Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved quiescent polymerization process which produces spherical beads of polymer having excellent porosity and unusually high bulk density. The process comprises polymerizing discrete droplets of liquid monomer containing a monomer-soluble free radical type catalyst while suspended in an aqueous mucilage having plastic flow properties and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant having the proper Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), such as, for example, sorbitan monooleate. The porous bead polymers have the advantage of providing for lower cost bulk shipping, better extrusion feed, and for easy monomer stripping.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing the reaction product of (1) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric phenol, or (2) the condensation product of two or more polyhydric phenols, or (3) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric naphthol, with a bleaching material, such as, for example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group, and mixtures thereof, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially reduced. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer(s) to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, the reaction product or oligomers of (1) an alkyl or halogen substituted phenol, such as p-chlorophenol and the like, (2) a condensing agent, such as formaldehyde, and the like, and (3) a polyhydric phenol, such as resorcinol, and the like, dissolved in water or an aqueous alkaline solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers, having at least one terminal ##STR1## and mixtures thereof, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer(s) to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stereo reticulated lace-like structure formed from a mixture of polymeric materials, which structure is formed by extruding a film of the polymeric mixture and simultaneously imparting a cellular or reticulate structure to said film by means of a blowing agent. The resultant stereo reticulated structure has the appearance of overlapping layers of fibers or fibrils with small interstices therebetween even though the structure is formed from a continuous film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous alkaline medium, using an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, at temperatures preferably below about 48.degree. C., in the presence of an emulsifier system comprising the ammonium salt of a high fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one long straight chain alcohol containing from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and a sulfate or sulfonate type soap of C.sub.12 to C.sub.20 alkyl or aryl hydrocarbons, wherein the ratio of alcohol to emulsifier is equal to or greater than 1.0 and wherein the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed, and preferably homogenized, prior to polymerization. The process produces paste resins having improved plastisol foam properties, especially when sodium metabisulfite is added to the polymer recipe or the polymer slurry prior to spray drying.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers or resins by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a dual layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the polymerization reaction in two stages, in the first or initial stage of which the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase, and in the second or latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase due to the addition of sufficient water to the reactor to form said phase. The dual layer coating comprises an undercoating or primary coating of a tannin or tannate such as tannic acid or ammonium tannate, said coating being applied from an aqueous solution thereof, and a top coating comprised of a water-soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or an alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether, said top coating being applied from an aqueous solution thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers or resins by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a dual layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the polymerization reaction in two stages, in the first or initial stage of which the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase, and in the second or latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase due to the addition of sufficient water to the reactor to form said phase.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved method of making chlorinated derivatives of ethylene wherein chlorine-containing by-products are burned in a catalytic combustion reactor to produce primarily a hydrogen halide which is recycled to the chlorinated derivative reaction and the heat of combustion from said reactor is utilized to preheat the materials used in said chlorinated derivative reaction. The catalyst employed is one containing 0.01% to 0.50% of platinum or palladium on 99.99% to 99.50% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 or a combination of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 as a support and having a surface area of at least 50 square meters per gram. The catalytic combustion reaction is carried out at temperatures in the range of about 300.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. to produce a mixture of gases containing essentially hydrogen chloride and being substantially free of elemental chlorine and chlorohydrocarbon compounds, said gases being then mixed with ethylene and reacted to form ethylene dichloride (EDC).

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having an approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces thereof which is obtained by applying thereto an aqueous coating solution containing a tannin, such as, for example, tannic acid. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, in such a coated reaction vessel, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces thereof is substantially eliminated. Multiple charges of polymer can be made in said coated vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a two layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The coatings comprise an undercoating of an alkali soluble dye dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or an ammonium hydroxide solution. The top coating is comprised of a water soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkylhydroxy alkyl cellulose ether. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The coating is comprised of a water-soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether. By means of the present inventive process, polymer buildup on the internal surfaces of the reactor are reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing vinyl polymers by an inversion polymerization technique in the presence of a two layer coating on the internal surfaces of the polymerization reactor. By inversion polymerization is meant conducting the initial stage of the polymerization reaction wherein the monomer or monomers being polymerized constitute the continuous phase and in the latter stage of polymerization, water constitutes the continuous phase. The coatings comprise an undercoating of a polyaromatic amine, or like material, and the top coating is comprised of a water-soluble suspending agent, such as an alkyl or alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose ether. By means of the present inventive process, polymer buildup on the internal surfaces of the reactor are substantially reduced.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having an approximate monolayer coating on the inner surfaces thereof which is obtained by applying thereto an aqueous coating solution containing a tannin, such as, for example, tannic acid. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping, in such a coated reaction vessel, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces thereof is substantially eliminated. Multiple charges of polymer can be made in said coated vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to reduction of polymer buildup during the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, either alone or with other olefinically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith. There is employed a particular combination of ingredients in the polymerization recipe, the essential features being the use of a water phase inhibitor and an oil phase inhibitor along with a substantially water-insoluble polymerization initiator and operating at a high pH. A multiplicity of charges may be polymerized in the reactor without opening the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reactionvessel having an approximate monolayer coating on the inner surface thereof resulting from applying thereto an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide coating solution containing a straight chain or branched polyaromatic amine and a dispersant operable in aqueous media, such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, (1) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric phenol, or (2) the condensation product of two or more polyhydric phenols, or (3) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric naphthol, dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing vinyl dispersion resins by conducting the polymerization reaction of the vinyl monomer or monomers in an aqueous alkaline medium, using an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, at temperatures preferably below about 48.degree. C., in the presence of an emulsifier system comprising the ammonium salt of a high fatty acid containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one long chain alcohol containing from 14 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein the ratio of alcohol to emulsifier is equal to or greater than 1.0 and wherein the reaction ingredients are thoroughly mixed, and preferably homogenized, prior to polymerization. The process produces paste resins having improved heat stability and flow properties and capable of producing films having high clarity and improved water resistance. More importantly, polymer build-up in the reactor is substantially reduced and multiple polymerizations can be run in the reactor without opening the same.

Abstract: In the bulk or suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride and copolymerization of vinyl chloride with vinylidene monomers containing a terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH< group, increased heat stability is obtained in the polymers by conducting the polymerization at low temperatures in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF).

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, an alkali soluble dye dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or an ammonium hydroxide solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 =C< grouping, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stereo reticulated lace-like structure formed from a mixture of polymeric materials, which structure is formed by extruding a film of the polymeric mixture and simultaneously imparting a cellular or reticulate structure to said film by means of a blowing agent. The resultant stereo reticulated structure has the appearance of overlapping layers of fibers or fibrils with small interstices therebetween even though the structure is formed from a continuous film.