a pressure filter to separate a high solids, friable polymer wetcake from the serum, the wetcake is rinsed with proper agents to neutralize the same and remove undesirable residues, pressure in the filter is applied to the rinsed wetcake to increase the solids content thereof, the wetcake is then broken into particles and friable agglomerates, and thereafter said particles and agglomerates are dried and ground to proper size in one step in a fluid energy mill. Thus the spray drying and the subsequent harsh grinding steps are eliminated producing a superior product for plastisols.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing vinyl dispersion resins by means of the emulsion polymerization technique. The vinyl monomer or monomers are reacted in an aqueous medium using a water-insoluble free radical yielding catalyst, an emulsifier or emulsifier system and a small amount of water-insoluble plasticizer whereby the amount of emulsifier(s) necessary is greatly reduced. All the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed and homogenized prior to polymerization at a temperature of about 30.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. The paste resins so produced have improved properties, such as foam properties, and polymer buildup in the reactor is reduced.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous alkaline medium, using an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, at low temperatures, in the presence of an emulsifier and, optionally, at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and in the presence of an electrolyte, such as for example, ammonium carbonate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2 CO.sub.3), and wherein the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed, or homogenized, prior to polymerization. The aqueous emulsion of the polymer(s) so produced are capable of being dried into friable aggregates of individual spheres of polymer particles. The dried resin can easily be formulated into plastisols of high North Fineness and high gloss. In addition, polymer buildup in the reactor is reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for polymerizing vinyl monomers by the emulsion polymerization technique using a new emulsifier system to produce latices or paste resins which have improved plastisol bloom properties and with little or no polymer buildup in the reactor. The polymerization process is conducted in an aqueous medium using a free radical producing polymerization catalyst in the presence of an emulsifier system comprising a sulfonated type soap selected from sulfonated phthalates and sulfonated benzoates.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous medium using a low water solubility free radical yielding polymerization initiator or catalyst along with an inorganic or organic activator, using a fast reaction at the beginning of polymerization by employing a temperature below the desired temperature, then at the desired temperature and finally above the desired temperature, using an emulsifier system of an ammonium or an alkali metal salt of a high fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and/or a sulfate or sulfonate type soap, and at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and conducting said polymerization in a reactor having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof comprising a polymerization inhibitor, the ingredients being thoroughly mixed prior to polymerization. Polymer buildup on the internal surfaces of the reactor is substantially reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing elastomeric particles, such as those of natural and synthetic powdered and crumb rubbers and to the compositions prepared in accordance with such process. Specifically, the invention comprises encapsulating the elastomeric particles with a coating or film of a preplasticized vinyl resin, such as, for example, polymers and copolymers of vinyl and vinylidene halides and the like. The resultant composite particles are free-flowing and free of irreversible agglomeration and can be used in dry-blending with other materials prior to being formed into useful articles.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of a polymerization reactor by applying a polymer buildup resistant coating to the inner surfaces thereof, the method or process of applying said coating being the subject of this invention. An approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces of the reactor results from applying thereto an aqueous or organic solvent solution of the coating material by means of a hydrocarbon gas, such as propane, for example. The coating material is an organic compound or polymer which is capable of resisting polymer buildup thereon. As examples of such coating materials, there may be named the polyaromatic amines, self-condensed polyhydric phenols, tannic acid and tannates, various dyes, such as nigrosine, and the like, etc. When using hydrocarbon gas to apply the coating material, the same reaches the inner reactor surfaces in the form of a mist.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of a polymerization reactor by applying a polymer buildup resistant coating to the inner surfaces thereof, the method or process of applying said coating being the subject of this invention. An approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces of the reactor results from applying thereto an aqueous or organic solvent solution of the coating material by means of vinyl chloride in vapor form. The coating material is an organic compound or polymer which is capable of resisting polymer buildup thereon. As examples of such coating materials, there may be named the polyaromatic amines, self-condensed polyhydric phenols, tannic acid and tannates, various dyes, such as nigrosine, and the like, etc. When using vinyl chloride to apply the coating material, the same reaches the inner reactor surfaces in the form of a mist.

Abstract: A process is provided for making reinforced rubbery sport and play balls by rotational casting, in a mold lined with a nonwoven fabric, a liquid polymer composition containing an epoxy resin, a liquid carboxyl-terminated polymer, an amine, a dihydric compound, and a plasticizer. The sections of nonwoven fabric in the mold are preshrunk and sealed together by means of an amine-terminated liquid polymer. The resultant sport and play balls have good dimensional stability and the desired flex and tear properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. The coating on said surfaces may be a singular layer or a dual layer coating. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction in a medium wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the second or later stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The principal coating, or undercoating when a dual layer coating is employed, comprises a protein, such as egg albumen, and when a top coating is used it comprises a water-soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of a polymerization reaction vessel by applying a coating to the inner surfaces thereof. An approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces of the reactor results from applying thereto an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic polymer-inhibitor complex, for example, such as a complex of polyvinyl alcohol and the disodium salt of bisphenol A. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of coating the internal surface of a polymerization reactor in order to substantially eliminate the buildup of polymer on said surfaces during the polymerization process. There is applied to the surfaces a coating composition containing a straight chain or branched polyaromatic amine dissolved in an aqueous acid solution and thereafter the coated surfaces are flushed or rinsed with water without drying the same.