Abstract: Disclosed are improved solid, colored wax-based article having longer color shelf-life. The invention comprises a synthetic wax, a colorant, and an effective amount of a compound of the formula (1) having symbols defined in the text. The preferred embodiments of the articles contain (1) that exhibits a UV absorptivity greater than or equal to 70 liters per gram-cm. at a wavelength of less than or equal to 400 nm, as measured in either methanol, toluene or chloroform, using a conventional UV spectrophotometer. The uses for the articles include candles, crayons, fertilizer coatings, rosebush coatings, plant grafting, sealants, sun-cracking protection of rubber and plastic products, paper coating, packaging food products, electrical insulation, waterproofing and cleaning compounds, carbon paper, and precision investment casting.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) in which Q1 and Q2 are each OH or form a trimeric boric anhydride, Z is CHO, CH2Y, X or a protected aldehyde group, and X is CN, COOH, COCl, CONH2 or C(OR)3, and Y is OH or NH2, and Z is in the o-, m- or p-position to the boronic acid radical, are prepared by a) reacting a compound of the formula (II)  with Mg in the presence of an anthracene compound and, if desired, a transition-metal halide and, if desired, an Mg halide or in the presence of a transition-metal halide and, if desired, an Mg halide, to give the corresponding arylmagnesium chloride, b) reacting the latter with a borate of the formula B(OR′)3 and hydrolyzing the product, with removal of the aldehyde protecting group, c) and, if desired, oxidizing or reducing the free aldehyde group.

Abstract: A process for preparing diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments comprises conducting the elementary steps of pigment synthesis (reaction and hydrolysis) in a miniaturized continuous reactor.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4-substituted 2-alkylbiphenyls and 2-alkoxybiphenyls of the formula (I),

Abstract: A water-soluble resin composition comprising (1) a water-soluble resin, (2) a water-soluble crosslinking agent, (3) at least one of surface active agents selected from acetylene alcohols, acetylene glycols, polyethoxylates of acetylene alcohols and polyethoxylates of acetylene glycols, and (4) a solvent consisting of water or a mixture of water and a water-soluble solvent. This water-soluble resin composition is applied onto a resist pattern, then heated to crosslink by an acid supplied from the resist, followed by development to remove the non-crosslinked water-soluble resin coating layer. This water-soluble resin composition is excellent in coating characteristics on steps of resist patterns and in dimensional regulation upon fining of patterns so that resist patterns such as trench patterns and hole patterns can effectively be fined.

Abstract: Process for the yellowing-inhibiting finishing of textile, indigo-dyed, washed and/or stonewashed and/or bleached denim articles, characterized in that the finishing is carried out from aqueous medium with protonated fatty acid ester-aminoamides and/or hydroxyaminoamides of N-(&bgr;-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, in which the fatty acid radicals each contain from 12 to 22 carbon atoms and which have been protonated with at least 1.5 equivalents of ortho-phosphoric acid per equivalent of basic amino groups.

Abstract: An additive for inhibiting the formation of gas hydrates in connection with hydrocarbon production and transportation comprising the water-soluble polymers comprising structural elements of the formula wherein each R is independently H or C1-C5-alkyl; X is H, an alkaline or earth alkaline metal or a quaternary ammonium group; R1 is H or C1-C18-alkyl; and R2 is C1-C18-alkyl; and wherein the alkyl groups represented by R1 and R2 optionally carry a hydroxy or amino substituent; and, optionally, a minor proportion of structural elements of the formula  wherein R, R1, R2 and X may have the meaning as above, and Alk is a C1-C5-alkylene chain.

Abstract: This invention relates to monoalkyl phosphoric esters, dialkyl phosphoric esters, and, in small amounts, trialkyl phosphoric esters or salts thereof, which are preferably based on &bgr;-branched fatty alcohols, particularly Guerbet alcohol, which are effective in lowering the surface tension of both polar and also nonpolar liquids, and which have high stability, even at elevated temperatures, and low sensitivity to electrolytes and acids. The invention further relates to the use of such mixtures as emulsifiers in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, and to the resulting products.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane, polyacrylic and polybutadiene foams can be obtained with cyclopentane as a blowing agent and are useful as coatings for leather or leather substitutes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid to paste machine dishwashing detergent which, in addition to customary machine dishwashing detergent ingredients, comprises a crystalline, layered silicate of the formula aA2O.bBO.cC2O3.dD2O5.eSiO2.fH2O, in which A is an alkali metal and/or hydrogen, B is an alkaline earth metal, C is an element from the third main group of the Periodic Table, and D is an element from the fifth main group of the Periodic Table, and the following also apply: 0≦a≦1; 0≦b≦0.5; 0≦c/e≦0.05; 0≦d/e≦0.25; 1.9≦e≦4; 0≦f≦20. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of this machine dishwashing detergent and to its use.

