Abstract: This low profile key switch structure provides a substantial reduction in the height or thickness of a key switch as compared to conventional and other low profile switches. Substantial height reduction in key switch structures allows the size and thickness of notebook-type personal computers and the like to be similarly reduced. One feature of this low profile key switch structure is that unlike in conventional key switch structures the membrane switch and frame structures do not over lap to cause unnecessary height in the structure. Another feature of this key switch structure is that the frames are formed to include the free motion range limiters. The frames are further formed so that they may be embedded in the reinforcing base plate in such a manner that allows the height of the key switch to be further reduced. This low profile key switch structure is also designed to eliminate unwanted key top movement that often occurs in conventional and other switches when the key top is depressed.

Abstract: A power converter having a transformer with a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, each having a switch. When the primary master switch is switched on, the transformer charges. When it is switched off, the intrinsic capacitance of the secondary slave switch discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition for the secondary slave switch. The secondary slave switch is switched on at a time determined in accordance with the waveform generated by the transformer. When the secondary slave switch is switched on, the transformer discharges and ultimately the charge from an output capacitor flows into the transformer as a backflow which charges the transformer. The secondary slave switch is switched off at a time determined in accordance with a current flowing through said secondary switch. The intrinsic capacitance of primary master switch discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition for primary master switch which is then switched on.

Abstract: A large-capacity WLL base station 7 as a wireless local loop base station is wirelessly linked to a PHS radio station 10 of about 10 channels which accepts the connection thereto of various PHS terminals 12 and a fixed subscriber's terminal 11 which can accommodate a plurality of fixed telephone sets 13, by use of a PHS band different from that of the PHS terminal 12. The fixed subscriber's terminal 11 and the PHS radio station 10 are located within one communication area of the large-capacity WLL base station 7. Thereby, it is provided a radio communication system which provides efficient construction of wireless communications facilities by locating subscribers of a wireless local loop and a base station for microcell-basis, portable communication terminals within a communication area.

Abstract: A battery module is provided by coating selected sides of a battery cell having a rectangular shape with a prescribed resin material. The resin material is selected from among polyamide resin, polyurethane resin. Module side surfaces are provided with slopes having the slope angle of 5° or more in the thickness direction. A positioning structure is provided for establishing the prescribed positioning between the battery module and its counterpart unit such as a cellular phone having a hollow space. A plurality of slopes are formed along side walls of the hollow space to provide complementary shapes to the sloped module side surfaces. When the battery module is installed in the hollow space, the module side surfaces slide along and come in close contact with the slopes of the side walls of the hollow space.

Abstract: The difference of luminance between a front surface side and a rear surface side as viewed from the front surface side is reduced in a multi-layered EL lamp. An EL lamp includes a first laminate formed by serially laminating a first transparent electrode, a first luminescent layer and a first insulating layer, a second laminate formed by serially laminating a second transparent electrode, a second luminescent layer and a second insulating layer on the first laminate, and a rear electrode formed on the second laminate, wherein a dielectric constant between the first and second transparent electrodes is set to a value smaller than a dielectric constant between the second transparent electrode and the rear electrode.

Abstract: Impeller blades and a method for designing impeller blades wherein the blades comprise a plurality of specially designed airfoil sections, each section having along substantially the entire length thereof, a cross-sectional shape characterized by a maximum thickness located substantially constantly between about 16% chord to about 23% chord and a maximum camber located substantially constantly between about 40% chord to about 51% chord. The blades are designed so that the axial width of the blades is decreased while maintaining performance parameters and design constraints.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an economical printer which is simple in structure and uses a common tray but is capable of adapting itself to various recording media of different shapes. Adapters in which recording media can be firmly held can be selectively mounted in the tray. An adapter 24 has an oval opening 24a in which a recording medium 30 can be placed. The contour of the adapter 24 can fit into a recessed portion 23a formed in the tray 23. The recording medium 30 is firmly held in the adapter 24. When the adapter 24 is mounted in the recessed portion 23a in the tray 23, a keyway 23b and a protrusion 24b engaging the keyway 23b prevent the adapter 24 from shifting out of position; the adapter is held in the tray 23. Prints can be made in accurate positions on the recording medium 30.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a brushless DC motor controls at least one of a number of possible operation features of the motor. The drive circuit includes a driver stage for providing a current for a stator coil and varies which of the number of possible operation features of the motor are controlled. The operation features of the motor include inrush current limit control, PWM speed control, analog speed control, detecting a locked rotor condition, setting an alarm following detection of the locked rotor condition, restarting the motor following the locked rotor condition, detecting a low speed condition, and setting an alarm following detection of the low speed condition. Some of the operation features of the motor utilize at least one parameter that defines the desired operation of the feature. The drive circuit further varies the parameters of the operation features without changing the physical configuration of the brushless DC motor.

Abstract: A power converter having a transformer with a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, each having a switch. When the primary master switch is switched on, the transformer charges. When it is switched off, the intrinsic capacitance of the secondary slave switch discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition for the secondary slave switch. The secondary slave switch is switched on at a time determined in accordance with the waveform generated by the transformer. When the secondary slave switch is switched on, the transformer discharges and ultimately the charge from an output capacitor flows into the transformer as a backflow which charges the transformer. The secondary slave switch is switched off at a time determined in accordance with a current flowing through said secondary switch. The intrinsic capacitance of primary master switch discharges generating the zero voltage switching condition for primary master switch which is then switched on.

