Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for avoiding the clumping of fibers having diameters and lengths in certain ranges during dry blending of such fibers into a dry matrix material. The process comprises distributing fibers in a vaporous medium, and transporting fluidized fibers to a mixing zone containing a dry matrix material. Concurrently with stirring and blending of the dry matrix material with fluidized fibers, the fluidized fibers having been separated at least partially from a fluidized vapor are gradually introduced into the mixing zone. This process avoids the phenomena of "balling" that otherwise occurs with certain fibers.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of apparatus is provided for catalytically cracking liquid hydrocarbons to form gaseous and liquid fuel products and effect regeneration of the used catalyst particles whereby means are provided which improve separation of formed suspensions in a substantially reduced time frame and combustion of substantial hydrocarbonaceous deposits is accomplished under restricted temperature conditions contributing to catalyst life in a two stage catalyst regeneration operation of restricted elevation. The apparatus combination of the present invention is preferably of low vertical profile by restricting the vertical length of the riser contact zone in one embodiment by providing a substantial horizontal section thereof in a downstream portion of the riser.

Abstract: Preparation of satisfactory asphaltic roofing fluxes from otherwise unsatisfactory fluxes is disclosed to involve addition of asphaltenes, and saturates in quantities which satisfy certain specified conditions. Air oxidation of a flux is shown to be surprisingly accelerated by the addition of highly branched saturates, especially in the presence of a carbonate oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for a non-plugging gas distribution system supplying fluidizing gas to a fluid bed undergoing cooling.

Abstract: Apparatus is described for a non-plugging gas distribution system supplying fluidizing gas to a fluid bed undergoing cooling.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst, a method for its preparation, and a process for its use in the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable liquid hydrocarbon products from carbo-metallic oils contaminated with heavy metals and coke precursors. The catalyst is prepared from a shapable composition containing reticulated carbon black particles which are subsequently removed by burning, as in a catalyst regenerator, to provide large feeder pores in a shaped catalyst structure. The catalyst and process conditions for its use facilitate conversion of the contaminated oils to lighter products at catalytic sites within the catalyst structure which may contain zeolitic materials.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the method of regenerating the fluidizable, catalytic, particulate solids in the regenerator section of an FCC process, and RCC process or a metals removal system or "ART" type process. It is directed to the use of a conduit means for charging fluidizing gaseous material to a vertical cylindrical vessel for cooling fluidizable particulate solids flowing through said vertical cylindrical vessel, which conduit means comprises a horizontal header means having suspended therefrom a plurality of vertical and horizontally spaced apart conduits, each conduit having near its open end a restriction orifice. The header means is located near the top of the cylindrical cooling vessel. One portion of the vertical conduits has lower ends located in the upper half of the vessel and a second portion of the vertical conduits has lower ends located in a lower half of the vessel.

Abstract: A three stage catalytic cracking process capable of converting high molecular weight hydrocarbons containing catalyst poisons into products of lower molecular weight by cascading catalyst from a fluid catalytic cracking unit to a reduced crude conversion unit to a metals removal unit is disclosed. Efficiencies in conversion operations are made possible.

Abstract: A catalyst nominally containing zeolite, clay and silica-alumina gel. The zeolite is preferably partially exchanged with high La/Ce ratio solution in a wetting step. The catayst and processes for its manufacture and use are disclosed. The catalyst is excellent for processing heavy oils, generally produces higher LCO/slurry oil ratio and has high metals tolerance.

Abstract: A catalyst nominally containing zeolite, clay and silica-alumina gel is disclosed. The zeolite is preferably partially exchanged with high La/Ce ratio solution in a wetting step. The catalyst and processes for its manufacture and use are disclosed. The catalyst is excellent for processing heavy oils, generally produces higher LCO/slurry oil ratio and has high metals tolerance.

Abstract: An H-Coal Process hydrogenation operation and catalyst life is substantially improved when using colloidal particles of catalyst comprising a colloidal matrix of silica, alumina, titania and combinations thereof coated with hydrogenating components selected from cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and combinations thereof. The colloidal catalyst activity may be altered by alkaline promoters, other metals and acidic promoters.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F.+ material which is characterized by containing material which will not boil below about 1025.degree. F., a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 2, and a nickel plus vanadium content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises adding an additive to the feedstock consisting of a compound containing titanium, zirconium, or aluminum so as to restore cracking activity of high metal contaminated and deactivated, zeolite containing catalysts, resulting from processing of these carbo-metallic oils.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of a hydrocarbon oil feed having a significant content of vanadium to provide a higher grade of oil products by contacting the feed under treatment conditions in a treatment zone with sorbent material containing a metal additive to immobilize vanadium compounds. Treatment conditions are such that coke and vanadium are deposited on the sorbent in the treatment zone. Coked sorbent is regenerated in the presence of an oxygen containing gas at a temperature sufficient to remove the coke, and regenerated sorbent is recycled to the treatment zone for contact with fresh feed. The metal additive is present on the sorbent in an amount sufficient to immobilize the vanadium compounds in the presence of oxygen containing gas at the sorbent regeneration temperature. A sorbent composition disclosed comprises a kaolin clay containing the metal additive, which may be introduced into the clay during the treatment process or during sorbent manufacture.

