Abstract: A laser doping process comprising: irradiating a laser beam operated in a pulsed mode to a single crystal semiconductor substrate of a first conductive type in an atmosphere of an impurity gas which imparts the semiconductor substrate a conductive type opposite to said first conductive type and incorporating the impurity contained in said impurity gas into the surface of said semiconductor substrate, thereby modifying the type and/or the intensity of the conductive type thereof. Provides devices having a channel length of 0.5 .mu.m or less and impurity regions 0.1 .mu.m or less in depth.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for depositing a film as desired on the surface of a substrate yet at a low temperature, said process comprising introducing a product gas into a film deposition chamber having provided therein a substrate being mounted on a support, and depositing a film on the surface of said substrate by activating said product gas inside said film deposition chamber while applying ultrasonic oscillation to said substrate.

Abstract: A plurality of first electrodes are sequentially arranged on a substrate and covered with a non-single-crystal semiconductor laminate member. On the semiconductor laminate member are formed second electrodes respectively corresponding to the first electrodes. Each first electrode and each second electrode and the region of the semiconductor laminate member sandwiched therebetween constitute one semiconductor photoelectric transducer. The transducer is connected to another transducer adjacent thereto so that the second electrode of the latter is connected to the first electrode of the former through a contact portion extending thereto from the second electrode of the latter into a contact groove cut in the semiconductor laminate member. In this case, the contact groove and the contact portion are not exposed in the side walls of the semiconductor laminate member. The side walls of the first and/or second electrode are retained inside the side walls of the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising a pair of substrates at least one of them is light-transmitting, electrodes being provided on said substrates, and an electro-optical modulating layer being supported by said pair of substrates, provided that said electro-optical modulating layer comprises an anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal material or a smectic liquid crystal material which exhibits anti-ferroelectricity, and a transparent material.

Abstract: A preloader for a webbing retractor, having a safety device which can be selectively switched to one of an operative state in which a sensor, which detects the state of rapid deceleration of a vehicle, is brought to a non-detecting state, and an operation-released state in which the sensor is brought to a detecting state. The safety device, when in the operative state, interferes with a vehicle component to be mounted after installation of the webbing retractor to a vehicle body and prevents the vehicle component from being mounted to the vehicle body and allows, when in the operation-released state, the mounting of the vehicle component to the vehicle body. Accordingly, an operator can easily determine whether the safety device is in the operative state or in the operation-released state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reinforcement device for reinforcing the open slots of a carbon brake disk. According to the invention, each slot is provided both with a U-shaped insert whose two lateral limbs are disposed to face the lateral faces of the corresponding coupling bar, and with two channel-section caps that extend towards each other so as to surround the two lateral limbs of the insert completely, each cap having a free end edge that occupies a plane that is parallel to the corresponding inside face and that, on initial assembly, stands slightly projecting relative to said face, thereby enabling said free end edge to be brought exactly into the plane of said inside face after the brake has been used during a running-in period.

Abstract: In a traction control system for a vehicle, the rate of slip of the driving wheels is calculated on the basis of the rotational speed of the driving wheels and the vehicle speed and the output power of the engine is controlled with a control gain so that the rate of slip of the driving wheels converges on a predetermined target value when the rate of slip of the driving wheels exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The control gain of the engine control for reducing the output power of the engine is set larger when the vehicle is making a turn than when the vehicle is running straight.

Abstract: Containers and a method for forming such containers having larger brims with reduced brim curl defects is disclosed including providing a plurality of container blanks for forming containers, forming a plurality of container shells from the plurality of blanks, accumulating the plurality of container shells at an accumulation station, subjecting at least an upper periphery of the shells to a humid atmosphere to precondition the shells with the atmosphere preferably including steam, successively removing the shells from the accumulator and subsequently forming a brim curl about an upper periphery of the shell with the shells being subject to the humid atmosphere for a predetermined time period sufficient to form defect-free brim curls by extending the forming strain limits of the paperboard material. This method being carried out by using an accumulator for accumulating the container shells for further processing.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin film transistor having a crystalline silicon layer as an active layer comprises the steps of disposing a solution containing a catalyst for promoting a crystallization of silicon in contact with an amorphous silicon film, crystallizing the amorphous silicon at a relatively low temperature and then improving the crystallinity by irradiating the film with a laser light. The concentration of the catalyst in the crystallized silicon film can be controlled by controlling the concentration of the catalyst in the solution.

Abstract: A hay baler or bale compressor capable of producing aerated bales of hay which can be effectively stored and shipped. Specifically, the baler includes a packer mechanism which operates to retrieve and compress individual capsules of hay and a plunger or piston that compresses the individual precompressed capsules into a large bale while simultaneously cutting and removing portions of the capsules. The plunger includes at least one tubular cutter which extends through the plunger and projects a desired distance from the face of the plunger. In operation, each time the plunger compresses the plunger load, plugs of hay are cut from capsules making up the load and passed through the tubular cutter to the throat of the baler. If a plurality of holes are formed, proper spacing of the holes allows the hay to breathe and, thus, permits shipment of large and small bales of hay without fear of premature spoiling or fire.