Abstract: An improved zero crossing detector utilizes a voltage comparator having two inputs and an output. An amplifier supplies the electrical signal to one input and an inverting amplifier supplies the inverse of this signal to the other input of the voltage comparator. The voltage comparator changes its state when the relative polarities of its two inputs change.

Abstract: The collimator assembly comprises a collimator shielding block for blocking undesired X-rays and an insert piece inserted into the shielding block. The insert piece, which is made of a material of high atomic number, has an inner conical surface which defines the X-ray cone transmitting the insert piece and therefore the maximum field size which can be obtained for medical treatment. In order to supply different maximum field sizes, there are provided means for easily interchanging the insert in the collimator shielding block with another insert having a different interior conical dimension. By using inserts of different cone angles, which can easily be inserted into the shielding block, for instance by means of a screw thread from below the shielding block, morbid tissues of different sizes can be treated while the surrounding healthy tissue is fully protected.

Abstract: The energy interlock system contains a measuring device, a discriminator and a switch. The measuring device determines the level of the particle beam pulses which are emitted by the accelerator. For this purpose it contains a target which is exposed to the particle beam pulses. The discriminator determines whether the level of the particle pulses has crossed a predetermined value. The switch is operated by the discriminator. It is connected for supervision of the accelerator.

Abstract: A modular telecommunication system comprises a plurality of switching blocks connected in parallel by interconnecting lines. Each of the switching blocks includes a multiplicity of line terminators each adapted to be connected to a data terminal. In each switching block there are provided (1) a central processing system for establishing communication links associated with a respective call, (2) a communications controller for controlling local data exchange between pairs of line terminators connected thereto across real channels, (3) a virtual channel controller for controlling remote data exchange across virtual channels to different switching blocks and (4) interface units arranged between the virtual channel controller and a respective one of the interconnecting lines.

Abstract: A device for testing a digital electronic circuit, having a first BILBO for generating a pseudo-random test pattern, a second BILBO for analyzing a parallel-input signature, a decoder and at least one status indicator for indicating the status of a circuit under test.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for synchronizing a subordinate system, in particular a digital subscriber station, by a superordinate system, in particular a digital exchange, in a PCM time-multiplex telecommunication network. The circuit arrangement operates to evaluate only those synchronization bit combinations which lie at the beginning of a message signal block, thereby avoiding initiation of a re-synchronization during transmission of a block.

Abstract: There is disclosed an input sensor unit for a fingerprint verification system. A sensor plate facing a fingerbed is composed of a transparent polymer which is elastic so as to form a latent topographic relief of a finger pattern. A sensing light beam is coupled into the sensor plate through one edge surface. An output light beam emitted through a planar surface of the sensor plate at the opposite side of the fingerbed is directed onto the light sensitive area of an electro-optical sensing array. In the optical path of the output light beam there is arranged an optical lens for focusing the output light beam onto the light sensitive area and an optical filter for masking out the direct light of the output light beam.

Abstract: A modular telecommunication system comprises a plurality of switching blocks and a plurality of inter-connecting lines for interconnecting the switching blocks. Each of the switching blocks includes a multiplicity of line terminators each adapted to be connected to a respective data terminal. A communications controller is provided in each switching block for controlling local data exchange between pairs of line terminators connected thereto across real channels. A virtual channel controller is connected to the communications controller and controls remote data exchange across interconnecting lines via virtual channels between a locally associated data terminal and a data terminal associated with a different switching block. A central processing system is connected to the virtual channel controller and controls setting up switching operations within both the virtual channel controller and the communications controller.

Abstract: The fingerprint transducer contains a sensing member having a sensing surface for receiving a fingerprint, a device for generating an electrostatic charge on the sensing surface and a heating device for heating the sensing surface up to a temperature which is approximately the softening temperature of the sensing member. The method for enhancing fingerprints comprises the steps of generating the fingerprint on the sensing surface, electrostatically charging the sensing surface, heating the sensing surface up to the softening temperature, and thereafter cooling down the sensing member.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement monitors operating conditions of a group of direct current devices. The operating conditions are represented by different potentials occurring at a sampling connector of each direct current device. A first and a second selector unit, each having parallel signal inputs, are arranged symmetrically with respect to commonly connected outputs. Signal inputs of the first selector are connected to corresponding sampling connectors of the DC devices. A control unit for generating a control signal train has an output which is commonly connected to control inputs of both selector units. Commonly grounded filter capacitors are connected to the signal inputs of the second selector unit. A comparator is connected by a first input to a reference voltage source and by a second input to the outputs of both selector units. At the output of the comparator there is delivered a rated output signal evaluating the potential at the presently selected sampling connector with respect to said reference voltage.