Abstract: An eyeglass assembly having a lens frame; a temple piece; an electrical insert projecting from either the lens frame or the temple piece; and a receiver provided in or on the other of the lens frame or temple piece. The electrical insert is removably insertable into the receiver for both releasably attaching the temple piece to the lens frame and for establishing an electrical connection therebetween.

Abstract: A method for assuring that samples are always available for transmission when a modern is implemented as a process executing in the memory of a host computer. The modem process converts, digital information into transmit data samples. In the absence of digital information, the modem process converts fill data into fill data samples. The transmit data samples and fill data samples are stored in a segmented buffer for transmission to a remote modem. If additional transmit data samples become available and the buffer contains fill data samples which have not been transmitted to the remote modem, the modem process replaces the fill data samples in the buffer with the additional transmit data samples. The method helps assure that samples are always available for transmission, and simultaneously reduces the time delay or latency between when data enter the modem and when the data are subsequently transmitted.

Abstract: A counter-rotating axial flow fan for cooling electronic components comprising two or more impellers with narrow chord blades. At least one impeller rotates in a first direction and at least one impeller rotates in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The blades of the impellers are configured so as to cause air to flow in the same axial direction. The air flow generated by this counter-rotating fan is substantially greater than the air flow of an otherwise identical co-rotating fan.

Abstract: An antenna adapted for satellite communication. A plurality of planer radiating elements are disposed under a ground conductor of a microstrip planar antenna, and the ground conductor is coupled with the respective radiating elements through electrically coupling means. Further, a plurality of linear radiating elements are coupled with the ground conductor and electrically connected to a sperrtopf applied to a coaxial line which acts as a feeder line. As an antenna used for satellite communication, it is possible to improve the gain at a low elevation angle in a wide angle circular polarization antenna.

Abstract: A service chip for use with a computer. The chip includes a CPU interface, a transceiver interface, an adaptive echo cancellation filter, a monitor, and first and second data synthesizers. The CPU interface receives a transmit sample sequence from a modem sample generator executing on a central processor of the computer, and presents a receive sample sequence to a modem sample receiver executing on the central processor. The transceiver interface presents data to a line interface, which includes digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters for converting samples to/from analog signals for transmission on a telephone line. The filter adapts in response to an echo correlation between data transmitted over a transmit channel of the modem and data received on a receive channel of the transceiver interface. The monitor monitors the transmit sample sequence for a data starvation condition.

Abstract: To restrain cycle-to-cycle jitter in a clock generator subjected to EMI a 2nd order PLL having a loop filter including a first capacitor and a first resistor, is provided where a reduction in a comparison frequency is avoided by using a clock modulating circuit. The clock modulation circuit is controlled by an intermediary signal provided by dividing an oscillation signal of a voltage controlled oscillator. The output of the clock modulation circuit is used to recurrently control a divider for dividing the output of the voltage controlled oscillator. Generation of high frequency noise is minimized by using a 1st order &Dgr;&Sgr; modulator(21) in the clock modulation circuit. The system behaves like a 3rd order PLL due to the presence of a second capacitor having a capacitance value of about {fraction (1/10)} or more than that of the first capacitor. The second capacitor is placed in parallel with the loop filter to restrain the cycle-to-cycle jitter by effectively removing the high frequency noise.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit adapted for a piezoelectric oscillator which has a weak oscillation output for generating high frequencies is provided. The speed of operation of the oscillator circuit is increased. An integrated circuit for such an oscillator circuit is also provided. The oscillator circuit has an amplifier portion consisting of CMOS inverters connected in cascade. MOS transistors forming the CMOS inverters have channel widths that decrease successively from the first stage to the last stage to improve the amplification factor of the amplifier portion at high frequencies. This makes it possible to amplify weak oscillation output from the quartz oscillator (XL). A filter circuit produces a peak of negative resistance at a frequency higher than conventional. This permit oscillation operation at higher frequencies.

Abstract: A method and computer for executing the method. A CPU is programmed to execute first and second processes, the first process programmed to generate a second representation in a computer memory of information of the second process stored in the memory in a first representation. A main memory divided into pages for management by a virtual memory manager that uses a table stored in the memory.

Abstract: A drive circuit capable of adjusting a capacitive load operation, for example, respective brightness of an electroluminescence (EL) element. The drive circuit is a constant current drive system and causes a plurality of capacitive loads, for example, EL elements, to emit light. This is done by setting a coil drive signal applied to the gate of a transistor Tr1. The transistor generates a surge pulse by intermittently connecting a direct current power source to a coil L1 of a step-up circuit 1. The coil drive signal is set to a frequency in accordance with an EL element as a capacitive load driven alone or a combination of EL elements simultaneously driven. Power generated by the step-up circuit 1 can be selected, brightness of a driven EL element E1 or E2 can individually be set or brightness of the EL elements E1 and E2 simultaneously driven can be set.