Abstract: Disclosed is a method for stabilizing a graphite in-oil-dispersion by means of a fracture induced oxidation of graphite particles to produce a composition suitable as a constituent of a lubricating oil composition.The oxygen content of the graphite particles is at least about 1% by weight of the total weight of the ground graphite particle including oxygen.

Abstract: A method for measuring changes in the amount of solids or liquids entrained in vapor in a container includes introducing a first vapor purge stream into a first sensor, introducing a second vapor purge stream into a second sensor located at a different level from the first sensor, and measuring the relative pressure between the sensors as indicative of changes in the amount of entrained solids or liquids.

Abstract: A method for determining the specific gravity of a liquid includes introducing a purge stream of a reference liquid into a column and introducing a first vapor purge stream into a first sensor located below the level of the reference liquid. Then a second vapor purge stream is introduced into a second sensor located below the level of the reference liquid sensor and a measurement of the difference in pressure between the two sensors is indicative of the specific gravity of the liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for providing a shear stable graphite-in-oil dispersion by means of selected non-polymeric dispersing agents. The oxygen content of the graphite particles is at least about 1% by weight of the total weight of the ground graphite particle including oxygen.

Abstract: An improved self-service gasoline pump is designed to insure payment for the fuel which has been delivered by the pump. The pump includes a switch mechanism which must be operated by the ignition key of an automobile prior to operation of the pump. Upon insertion of the ignition key into the switch mechanism, the mechanism automatically clamps and retains the key until the key is released by operation of a remote switch at the cash collection station. The switch mechanism includes a key actuated switch in the key slot. Upon actuation of the switch, a fuel pump circuit is closed and a solenoid locking circuit is also closed which causes the key to be clamped. A remote unlocking switch may be operated to release the solenoid locking circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for measuring and/or continuously recording small pressure differences by means of a novel manometer-like device. Accuracies of plus or minus about 0.05 dynes/square centimeter are achieved by means of a disclosed device which can measure, record, and self-calibrate.

Abstract: A retaining means is disclosed which utilizes a resilient ring placed in an eccentric groove which partially penetrates its supporting member. The ring extends through the support member and bears against the member to be retained. Thus a constant retaining force is applied to the restrained member which allows the member to be adjusted without first removing the ring. The restraining force is sufficient to prevent unwanted movement of the restrained member when subjected to a vibrational environment.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals that can occur during the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more at least partially soluble species of aluminum.

Abstract: A coker blow down recovery system for recovering additional ueful fuel components such as C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 hydrocarbons from a coker vessel is disclosed. A significant reduction in sulfur components contained in coker blow down gases, e.g., fuel gases, is also achieved.

Abstract: A reforming process is disclosed which comprises contacting a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon material in at least one liquid phase scavenging or sulfur removal zone with at least one manganese-containing composition at conditions to remove at least a portion of said sulfur from said hydrocarbon material to produce a hydrocarbon feedstock having a reduced concentration of sulfur; and contacting said hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst comprising a minor catalytically effective amount of at least one platinum-group metal component, optionally, a major amount of a porous solid support, optionally, a minor catalytically effective amount of at least one halogen component, and optionally, at least one rhenium component in the presence of hydrogen at hydrocarbon reforming conditions to obtain a hydrocarbon reformate product.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of phosphorus compounds.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of silicon, alone or in combination with phosphorus and/or aluminum-containing materials or species.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals, such as vanadium, iron, nickel or copper that can occur during a catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing such metals is disclosed. The process employs compositions of organic or aqueous media containing one or more, at least partially soluble species of both aluminum and phosphorus-containing materials or species.

Abstract: A passivation process for decreasing the poisonous effects from contamination by metals such as nickel, vanadium and/or iron that can occur during the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing such metals is disclosed. The process involves an in situ aluminum passivation for conversion catalysts containing an alumina-containing phase by means of soluble aluminum species contained in that alumina-containing phase.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for separating solid particles from vapor is disclosed which in one embodiment employs at least one zone defined by at least two generally vertical and at least two generally horizontal vanes and in another embodiment optionally employs at least one vane to inhibit turbulence in a lower portion of this apparatus to aid the settling of particles within a particle outlet means.This apparatus is particularly suited to at least partially separating solid particles from a mixture of vapors and solid particles which arise either when restoring the catalytic activity of solid particles that had previously been used to promote a chemical conversion or when carrying out a chemical conversion, such as for example hydrocarbon cracking or reforming.Improved methods employing such apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for measuring the density of a vapor includes continuously introducing the vapor into the inlet of a vertical zone at a rate sufficient to maintain the zone completely filled with the vapor, and measuring the pressure at the lower portion of the zone relative to a reference pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for modifying the flow pattern of post ignition combustion products of a flame, preferably an oil fueled and air sustained flame, are disclosed which substantially reduces the concentration of NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous phase oxidation for removing at least a portion of metal contaminants such as nickel, vanadium, iron or copper from a catalyst used in a hydrocarbon conversion process. The aqueous phase oxidation comprises: contacting a sulfided metals contaminated catalyst with an aqueous solution comprising soluble metal nitrate ions and a catalytically effective concentration of nitrite ions. Optionally, the sulfided catalyst which has been oxidized can be further treated with an aqueous oxidative and/or reductive wash. The oxidative wash preferably follows the reductive wash for optimal results.

Abstract: A coker blow down recovery system for recovering additional useful fuel components such as C.sub.1 --C.sub.7 hydrocarbons from a coker vessel is disclosed. A significant reduction in sulfur components contained in coker blow down gases, e.g. flare gases, is also achieved.

Abstract: An improved demetallization process is disclosed comprising high pressure aqueous phase oxidation of a catalyst contaminated with a metal such as nickel, vanadium, copper and/or iron. The metal-contaminated catalyst can be oxidized in an aqueous phase at high pressure either before regeneration or subsequent to regeneration. Optionally, an oxidative and reductive wash can also be employed.