Abstract: An R-2R-ladder network has n chained ladder cells, each controlled by an associated one of n control circuits wherein n corresponds to the number of digits of a digital signal to be converted. Each cell is composed of a series transistor inserted between two neighboring nodes of the ladder network and of a first, a second and a third cross transistor. The cross transistors are commonly connected by one main electrode to form a star circuit. The first, second and third cross transistors are connected by a second main electrode to the node of the cell, to a sum current output line and to ground, respectively. The gates of the series transistor and of the first cross transistor are directly connected to a reference voltage source whereas the gates of the second and the third cross transistor of each ladder cell are connected to a respective one of two signal outputs of the associated control circuit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the four-wire type transmission of digital message signals between a superordinate system, such as a digital exchange, and a subordinate system, such as a digital subscriber station, along a two-wire transmission line. A regenerator is inserted at a given point in the transmission line which switches the message signal blocks repeatedly and alternately transmitted between the superordinate system and the subordinate system onto a four-wire line within the regenerator. The message signal blocks transmitted from the subordinate system to the superordinate system are separately delayed within the regenerator by a delay time period sufficient to avoid overlap with the time periods during which the message signal blocks transmitted by the superordinate system are received at the regenerator.

Abstract: A drinking spout cover for a liquid container comprises a plastic cover or lid having a peripheral edge which protrudes downwardly and is designed to engage the lip on a container and an upwardly protruding liquid spout at the edge portion of the cover. The drinking spout cover includes a hollow shaped portion extending upwardly from the cover and having a separate spout affixed thereto along a perforated edge. A small thumb tab may also be provided on the spout cover so that it may be readily pulled backwardly tearing the cover along the perforations to expose the spout opening for drinking purposes. The cover facilitates drinking from a container with a minimum of spillage particularly when the consumer is moving or in an automobile.

Abstract: An electrical component which includes a circuit element such as a solid electrolytic capacitor arranged within a metallic casing or can. One electrical lead of the component is connected to the casing; the other lead is connected to the circuit element and extends through an opening in the casing. This opening is filled with a first plastic material to seal the circuit element within the casing against environmental conditions. A conformable coating of a second plastic material is disposed over the outer surface of the casing and extends over the edges of the casing into the opening so as to join with the first plastic material disposed in the opening.

Abstract: A modular telecommunication system comprises a plurality of switching blocks and a plurality of inter-connecting lines for interconnecting the switching blocks. Each of the switching blocks includes a multiplicity of line terminators each adapted to be connected to a respective data terminal. A communications controller is provided in each switching block for controlling local data exchange between pairs of line terminators connected thereto across real channels. A virtual channel controller is connected to the communications controller and controls remote data exchange across virtual channels to different switching blocks. Interface units are arranged between the virtual channel controller and a respective one of the inter-connecting lines for providing remote data exchange between data terminals each associated with a different switching block.

Abstract: A modular telecommunication system comprises switching blocks interconnected by bus-oriented interconnecting lines. Each switching block includes line terminators each adapted to be connected to a respective data terminal and control means for controlling local data exchange between line terminators directly connected thereto and remote data exchange from local line terminators to a data terminal associated with a different switching block. The interconnecting lines include a plurality of individually controlled interlink buses, which are coupled to each switching block by a separate interlink-bus interface unit and a short distance transmission line. Data transfer across an interlink bus is performed under control of an interlink-bus controller associated with each bus, by scanning the interlink-bus interface units. Data characters are transmitted in time-multiplex mode together with address information of the receiving switching block for selecting the receiving interlink-bus interface unit.

Abstract: A gating device which may be used with an image recording apparatus in connection with patient monitoring. The device gates a blanking bar with a recording of analogue signals on the picture screen of an oscilloscope.

Abstract: In order to provide the possibility of interchange of roles of leading and led exchange pulse train generators, an exchange pulse train (T") of the led generator is synchronized in phase with that (T') of a leading generator. Each generator derives its exchange pulse train (T', T") from a respective intermediate pulse train (H', H") by means of a frequency reduction arrangement (BKP, U). Comparison in the led generator (UGN, BKN, UGV, BKV, BKVv) of the exchange pulse trains detects a relative phase lead or lag greater than a given threshold value of the same order as the intermediate pulse train period and, in order to maintain in-phase synchronism, shortens or lengthens (BKR), as appropriate, a half period signal portion of the exchange pulse train by an intermediate pulse train period. The intermediate pulse generator is servo-synchronized by means of a master pulse train derived in a frequency adjuster from a received standard pulse train.

Abstract: The particle accelerator contains an accelerator guide for accelerating particles, an injector for injecting particles into the accelerator guide, a pulsed source of high frequency power which has power adjusting means, a device for introducing the high frequency power from the source into the accelerator guide, a measuring device for measuring particle pulses emitted from the accelerator guide, and a power control circuit connected to the power adjusting means. The power control circuit includes a circuit for supplying an adjusting signal in dependence on the deviation of each particle pulse from an optimum pulse form and a connecting circuitry for connecting the adjusting signal to the power adjusting means. By changing the high frequency power of the source, the form of the measured particle pulses is adjusted towards the optimum pulse form.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement monitors operating conditions of consecutively sampled direct current devices. The operating conditions are represented by different potentials occurring at a sampling connector of each different direct current device. A selector unit has parallel signal inputs, each of which inputs is connected to a respective sampling point of a DC device. A comparator is coupled by a first input to a reference voltage source and by a second input to the output of the selector unit. An output of the comparator is connected to a shift register buffering the output signals of the comparator for one monitoring cycle. The selector unit and the shift register are commonly controlled for synchronous selecting operation and shifting, respectively. There is arranged a feedback network between the output of the shift register and the first input of the comparator for superposing a positive feedback signal on the reference voltage.