Abstract: Disclosed are polyaminoalkenyl or alkyl succinimides which have been modified by treatment with a compound of the formula: ##STR1## R.sub.4 is an alkylene group of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkylene group of from 2 to 3 carbon atoms substituted with from 1 to 3 alkyl groups of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms each. The modified polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides of this invention have been found to possess dispersancy and detergency in lubricating oils. These modified succinimides are also useful as dispersants and detergents in fuels.

Abstract: A metal is electrodeposited in a continuous cyclic electrolytic/carbon oxidation process wherein ferrous ion is oxidized at the anode and a metal is deposited at the cathode of an electrolytic cell. The ferric ions produced at the anode are thereafter reduced to ferrous ions by contact with a solid carbonaceous material and the ferrous ions are recycled for electrochemical reoxidation.

Abstract: A two-stage process for preparing a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 olefin tetramer using nickel-containing HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is disclosed. The tetramer so formed may be used to make high quality middle distillates such as jet fuel or as a petrochemical feed for making detergents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are additives which are useful as dispersants and detergents in lubricating oils and fuels.

Abstract: An improved cyclic steam injection process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation. The process includes the use of alpha-olefin sulfonate dimer surfactants in the steam to form a foam-steam drive medium which is injected into the formation through an injection well to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons from said well when it is in a production well mode of operation.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced in a continuous cyclic electrolytic/carbon oxidation process wherein ferrous ion is oxidized at the anode and hydrogen is generated at the cathode of an electrolytic cell. The ferric ions produced at the anode are thereafter reduced to ferrous ions by contact with a solid carbonaceous material and the ferrous ions recycled for electrochemical reoxidation.

Abstract: An exploration method is disclosed for mapping subsurface migration of crude petroleum by measuring electron spin resonance signals from materials within samples of the subsurface formations and identifying the samples that contain petroleum crude by detecting enhancement and/or suppression of the electron resonance signals due to the addition of a chemical material. Electron spin resonance signals from crude oil are enhanced by the presence of iodine and suppressed by the presence of ferric chloride.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating hydrocarbon feedstocks using shaped catalysts is disclosed. When the catalyst is used for diffusion limited reactions, and particularly when it is used for demetalation, shaped catalysts give longer catalyst lifetimes. Preferred shaped include oval and elliptical shapes, with and without bumps.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is independently halogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, nitro, the group R.sup.1 --S(O).sub.m -- wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and m is 0, 1 or 2, amino, or trifluoromethyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R is alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms; lower alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms; or lower alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, all optionally substituted with 1 to 3 of the same or different halogen atoms, or aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or substituted aryl substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkylthio of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, oxidized alkylthio, nitro, cyano, or halogen are fungicidal.

Abstract: Additives for internal combustion engines are provided which in fuels maintain cleanliness of intake system without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbylopoly(oxyalkylene) polyamine ethanes comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded to an ethane or branched ethane chain in turn bonded to a nitrogen atom of a polyamine having from 2 to 12 amine nitrogens and from 2 to 40 carbon atoms with a carbon:nitrogen ratio between 1:1 and 10:1.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substitutents independently selected from halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, nitro, cyano, lower carbalkoxy or amino optionally substituted with 1 or 2 lower alkyl groups; and Y is hydroxy; halogen; --OCH.sub.2 R.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, or lower alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 halogen atoms, or phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy, cyano or lower carbalkoxy; ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, lower alkoxy, or nitro, are active as fungicides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, substituted aryl substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkylthio of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, nitro, cyano or S(O).sub.n R.sup.4 wherein n is 1 or 2 and R.sup.4 is lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; lower alkylamino of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; the group ##STR2## where R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or substituted aryl; or alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, lower cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, lower alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or alkylthioalkyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, all optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sup.

Abstract: A fuel composition is disclosed containing 30 to 10,000 ppm of an additive comprising quaternized polyoxyalkylene amine salts of molecular weight 500 to about 2500, the polyoxyalkylene moiety comprising 1 to 30 oxyalkylene units, the units having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the amine comprising 1 to 12 amine nitrogen atoms and 2 to 40 carbon atoms and having a connecting moiety linking the polyoxyalkylene moiety to the amine moiety. Also disclosed are lubricating oil compositions containing the additive, concentrates of this additive and the composition of the additive itself.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of Co.sup.III to Co.sup.II in an aqueous ammoniacal solution in the presence of a porous cathode is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. More particularly, disclosed is a catalytic process for the conversion of methane to C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons, particularly hydrocarbons rich in ethylene or benzene, or both. The process utilizes a metal-containing catalyst, high reaction temperature of greater than 1000.degree. C., and a high gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3200 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: A punch tool is disclosed for puncturing the walls of heat exchanger tubes when they become worn in order that the tubes may be repaired. Said tool comprises a hardened, longitudinally drilled, steel rod that is able to fit within the heat exchanger tube. A piston with a cutting bit is fit within a milled slot that communicates with the longitudinally drilled hole of the hardened rod. Once the tool is inserted into a tube to be repaired hydraulic pressure is applied and the piston is forced outward thereby puncturing the tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of gaseous hydrogen chloride and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide from brine, utilizing an electrolytic cell containing a hydroxyl ion producing cathode and a gaseous hydrogen chloride producing hydrogen-consuming gas anode. Brine is fed to the anolyte compartment of the cell while alkali metal hydroxide is removed from the catholyte compartment of the cell, and gaseous hydrogen chloride is removed from the gaseous side of the hydrogen-consuming gas anode.

Abstract: A ruggedized grated optical fiber is described. The gratings in the fiber permit its use as a reflector or an interferometer when pairs of gratings having the same reflectance characteristics are spaced along the optical fiber. The ruggedized fiber comprises an optical fiber having the outer cladding removed down to an inner sheathing wherein a portion of the inner sheathing is further removed to expose the core wherein evanescent waves are encountered. The gratings are formed in this core. Surrounding the gratings and connected to the inner sheathing are two semi-tubular sections which are affixed to the inner sheathing and hermetically sealed around the gratings.

Abstract: A continuous cyclic electrolytic/carbon oxidation process wherein ferrous ion is oxidized at the anode and hydrogen is generated at the cathode of an electrolytic cell. The ferric ions produced at the anode are thereafter reduced to ferrous ions by contact with a solid carbonaceous material and the ferrous ions recycled for electrochemical reoxidation. The process produces partially oxidized organic products from the combustion process in high yield.

Abstract: A crystalline, silicaceous composition is prepared from bicyclic ammonium compounds.