Abstract: A catalyst which is a hollow microsphere comprising an outer shell in which there are feeder pores and an active ingredient arranged within the shell. The microsphere has a diameter ranging from 20 to 120 microns and the shell has a thickness ranging from 0.1 to 20.0 microns. The active ingredient fills 1.0% to 100% of the void space within the microsphere.

Abstract: Preparation of satisfactory asphaltic roofing fluxes from otherwise unsatisfactory fluxes is disclosed to involve addition of asphaltenes, and saturates in quantities which satisfy certain specified conditions. Air oxidation of a flux is shown to be surprisingly accelerated by the addition of highly branched saturates, especially in the presence of a carbonate oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst, a method for its preparation, and a process for its use in the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable liquid hydrocarbon products from carbo-metallic oils contaminated with heavy metals and coke precursors. The catalyst is prepared from a shapable composition containing reticulated carbon black particles which are subsequently removed by burning, as in a catalyst regenerator, to provide large feeder pores in a shaped catalyst structure. The catalyst and process conditions for its use facilitate conversion of the contaminated oils to lighter products at catalytic sites within the catalyst structure which may contain zeolitic materials.

Abstract: A solid sorbent particulate, its method of preparation and use is disclosed for the treatment of a residual hydrocarbon oil feed, etc. comprising metal contaminants and high carbon forming constituents with a high pore volume solid sorbent material of at least 0.4 cc/g in a visbreaking zone in which operation the effectiveness of the high pore volume sorbent material is further improved by a metal additive to immobilize low melting point vanadium compounds. The sorbent pore volume, sorbent to oil ratio and operating conditions are such that the volume of sorbent pores filled with oil feed is limited to the range of 1/4 to 2/3 and along with carbonaceous material and metal contaminants are encouraged to deposit within the pores rather than on the exterior surface of the solid sorbent in a hydrothermal visbreaking operation in the absence of added molecular hydrogen.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of a hydrocarbon oil feed having a significant content of metals to lighter oil products by contacting the feed under conversion conditions in a conversion zone with a catalyst containing a sacrificial trap material sufficient to immobilize Ni-V-Na compounds. Conversion conditions are such that carbonaceous material and metals are deposited on the catalyst in the conversion zone. The catalyst is regenerated in the presence of an oxygen containing gas at a temperature sufficient to remove the carbonaceous deposits, and regenerated catalyst is recycled to the conversion zone for a contact with fresh feed. The sacrificial trap material is present on the catalyst in an amount sufficient to substantially immobilize the metal compounds in the presence of oxygen containing gas at the catalyst regeneration temperature.

Abstract: A catalyst nominally containing zeolite, preferably HY zeolite and/or ultrastable HY zeolite, clay, alumina and an acidic silica-alumina co-gel matrix. The zeolite is preferably partially exchanged with high La/Ce ratio solution in a wetting step, and rare earths are precipitated onto the matrix. The catalyst has high metals tolerance and is capable of cracking heavy reduced crude oils, producing higher LCO/slurry oil ratio.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of high boiling oil feeds having a significant level of Conradson carbon components and metals to form lighter oil products by contacting the feed under catalytic conversion conditions with a catalyst containing one of a select group of metal additives to catalyze the endothermic removal of carbon with CO.sub.2. Conversion conditions are such that hydrocarbonaceous material and metals are deposited to deactivate the catalyst in the conversion zone. Deactivated catalyst is partially regenerated in the presence of carbon dioxide containing gas before or after oxygen regeneration at a temperature below 1600.degree. F. to provide a regenerated catalyst which is recycled to the conversion zone for further contact with fresh feed. The metal additive is present on the catalyst in an amount sufficient to catalyze the endothermic removal of carbonaceous material in the presence of a carbon dioxide rich gas at regeneration temperature below 1500.degree. F.