Abstract: A process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing at least one sulfur dye; providing at least one reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye and sulfur dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent. Further, it has been surprising to find that these reduction stable direct dyes can be processed without a sulfur dye present. This results in a process for dyeing a fibrous substrate which comprises the steps of: providing a fibrous substrate; providing a reduction stable direct dye; and applying said reduction stable direct dye to said fibrous substrate in the presence of a suitable reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for separating hydrogen chloride from a mixture including an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride by distilling the mixture including an N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone and hydrogen chloride at from 100 to 220° C. and from 50 to 850 hPa in the presence of water in a distillation column, condensing the water as water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope at the top by cooling, returning the water-hydrogen chloride azeotrope to the distillation column, separating off gaseous hydrogen chloride at the top and taking off the N-(C1-C18)-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone from the bottom.

Abstract: The invention provides an explosive composition consisting of A) an oxygen-donating constituent, which forms a disperse phase, B) an organic constituent, which forms a dispersion phase, and C) at least one emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier includes a copolymer comprising, in random or regular order, structural units derived from maleic anhydride and from one or more olefins having more than 40 carbon atoms, where the structural units derived from maleic anhydride have been modified by reaction with alcohols, aminoalcohols, ammonia or amines.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a coating composition with which it is possible to make coated paper that is excellent in various properties such as glossiness, water resistance, solvent resistance, heat resistance, thermal blocking resistance and ink penetration and that can readily be recycled. This object of the invention can be attained by a coating composition comprising a hydrosol emulsion and colloidal silica, wherein the hydrosol emulsion is obtained by neutralizing, with an alkali, a synthetic resin emulsion prepared by dispersing, in water, particles of a synthetic resin having carboxyl group and an alkoxysilyl group.

Abstract: A product corresponding to formula (I) or its ketonic tautomer form (II) which is 3-(1-hydroxy-pentylidene)-5-nitro-3H-benzofuran-2-one, a process for the preparation and use of the product corresponding to formula (I) or its tautomeric form (II), a process for the preparation and use, particularly for the production of synthesis intermediates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of perfluorocarboxylic acids of the formula RF—COOH, salts thereof and esters thereof from perfluoroalkyl iodides of the formula RF′—I, in which RF and RF′ are cyclic, branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated perfluoroalkyl radicals, by activating the perfluoroalkyl iodides in the presence of oxygen and in organic solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of terpolymers of ethylene and at least 2 further olefinically unsaturated compounds by polymerization in a tubular reactor fitted with at least one side branch, wherein the fresh monomer components, which are introduced into the tubular reactor via the reactor inlet (the primary stream) or via the side branch or side branches (secondary stream or secondary streams), in each of the streams contain ethylene and at most one further olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synergistic flame retardant combination for thermoplastic polymers which comprises as component A a salt of 1-hydroxydihydrophosphole oxides of the formula (Ia) or formula (Ib) and/or 1-hydroxyphospholane oxides of the formula (II) and as component B a nitrogen compound of the formula (III) to (VIII) or a mixture of the compounds designated by the formulae in which the substituents are as defined in the description.

Abstract: The additive described essentially comprises a selected alkoxylated fatty amine or fatty amine derivative and a special metal salt compound, preferably a metal soap. This additive for heavy oils effects a good emulsification or dispersion of asphaltenes and other higher-molecular weight compounds and, in addition, inter alia, increased storage stability, improved pumpability due to decreased viscosity of the oil and longer service lives of the filter systems. In addition, it also effects enhanced combustion of the heavy oils. The effective amount of additive in these oils is 2 to 2000 ppm. The oils described are suitable, in particular, as furnace fuel for industrial plants and power stations and as engine fuel for marine engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pigment preparation comprising an organic pigment and 0.2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the pigment preparation, of an ammonium polyphosphate or of an organophosphorus compound.